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Determination of deuteration rate of iodomethane-d3 using quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance WANG Yu-liang, WAN Xin-huan, ZHANG Yun-yun, XIAO Tong, LI Fu-wei, GAO Hong-Mei, LIU Gui-juan, LIN Yun-liang Shandong Science    2021, 34 (5): 136-142.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.05.017 Abstract （2071）      PDF（pc） （1173KB）（1361）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, a quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (qHNMR) method was proposed to determine the deuteration rate of iodomethane-d3.An experiment was conducted on a 400 MHz spectrometer using dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6) as the internal standard reference and deuterated solvent, respectively. The following parameters were set: spectral width 4807.69 Hz, transmitter frequency offset 2000.65 Hz, relaxation delay time 65 s, and number of scans 16 times. The peak of δ2.16 in iodomethane-d2 and that of δ8.07 in dimethyl terephthalate were considered as the quantitative and internal standard peaks, respectively. The methodological assessment of linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and durability was performed, and good results were achieved. The proposed qHNMR method can be used for determining the deuteration rate of iodomethane-d3. This method is accurate, reliable, simple, and fast and does not require its own reference substance. Thus, it can meet the test requirements of iodomethane-d3 deuteration rate in the laboratory. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The disinfection effect of ozone water on soil-borne pathogenic fungi LI Hong-mei, WEI Yan-li, HU Jin-dong, YANG Kai, LIU Bao-jun, YANG He-tong, LI Ji-shun Shandong Science    2021, 34 (4): 67-72.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.011 Abstract （1369）      PDF（pc） （2168KB）（391）       Knowledge map    Save For exploring the green methods of soil disinfection, the disinfection effects of ozone water at different mass concentrations on three soil-borne pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea, were studied. The results showed that ozone water in the mass concentration range of 1.0~5.0 mg/L has certain sterilizing effect on the spores of the three pathogenic fungi. The mass concentration of ozone water is the main factor affecting the sterilization rate, whereas the treatment time has no significant effect on it. Increasing the mass concentration of ozone water and the frequency of irrigation can significantly enhance the sterilization rate of the three pathogenic fungi in the soil. Irrigation of the soil with ozone water can significantly reduce disease incidence in plants. However, it leads to growth inhibition, and the introduction of Trichoderma can eliminate this inhibition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of subway parking lines with two train spaces PENG Lei, SUN Yuan-guang, JIN Hua Shandong Science    2021, 34 (3): 54-61.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.03.009 Abstract （1005）      PDF（pc） （4705KB）（354）       Knowledge map    Save Subway parking lines with one train space are widely used in urban rail transit systems. However, in the process of train failure rescue , this method can accommodate only one train owing to their length limitations and will cause extra delay. Conversely, subway parking lines with two train spaces work better in train failure rescue, although higher requirements are imposed on engineering conditions and costs. This study designs eight different types of parking lines with two train spaces based on forms and setting principles of traditional parking lines with one train space, and performs a comparison analysis. Moreover, a railway simulation tool OpenTrack is used to simulate the suitability of parking lines with two train spaces during train failure rescue. Results show that each of the eight types of parking lines has its own applicative situation, and tandem parking lines exhibit better applicability among them. Furthermore, the parking lines with two train spaces can considerably reduce rescue delay time when they are set in the middle of the line away from the car depot. In the situation wherein only train failure rescue is considered, the tandem end-type parking lines are the best choice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different volume fractions of dimethyl sulfoxide on DNA denaturation XU Min,WANG Yan-wei,YANG Guang-can Shandong Science    2022, 35 (3): 131-137.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.03.016 Abstract （814）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （5009KB）（190）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different volume fractions of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on plasmid and linear DNA denaturation were investigated using atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. It was found that a low volume fraction of 1% DMSO solution can also induce local DNA denaturation, which can be directly observed by atomic force microscopy. Simultaneously, due to the limitations of plasmid DNA linking number and single-stranded DNA generation, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering showed that DNA gradually forms a superhelix structure with an increase in the volume fraction of DMSO. The average particle size of pBR322 DNA, 5 000 base pair DNA, and λ-DNA decreased from about (474±10) nm, (554±11) nm, and (871±17) nm, respectively, in 0 DMSO solution to (257±8) nm, (282±18) nm, and (449±21) nm, respectively, in 10% DMSO solution. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visual analysis of the mechanism of Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis ZHU Xiao-li, GAO Jia-rong, SHI Miao-miao, QIN Xiu-juan, WEI Liang-bing, LIU Tao, ZHANG Wei Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 58-67.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.008 Abstract （785）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （1466KB）（163）       Knowledge map    Save Database and visualization software were employed to analyze the active ingredients of Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and explore the potential underlying mechanism. The active ingredients of Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain were collected using Traditional Chinese Medicine system pharmacology databases and analysis platforms and BATMAN-TCM databases, and the target information was standardized using SwissTargetPrediction and Uniprot databases. CGN-related targets were screened using the GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, Drugbank, and DiGSeE databases. Relevant network diagrams were constructed using Cytoscape software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using the Omicshare platform. AutoDock Vina and LigPlot were used for molecular docking of the core components to the core targets. A total of 27 active ingredients and 271 active ingredient targets were screened from Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain. The analysis of 143 drug and disease intersection targets yielded 7 084 GO-related processes and 230 KEGG signaling pathways, of which 4 663 GO-related processes and 159 KEGG signaling pathways were differentially identified. Further validation by molecular docking revealed that the core components were able to bind better to the core targets. Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain were found to exert their effect on the treatment of CGN through a multi-ingredient, multi-target, and multi-pathway mode of action, providing important scientific information for the treatment of CGN. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three newly recorded wild species of plants from Shandong Province SHI Liang,XIE Ling,QU Chang-you,SUN Ying,YAN Shi-hui,WANG Cong-cong,XIN Xiao-wei Shandong Science    2022, 35 (1): 14-17.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.01.003 Abstract （732）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （2095KB）（347）       Knowledge map    Save Three new wild species of plants were reported from Shandong Province, These were Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera, Polygonum muricatum Meisn., and Isodon serra (Maxim.) Kudô. The discoveries of these species are crucial for the study of plant diversity and distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine resources in Shandong. Voucher specimens of these species were deposited in Herbarium of Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular mechanism of Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma-Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus couple medicine in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking GU Yi-dan,REN Yun-yan,ZHANG Zhu-feng,GAO Ping Shandong Science    2022, 35 (1): 28-36.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.01.005 Abstract （697）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （3397KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking study approach, investigation of the potential molecular mechanism of Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma-Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus couple medicine in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was conducted. The active ingredients and therapeutic targets of Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma-Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus couple medicine were selected on a TCM systematic pharmacological analysis platform. The disease targets corresponding to IPF were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, GeneCards and CTD databases. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed and analyzed using the STRING online database. Gene ontology(GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the hub genes were conducted using R language. Overall, 23 active ingredients of Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma-Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus couple medicine were screened; these active ingredients acted on 48 IPF target genes. Twenty hub genes such as AKT1, PTGS2, and IL1B were screened from the PPI network of target genes, and the docking energy of hub genes and active ingredient molecules of the drug pair were stable and firmly bound. The hub genes were enriched in 67 GO processes, including nuclear receptor activity and steroid receptor activity, and 90 KEGG signaling pathways, such as IL17 signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. The combination of Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus reinforces Qi and nourishes Yin, which may exert its effects on the treatment of IPF through multiple pathways and mechanisms such as regulation of body immunity, antifibrosis, antioxidative stress, and inhibition of inflammation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic effects and mechanism of action of Suanzaoren decoction, a classical prescription, on p-chlorophenylalanine-induced insomnia in rats LIU Hao, HAN Chang-sheng, CHI Xian-su, YANG Zhen-xiao, WANG Xiang-yu, WANG Xin, MA Ke Shandong Science    2021, 34 (6): 32-40.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.06.005 Abstract （655）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （1605KB）（239）       Knowledge map    Save The therapeutic effects and mechanism of action of Suanzaoren decoction on p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia in rats were investigated. We randomly divided 20 male and 20 female 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats into four groups of ten rats (five male and five female rats) each as follows: Suanzaoren decoction group, diazepam group, model group, and blank group. We established a rat model of insomnia by the intraperitoneal injection of PCPA suspension and evaluated the changes in the sleep behavior and mood of rats after an open-field experiment and an elevated plus-maze experiment. After two weeks of treatment, rat serum samples were collected to analyze the changes in the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, amino acid neurotransmitters, and inflammatory factors. According to the results of the elevated plus-maze experiment, compared with the blank group, rats with PCPA-induced insomnia had a significant decrease in the percentage of open arm residence time (toc) and a decrease in the percentage of open arm entry time (Noc), which indicated that the model was constructed successfully. Compared to the model group, the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the Suanzaoren decoction group increased significantly, whereas the increase in norepinephrine (NE) level was not significant. In contrast, dopamine (DA) and glutamic acid (Glu) levels decreased significantly. Compared to the model group, pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β level was significantly decreased, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level was significantly increased in Suanzaoren decoction group. Compared to the diazepam group, the decrease in DA level in Suanzaoren decoction group was more significant, whereas the level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in diazepam group reduced more significantly than that in Suanzaoren group. However, the levels of 5-HT, GABA, NE, Glu, IL-1β, and IL-10 in these two groups showed similar trends with no statistically significant differences. The study suggested that Suanzaoren decoction relieved insomnia by increasing the levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters, reducing those of excitatory neurotransmitters, and restoring those of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study will serve as a scientific basis for demonstrating the efficacy and validating the prescription of Suanzaoren decoction in treating insomnia. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quality control of berberine and leonurine in Lishitonglin Granules YUAN Min, LIANG Rui-xue, LIU Qing Shandong Science    2021, 34 (4): 26-33.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.005 Abstract （650）      PDF（pc） （2417KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save A quality control method to quantify berberine and leonurine in Lishitonglin Granules via HPLC was established.The content of berberine was determined using the Diamonsil-C18 chromatographic column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) and acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(50:50,V/V)solution with 0.1 g sodium dodecyl sulfate per 100 mL of the solution as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 265 nm. The content of leonurine was determined using the Diamonsil-C18 chromatographic column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (24:76, V/V) containing 0.4% sodium octane sulfonate. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 277 nm. The results showed that berberine was linear in the range of 0.052~0.520 μg(r=0.999 6) and leonurine was linear in the range of 0.039 6~0.396 0 μg (r=0.999 1). Further, there was a good linear relationship between injection volume and peak area. The recovery rate of berberine was 98.51%~102.1%, with relative standard deviation(RSD) of 2.08% (n=6).The recovery rate of leonurine was 99.90%~102.6%, with RSD of 1.13% (n=6). The established method has high specificity, good reproducibility, and ease of operation and can be used for the quality control analysis of Lishitonglin Granules. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of Ranunculi Ternati Radix in the treatment of tuberculosis based on network pharmacology LIU Yuan, CHEN Jie, SUN Hui, XU Yuan-nan, MA Zhi-qiang, LIU Xiang-fang, LIU Meng-xing, LIU Xing Shandong Science    2021, 34 (6): 51-61.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.06.007 Abstract （642）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （5021KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Ranunculi Ternati Radix in the treatment of tuberculosis based on network pharmacology. The active ingredients and related targets of Ranunculi Ternati Radix were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database and analysis platform. With the help of the GeneCards database to search disease targets, the intersections of active ingredient targets and disease targets are used as the predicted targets of Ranunculi Ternati Radix for tuberculosis treatment. A protein-protein interaction network diagram was constructed using the STRING database, and gene ontoeogy and Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed for the overlapping genes. Finally, molecular docking verification between active ingredients and potential targets was performed using the AutoDock software. In total, 12 active compounds were selected from Ranunculi Ternati Radix. These active ingredients mainly act on the key targets of tuberculosis, including CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, BCL2, and BAX. KEGG results indicate that Ranunculi Ternati Radix may interfere with tuberculosis by regulating the apoptosis signaling pathway. The main components of Ranunculi Ternati Radix identified using molecular docking include stigmasta-4,6,8, vittadinoside, stigmasterol, stigmasterol glucoside, sitosterol acetate, and beta-sitosterol. These components were known to have obvious effects on BAX, CASP3, and CASP9. This study explored the active ingredients of Ranunculi Ternati Radix and corresponding potential targets when treating tuberculosis at the molecular level based on network pharmacology. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of Ranunculi Ternati Radix was verified. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Production technology of mapping an aerial digital orthophoto with a 0.2 m resolution QU Li-li, ZHU Feng-qi Shandong Science    2021, 34 (6): 127-133.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.06.017 Abstract （626）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （2419KB）（421）       Knowledge map    Save Focusing on the production method for mapping a high-resolution digital orthophoto and the problems that often occur in this production process, the key technology of producing high-resolution digital orthophoto maps from the practical perspective is proposed and the technical challenges and corresponding solutions are summarized using the 9600 km2 0.2 m resolution DMCⅢ digital aerial image data of Binzhou area and cluster image processing systems (such as Inpho, GEOWAY CIPS, and Pixel Factory) to produce 1:2000 digital orthophoto maps. Constructive suggestions on the acquisition and processing of high-resolution aerial images are carefully suggested. The proposals will help in improving the quality and efficiency of future projects in this field and will contribute to the fundamental surveying and mapping, which will benefit the economic development of China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of network pharmacology applications in studying the complex mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine HAN Li-wen, CHEN Shan-jun, DONG Rong, ZHANG You-gang, WANG Xiao-jing Shandong Science    2021, 34 (6): 22-31.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.06.004 Abstract （613）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （1532KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Save The complex mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which are characterized by multilevels and multisystems, have always been a crucial scientific problem in modern research. With the integration of computer technology, systems biology, multidirectional pharmacology, and other disciplines, network pharmacology has formed a core technical system based on network targets, which has established component-target-disease molecular networks and shown great application potential in the modern research of TCM. We reviewed the network construction and analysis technology of network pharmacology, recent research progress in elucidating TCM's pharmacological mechanism of action, and the potential for further development of network pharmacology to provide useful reference for conducting in-depth interpretation of the scientific connotation of TCM. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Path planning of robot based on improved BI-RRT algorithm HAN Feng-jian, QIU Shu-bo, LI Qing-hua, LIU Hai-ying Shandong Science    2021, 34 (3): 109-118.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.03.015 Abstract （596）      PDF（pc） （3633KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of BI-RRT algorithm in path planning, such as poor target orientation, slow convergence speed, and numerous inflection points, an improved BI-RRT algorithm is proposed in this paper. The random tree is guided to grow faster toward the target point through target orientation to accelerate the convergence speed. In addition, the introduction of greedy path optimization strategy effectively reduces the path inflection points and improves the efficiency of path planning algorithm. Furthermore, a disk collision detection algorithm is also proposed. Path planning simulation experiments on a disk mobile robot is performed in several scenarios using Matlab. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified via experimental results. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of traffic volume in the Liaocheng-Dezhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal after shipping resumption YANG Xiao-song, FAN Hai-wen, ZHANG Nan, CHEN Can-jun Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 116-125.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.015 Abstract （591）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1103KB）（232）       Knowledge map    Save The resumption of shipping in the section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal north of the Yellow River can facilitate an economic route for driving the regional connection between the north and south, which is instrumental for adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure. Based on this background and considering the characteristics of the regional freight structure, this study uses a production curve and an allocation rate model to estimate the possible traffic volume that will be induced in the Liaocheng-Dezhou section after shipping resumption between 2025 and 2039. Results show that after shipping resumption, the average annual growth rate of freight transport will be 15.9%, the canal will be capable of undertaking 18.20% of the regional freight transport, and freight transport via the canal between the two cities will reach 783.78 million tons by 2039. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The basis and mechanism of Rosae Rugosae Flos antidepressants based on network pharmacology LIANG Meng-meng, SHAO Xin-xin, CHEN Cong, ZHANG Song, ZHANG Guang-zhong, LI Jia Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 38-48.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.006 Abstract （582）   HTML （48）    PDF（pc） （1454KB）（297）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the active ingredients and mechanism of Rosae Rugosae Flos for antidepressant activity by network pharmacology and the molecular docking method. This study collected the antidepressant monomers and chemical components of Rosae Rugosae Flos by searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, predicted the antidepressant active ingredients and targets with the aid of the PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction databases, performed pathway enrichment analysis through the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, and used Discovery Studio 2017 software to perform molecular docking. A total of 117 antidepressant monomers and 127 Rosae Rugosae Flos ingredients were collected. Furthremore, 17 antidepressant-related core components were screened out from Rosae Rugosae Flos. The molecular docking showed that Rosae Rugosae Flos contains six active ingredients, which are apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, isoeugenol, isoquercitrin, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside that can bind to the three depression-related targets AKT1, PTGS2, and ESR1. The results indicated that the antidepressant material basis of Rosae Rugosae Flos is flavonoids, such as apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, and so on, which mainly affect the neuroactive ligand -receptor interaction and the HIF-1, prolactin, and dopaminergic synaptic signaling pathways, which play an antidepressant role. The research will be expected to offer new ideas for the next steps in studying Rosae Rugosae Flos for any evidence of new antidepressant drug discoveries. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Network pharmacology study on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Rhellodendri Chinensis Cortex combination PAN Hui-jun,ZHU Quan-gang,ZHU Cong-cong Shandong Science    2021, 34 (6): 41-50.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.06.006 Abstract （561）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （10679KB）（139）       Knowledge map    Save The combination of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Rhellodendri Chinensis Cortex is a commonly used combinatorial medicine in clinical practice, which belongs to the “mutual promotion”. Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Rhellodendri Chinensis Cortex combination has an anti-inflammatory effect, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not been studied well. In this study, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Rhellodendri Chinensis Cortex combination was studied using network pharmacology. The results showed that Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Rhellodendri Chinensis Cortex combination has 182 potential anti-inflammatory targets, of which 29 showed regulatory scores greater than or equal to twice the median value of the common targets of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Rhellodendri Chinensis Cortex, and inflammation-PTGS2, PTGS1, RXRA, ADRB2, AR, CHRM1, ADRA1B, CHRM3, F10, NOS3, etc. These targets are closely related to the mechanism of inflammation. GO(gene ontology) function showed that anti-inflammatory targets were involved in RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis regulation, nitric oxide biosynthesis regulation, etc. The KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway was involved in TNF, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, FOXO, VEGF, T cell receptor, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and insulin resistance pathway, among others. The results suggested that the molecular mechanism of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Rhellodendri Chinensis Cortex combination would be the coregulation of various signal pathways, exerting synergistic anti-inflammatory effects. The molecular mechanisms of the effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Rhellodendri Chinensis Cortex combination studied using network pharmacology provide a scientific basis for its clinical use. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cardamine Leucantha, a new record from Shandong Province, China ZHAO Feng-xi, REN Zhao-jie Shandong Science    2021, 34 (3): 33-35.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.03.005 Abstract （558）      PDF（pc） （3068KB）（397）       Knowledge map    Save The species Cardamine leucantha(Tausch) O. E. Schulz is reported as a new record from the Shandong Province of China in a plant resources survey at Jiuru Hill，it belongs to the genus Cardamine of the family Brassicaceae. Based on field investigations and specimen studies, we updated its morphological characters and discussed the distribution of C. leucantha and the significance of its new distribution. Meanwhile, a key to the classification of Cardamine in Shandong province is provided. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of flavonoids in mulberry leaves from different production areas ZHANG Xian, LI Yue Shandong Science    2021, 34 (4): 34-39.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.006 Abstract （531）      PDF（pc） （1128KB）（221）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, high performance liquid chromatography was performed to detect the content of six flavonoids in 22 batches of mulberry leaves purchased from different regions of the country. Precision, stability, repeatability, sample recovery rate, and flavonoid content were measured to determine the types and contents of flavonoids in mulberry leaves from different regions. The results showed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the chromatographic peak area detected by precision and stability tests were both <1%， this indicates that the detection instrument and operation meet the precision requirements. The amount of flavonoids considerably varied in mulberry leaves from different regions. Among them, the total amount of flavonoids in mulberry leaves collected from Bozhou, Anhui; Mianyang, Sichuan; and Yulin, Guangxi was high, followed by that in leaves collected from Shangqiu, Henan; Tongxiang, Zhejiang; Taixing, Jiangsu; and Xiangyang, Hubei. The total amount of flavonoids in mulberry leaves collected from Shaoyang, Hunan was the lowest. The results suggest that the content of flavonoids in mulberry leaves from different regions is different. The determination of the content of flavonoids in mulberry leaves via high performance liquid chromatography is easy to operate, stable, and repeatable.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nature-effect relationship research of cold bitter and warm pungent medicinal properties of Xiaoyaosan for soothing the liver and relieving depression based on nature combination SHI Jian-ru,GAO Yao,ZHAO Hui-liang,TIAN Jun-sheng,WU Yan-fei Shandong Science    2022, 35 (1): 37-44.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.01.006 Abstract （529）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （4415KB）（151）       Knowledge map    Save The purpose of this study was to explore the internal relationship between temperature differences and efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xiaoyaosan,used for soothing liver and relieving depression. The main active ingredients and targets of the combination of cold bitter and warm pungent medicinal properties were obtained by database retrieval. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed based on STRING platform, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway and statistical analysis of the identified medicinal properties' combination protein-protein interaction network were carried out using metascape. The results show that the liver meridian properties of Xiaoyaosan were mainly involved in neurotransmitter, signal pathway, and endocrine pathway through HTR2B and other targets, and the cold bitter medicinal properties of Xiaoyaosan were mainly involved in energy metabolism and inflammatory reaction through CREBRF and other targets. The warm pungent medicinal properties of Xiaoyaosan was mainly involved in inflammatory reaction, neuronutrition, and amino acid metabolism through ADCY5 and other targets, thereby soothing the liver and relieving depression. The study explained the common characteristics of the liver meridian medicinal properties and specific characteristics of cold bitter medicinal properties and warm pungent medicinal properties from the molecular network level in Xiaoyaosan, and provided new ideas and new methods for the study of the internal relationship between the medicinal properties and efficacy of Xiaoyaosan. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the cloning and transcriptional activity of U6 promoter from Lonicera japonica TANG Zhi-qiang,LI Xiao-li,XU Xiao-han,PU Gao-bin Shandong Science    2022, 35 (2): 11-17.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.02.002 Abstract （525）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （2623KB）（263）       Knowledge map    Save U6 promoter is an important element that drives sgRNA transcription in the construction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In this study, three types of U6 promoters were cloned from Huajin 6 Lonicera japonica using polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and five promoters of different lengths were constructed to drive the GUS expression vector. CaMV35S was used in a positive control experiment, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used in a negative control experiment. Tobacco protoplasts were transfected through the transient transformation method using A. tumefaciens. After GUS staining, the quantity and efficiency of protoplasts were observed under a microscope. The staining results revealed that the highly efficient transcription promoter Chr01 U6-F1 was screened successfully, which laid a foundation for the gene editing of Lonicera japonica in the later stage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Distributed optical fiber acoustic seismic wave exploration technology WANG Chang, SHANG Ying, WANG Chen , WANG Ying-ying, LIU Xiao-hui Shandong Science    2021, 34 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.001 Abstract （524）      PDF（pc） （5541KB）（391）       Knowledge map    Save As conventional and easy-to-extract oil and gas resources are declining, the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources in complex geological areas will play an increasingly important role in reducing our country′s dependence on foreign oil and gas and ensuring national energy security. Oil and gas reservoirs in complex geological areas have the characteristics of thinner, deeper, and stronger heterogeneity. Effective exploration is difficult to achieve using the existing seismic wave detection technology. In this paper, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system for oil and gas seismic wave exploration and exploitation is designed. An optical cable is used as the sensor to detect the sound signal. Phase modulation/demodulation technology based on Rayleigh backscattering is adopted in a sound pressure sensitivity test that achieved a spatial resolution of 10 m and -145.35 dB. Further, field seismic exploration was conducted, seismic wave signal acquisition and processing were completed, and clear stratum information was obtained. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties comparative analysis of polyimide/polyvinyl alcohol-based humidity-sensitive materials FENG Jin-lai Shandong Science    2022, 35 (2): 54-59.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.02.007 Abstract （509）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （2346KB）（343）       Knowledge map    Save Humidity is a significant environmental parameter in storage, civil explosives business, and other fields. The performance of humidity-sensitive materials directly determines the quality of sensors. Polyimide and polyvinyl alcohol, the most commonly used humidity-sensing materials in optical fiber humidity sensors, were selected as the research objects. The humidity sensors were fabricated by coating two different humidity-sensitive materials on the surface of the fiber Bragg grating and their sensitivity, response time, and long-term stability were tested and compared. Results show that the linearity of the humidity sensor coated with polyimide is 99.98%, the sensitivity is 5.4 pm/%, the response time is 9.7 min, and the maximum wavelength shift is 5.6 pm. The humidity sensor coated with polyvinyl alcohol has a higher sensitivity in the range of relative humidity 60%~90%, which makes polyvinyl alcohol-based humidity sensors more suitable for humidity measurement in high-humidity environments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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CNN-LSTM driver intention recognition method based on Attention mechanism ZHUANG Hao, LI Yang, TAO Mingkun Shandong Science    2023, 36 (2): 103-111.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.02.013 Abstract （507）   HTML （37）    PDF（pc） （1153KB）（921）       Knowledge map    Save In an autonomous driving system, the system needs to accurately identify the driver's intention to help them drive safely in complex traffic scenarios. Aiming at the issue of low accuracy of driver intent recognition and lacking consideration of the influence of optimized features on the accuracy of the model currently, a driver intention recognition method based on a time series model is proposed using deep learning knowledge. The method is based on Attention mechanism and incorporates Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), introducing own and environmental information of the vehicle as spatiotemporal input to capture the spatial interaction and temporal evolution of surrounding vehicles. The method can simultaneously predict the driver intention in both lateral and longitudinal directions of the target vehicle and is trained and verified on the actual road dataset next generation simulation. The experimental results show that the proposed CNN-LSTM-Attention model can accurately predict the driver's driving intention in the highway environment, which has obvious advantages over the LSTM and CNN-LSTM model and provides an effective guarantee for the safe operation of the automatic driving system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Trichoderma harzianum T11-W and apple branch sawdust on cucumber seedling growth  WANG Yi-lian, ZHAO Zhong-juan, YANG Kai, LU Chang-hou, YU Yi, XU Wei-sheng, LI Ji-shun Shandong Science    2021, 34 (3): 36-41.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.03.006 Abstract （506）      PDF（pc） （995KB）（194）       Knowledge map    Save To explore rapid utilization methodsfor pruning apple branches, cucumber (Jinyan No. 4) was used as a test material to study the effects of Trichoderma harzianum T11-W and apple branch sawdust on its seedling growth. T. harzianum T11-W was added to the sawdust in advance in one group (this was considered treated sawdust), whereas the other group involved the simultaneous addition of T. harzianum T11-W to sawdust. These two groups were compared with untreated apple branches (raw sawdust) and T. harzianum T11-W alone. Results showed that T. harzianum T11-W exhibited the most significant growth-promoting effect on cucumber seedlings, and when the mass fraction of sawdust was 0.7%, the root length inhibition of sawdust was weakened and the dry weight of its root was further increased by adding T. harzianum T11-W. Although the comprehensive evaluation of Trichoderma with sawdust treatment (treated sawdust or raw sawdust) was not as good as that of T. harzianum T11-W treatment alone, they have the highest root-cap ratio. When the raw sawdust dosage was 0.35%, the promotion of cucumber seedling growth was weaker than that of the control group that did not undergo any treatment. When the dose was 0.7%, the growth-promoting effect was higher than that of the above-mentioned control group, indicating that increasing the amount of raw sawdust facilitated cucumber seedling growth. When the sawdust dosage was 0.35%, the growth-promoting effect of treated sawdust on cucumber seedlings was better than that of raw sawdust.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties of the Exfresh fiber and its fabrics FENG Longlong, XIE Bingbing, ZHANG Ruiyun, LU Jian, YU Hao, WANG Yunhai Shandong Science    2023, 36 (3): 60-68.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.03.008 Abstract （502）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1164KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save The Exfresh fiber is a new type of modified acrylic fiber with fine denier and antibacterial properties; it is fabricated by adding an antibacterial agent to the spinning stock solution. The surface morphologies, mechanical properties, moisture absorption properties, specific resistance, friction properties, and curling properties of the Exfresh and ordinary acrylic fibers were tested and compared in this study. The elemental composition and chemical bonds of the two fibers were analyzed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the moisture-absorbing quick-drying and moisture-absorbing heat-generating properties of the Exfresh blended fabrics were tested. Results showed that the Exfresh fiber featured a circular cross-section, rough longitudinal surface and dense grooves as well as a low linear density, excellent mechanical properties, and high spinnability. Additionally, it has a lower specific resistance and higher friction coefficient than the ordinary acrylic fiber, thereby making it difficult to produce static electricity. Results of the XPS analysis showed that the added antibacterial agent was a quaternary ammonium salt. Additionally, the evaporation rate of an Exfresh fiber-blended fabric is bigger than 0.18 g/h, and its maximum moisture-absorbing heat-generating temperature rise is bigger than 4 ℃. Moreover, it exhibits excellent moisture-absorbing quick-drying and moisture-absorbing heat-generating properties, and can be used to develop multifunctional fabrics. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of the molecular mechanism of Belamcandae Rhizoma-Ephedrae Herba couple medicine for treating cough-variant asthma MEI Wei-ying, LU Wei-qing, CHEN Yun-wei, MEI Wen-xing, SHEN Chun-ti Shandong Science    2021, 34 (5): 26-33.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.05.004 Abstract （483）      PDF（pc） （4188KB）（215）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Belamcandae Rhizoma-Ephedrae Herba couple medicine for treating cough-variant asthma on the basis of network pharmacology. The active ingredients and targets of Belamcandae Rhizoma-Ephedrae Herba couple medicine were obtained using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). The disease targets corresponding to cough-variant asthma were obtained from the GeneCards Database. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed and analyzed using the String online database. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using R language. Results show that a total of 30 active ingredients of Belamcandae Rhizoma-Ephedrae Herba couple medicine and 75 targets of cough-variant asthma were obtained. The interaction between the ingredients and targets is close and complicated. The targets were enriched in 98 GO processes, including nuclear receptor activity, transcription factor activity, direct ligand-regulated sequence-specific DNA binding, ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding, steroid hormone receptor activity, and steroid binding. The targets were enriched in 110 KEGG pathways, including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, microRNAs in cancer, hepatitis B, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, and human cytomegalovirus infection. Belamcandae Rhizoma-Ephedrae Herba couple medicine may play an important role in the regulation and treatment of cough-variant asthma by regulating body immunity, anti-inflammatory activity, and reducing airway hyperreactivity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the potential active ingredients of Banxia Houpu Decoction based on network pharmacology and high-resolution mass spectrometry SHENG Li-song,SU Ming,XIE Ya-xin,ZHANG Xin-jun,PENG Li,XU Zuo-zhi,LIU Shan-xin Shandong Science    2022, 35 (2): 46-53.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.02.006 Abstract （481）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （2492KB）（300）       Knowledge map    Save A systematic pharmacology approach was used to detect the potential targets of Banxia Houpu Decoction, and a molecular docking software was used to virtually screen and score the compounds in the decoction. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to study the composition and ingredients of Banxia Houpu Decoction obtained by different extraction methods. A total of four targets were screened based on the integrated pharmacology of pharmacodynamic components. The substances with a high activity as per the virtual screening score were mainly flavonoids. High-resolution mass spectrometry data showed that the extracts mainly contain flavonoids and triterpenoids. The main action of Banxia Houpu Decoction on inflammation-related and psychoneural-related targets is consistent with its clinical application. The main active ingredients responsible for the drug's effect may be a combination of flavonoids and triterpenoids. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Applicability of a zebrafish thrombosis model in screening active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine MO Cai-lian, LI Jie, WANG Jia-zhen, LIU Xin , LIN Sheng-hua, MOU Yan-ling, ZHANG Yun, LIU Ke-chun, HE Qiu-xia Shandong Science    2021, 34 (4): 52-59.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.009 Abstract （467）      PDF（pc） （1042KB）（224）       Knowledge map    Save This study is aimed to investigate the applicability of zebrafish thrombosis model in the screening of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. In vitro platelet agglutination experiments and in vivo zebrafish thrombosis experiments were performed to detect the effects of monomers in traditional Chinese medicine material on platelet aggregation and thrombosis. We selected a 3~5-days-old transgenic TG line (integrin αIIb: enhanced green fluorescent protein) of platelet-labeled green fluorescent zebrafish and wild-type AB line zebrafish as screening models and used ferric chloride to induce thrombosis. The zebrafish were treated with 20 types of monomer components of traditional Chinese material, and clotting time was used as an indicator to investigate the effect of these samples on thrombosis in zebrafish. Simultaneously, the whole blood of rats was collected to prepare platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasma, and platelet aggregation rate was measured by a platelet agglutination instrument to detect the activity of monomer components of Chinese medicine material. There were seven types of monomer components of traditional Chinese medicine material demonstrated antithrombotic effects in zebrafish. For the first time, it was first found that aucubin had a significant inhibitory effect on thrombosis in zebrafish. The results of in vitro platelet aggregation test showed that 12 traditional Chinese medicine components inhibited platelet aggregation, of which the maximum inhibition of platelet aggregation (88.22%) was exhibited by 100 μg/mL salidroside. The seven types of monomer components of traditional Chinese medicine material found to have antithrombotic effects in zebrafish model exhibited good results in in vitro platelet aggregation experiments as well. The zebrafish thrombosis model has good adaptability to the screening of antithrombotic activity of traditional Chinese medicine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulatory effects of Loganin on the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of nueral stem cells ZHANG Jin-qiang, YI Sai-ni, SHEN Lin-min, LI Liang-yuan, XIAO Cheng-hong, TANG Xin, LIU Qin, SU Da-peng, XU Chun-yun, ZHOU Tao Shandong Science    2021, 34 (5): 8-15.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.05.002 Abstract （457）      PDF（pc） （4705KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of different concentrations of Loganin on the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and its related molecular mechanisms. NSCs were isolated and cultured from the brain of adult mouse. The effects of Loganin on the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of NSCs were determined using different concentrations of Loganin.The results showed that the number and diameter of adult mouse NSCs significantly increased compared with those of control mouse after culturing in medium and high concentrations of Loganin for 5 days and 7 days (P<0.05). Medium and high concentrations of Loganin could promote the mitosis of NSCs. Low-dose Loganin treatment significantly promoted the differentiation of NSCs (P<0.01) and increased the number and proportion of neurons and astrocytes (P<0.01). However, medium and high concentrations of Loganin inhibited the differentiation of NSCs (P<0.05). Furthermore, high concentrations of Loganin reduced the number of neurons (P<0.05). These results suggest that a high concentration of Loganin could promote the survival of NSCs and enhance their proliferative ability by promoting the mitosis of NSCs. On the other hand, a low concentration of Loganin could promote the differentiation of NSCs and is beneficial for neurogenesis and oligodendrocyte regeneration. These results lay the theoretical and experimental foundation for research on NSCs for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predicting the mechanism of action of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma-Bupleuri Radix for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease based on network pharmacology SUN Dan-dan, JIANG Ting, WANG-Gang, HU Yong Shandong Science    2021, 34 (5): 16-25.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.05.003 Abstract （451）      PDF（pc） （4409KB）（228）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the network pharmacology method to predict the action mechanism of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma-Bupleuri Radix on the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Screen the effective active ingredients of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix and the corresponding target proteins through the database, and predict and screen the target of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma-Bupleuri Radix for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Use Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct a drug-component-target-disease network diagram. Map the key target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Metascape database was used to conduct gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for effective targets. Sixty-five Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma compounds with 162 effective targets and 17 Bupleuri Radix compounds with 251 effective targets were screened. Through screening, 161 intersecting targets of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix for alcoholic liver disease were obtained. PPI network analysis revealed that AKT1, IL6, TP53, VEGFA, TNF, CASP3, and EGF may be the key targets of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. GO annotation analysis involved signaling pathways such as reactions to inorganic substances, reactions to toxic substances, membrane rafts, dendrites, transcription factor binding, and protein domain-specific binding. KEGG pathway analysis involved tumor signaling pathways, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, proteoglycans in cancer, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways in diabetic complications. The key targets of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix medicine for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease as well as the biological processes and signaling pathways involved were preliminarily explored, and it was found that the effect is multi-target and multi-pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Index evaluation system for transportation function of metro transfer station ZHENG Xuan-chuan, SHEN Yu, Dong Xiao-chun, LI Ming-hua, PU Shu Shandong Science    2021, 34 (4): 95-103.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.015 Abstract （451）      PDF（pc） （2588KB）（435）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the systematic evaluation problem of metro transfer stations, an index evaluation system is established for the transportation function of metro transfer stations. The definition, calculation method, and scoring standard for each index are proposed. Moreover, a comprehensive index evaluation method based on the analytic hierarchy process is constructed, and the weight coefficient is discussed. A case study is conducted using seven transfer stations of Nanjing metro to verify the validity and practicality of the proposed index evaluation system. Results show that the second-level indicators can accurately reflect the current situation of the stations, and the stations can be classified based on the similarity of the index scores. Similar stations exhibit common characteristics. The index weight coefficient determined using the judgment matrix satisfies the consistency test, and the obtained first-level index score and total score can comprehensively evaluate the overall status of the station. Finally, considering the Liuzhoudonglu station as an example, an optimization of the station evaluation results is proposed, which confirms the applicability of the system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacognostical and molecular pharmacognostical identification of Periplaneta americana L.  SU Yang, XU Ling-chuan Shandong Science    2021, 34 (3): 19-25.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.03.003 Abstract （441）      PDF（pc） （2341KB）（945）       Knowledge map    Save The traditional Chinese medicine identification characteristics of Periplaneta americana L. were summarized via pharmacognosy and molecular pharmacognosy. The purpose of this study is to ensure the safety of P.americana when used as a traditional Chinese medicine component. First, the morphological and microscopic characteristics of P. americana were observed and recorded using a high-performance stereomicroscope and a biological digital microscope. Then, the molecular identification method was used to perform PCR amplification and sequencing on the DNA of P. americana. To verify the accuracy of pharmacognosy identification, the obtained sequencing results were compared with the data in the DNA bar code identification system of traditional Chinese medicine and the detection results were compared with the morphological identification results. The body wall fragments of P. americana are attached to a scaly texture, and the inner and outer layers of the body wall are distinct. The bristles of P. americana are segmented into coarse and fine types, and their color differences are obvious. The compound eye fragments of P. americana have obvious characteristics. The result of molecular pharmacognosy was P. americana (Insecta: Blattodea: Blattidae). The homology was 100%. Through this experiment, we can confirm the identification characteristics of P. americana as a Chinese medicinal material and provide experimental basis for its safe use. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Travel destination prediction method for urban rail transit passengers using spatiotemporal feature extraction ZHU Shi-guang, SI Bing-feng, CUI Hong-meng, XUE Jing-wen Shandong Science    2021, 34 (4): 104-113.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.016 Abstract （438）      PDF（pc） （2380KB）（223）       Knowledge map    Save To meet the real-time demand for passenger flow control and train dispatching in urban rail transit operation organizations, an online travel destination prediction method based on passenger origin destination(OD) spatiotemporal characteristics is proposed. First, the passenger OD spatiotemporal feature matrix is defined. Moreover, the automatic fare collection (AFC) history data of individual passengers are used as training samples, and an extraction method of passenger OD spatiotemporal features is proposed using stroke density clustering. Further, based on the matching rule analysis between the card-swiping information of passengers and their OD spatiotemporal feature matrix, the corresponding real-time destination prediction method is proposed for three matching cases. The AFC data of Nanjing rail transit are used to verify the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is effective in the prediction accuracy of rush hours and provides stable all-day prediction, which can provide a reference for subway operations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Antifreezing organic hydrogel electrolyte with high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity WANG Ji-Jun,LÜ Bing-Xi,LIU Li-Bin Shandong Science    2022, 35 (2): 60-69.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.02.008 Abstract （438）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （6447KB）（593）       Knowledge map    Save The poor mechanical properties of hydrogel electrolytes and the freezing of water at low temperatures affect their ionic conductivity, thereby hindering their application in energy storage devices and electronic conductors. In this study, a type of antifreezing organic hydrogel with high mechanical properties and conductivity is fabricated. The electrolyte was synthesized via free-radical polymerization by adding soy protein isolates and using acrylamide and methacrylic ethyl sulfobetaine as monomers in a mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide/H2O in the presence of lithium chloride. The fabricated hydrogel electrolyte exhibits good ionic conductivity (maximum 37.5 mS/cm), good mechanical properties (maximum stress 69 kPa and maximum strain 762.5%), and high toughness and fatigue resistance. Furthermore, the fabricated electrolyte shows a good response under varying strain and temperature conditions with a wide sensing window and good stability. Additionally, supercapacitors based on this electrolyte show good electrochemical performance between 20 ℃ and -20 ℃. In other words, at 20 ℃, the capacitances of the supercapacitor are 62.1 and 30 F/g at current densities of 0.2 and 5 A/g respectively, while at -20 ℃, the capacitance can maintain 59% of the value obtained at 20 ℃. Moreover, the supercapacitor can maintain 92% of the capacitance after 10 000 cycles, showing good cyclic stability. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of shunting operation plan of electrical multiple unit depots FAN Xian,XU Xiao-ming,QIAN Cheng Shandong Science    2022, 35 (2): 96-105.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.02.012 Abstract （435）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （2017KB）（342）       Knowledge map    Save With increasing maintenance tasks in electric multiple unit (EMU) depots, shunting operation plans are becoming increasingly complex. The automation of shunting plan preparation is crucial for enhancing the maintenance ability of EMU depots. This study aims to minimize the total maintenance time of EMU trains and construct an optimization model that considers the occupancy conflict of the operation tracks in EMU depots. A heuristic algorithm comprising the greedy algorithm combined with neighborhood search is proposed to solve the automation of shunting plan quickly. Finally, a computational study is designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Results show that for five cases with an EMU size of 15 each, the average Gap value is 0.87% and the optimal solution is directly obtained in three cases. In five cases with an EMU size of 20 each, the average value of the neighborhood search improvement is 1.35%. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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To explore the mechanism of Ranunculi Ternati Radix in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking LIU Xing, HUANG Hong-li, ZHANG Le, LIU Xiang-fang, ZHANG Wen-lin, SHEN Ling-jun Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 49-57.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.007 Abstract （434）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （1261KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of a multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel treatment of lung adenocarcinoma by network pharmacology and molecular docking. According to the analysis conditions of oral availability and drug-like properties, the Traditional Chinese Medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis peatform was used to screen the main active ingredients and targets of Ranunculi Ternati Radix. The disease targets were obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Venn diagrams were plotted using R software to obtain the intersection targets of active ingredients and diseases, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database. Gene onto logy(GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis of the predicted targets were performed using the Bioconductor database. The results revealed 10 potential active ingredients and 40 targets of Ranunculi Ternati Radix on screening; of which, 36 targets were related to lung adenocarcinoma. The main active ingredients are β-sitosterol and dousterol. These active ingredients act on PTGS2, BCL2, BAX, CASP9, CASP3, RXRA, and other targets. The anti-tumor effect is elaborated through the regulation of neurodegeneration (multiple diseases), neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, small cell lung adenocarcinoma, apoptosis, multicell apoptosis, platinum resistance, p53 signaling pathway, and colorectal cancer. The prediction of the active components and potential targets of Ranunculi Ternati Radix provides new ideas and indications for the application and development of drugs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Shenfu Injection in the treatment of sepsis based on network pharmacology YING Tian-hao,YU Tao,ZHAO Jia-ning,SUN Meng-meng,ZHU Xuan,LI Xiao-li,TANG Yi-di,ZHANG Lei-ming Shandong Science    2022, 35 (1): 18-27.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.01.004 Abstract （433）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （3998KB）（270）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to study the material basis of Shenfu Injection in the treatment of sepsis and its possible mechanism of action using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Swiss Target Prediction database were used to identify the potential active ingredients and drug targets of Shenfu Injection. Screening of disease targets was performed using GeneCards, OMIM, and Drugbank databases. String database and Cytoscape software were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Metascape platform was used for gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Cytoscape software was used to construct a component-target-pathway network. Auto Dock software was used to perform molecular docking of the key components and targets. A mouse sepsis model was developed by injecting LPS into the tail vein. The therapeutic effect of Shenfu Injection on sepsis was verified using ELISA and western blot. The results revealed 34 potential active ingredients in Shenfu Injection and 137 key targets involved in sepsis treatment. The results of GO and KEGG analyses showed that these targets primarily involved biological processes such as inflammation, apoptosis, and signal transduction and played a role in sepsis treatment through signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt and MAPK. The results of molecular docking revealed that the key components had good binding activities with the corresponding targets. In vivo experiments verified that Shenfu Injection inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in septic mice. Western blot results showed that Shenfu Injection could significantly upregulate ERK expression (P<0.01) and downregulate p-ERK expression (P<0.01) in liver tissues. This study found that Shenfu Injection exerts its antiseptic effect through a multicomponent-multitarget-multipathway mode of action, which provides an important scientific basis for clarifying its antisepsis mechanism. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular mechanism of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma's action against rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking ZHANG Xiao-wen,YING Tian-hao,LIANG Mei-chen,WANG Yan-fang,WANG Xin-lin,ZHANG Lei-ming Shandong Science    2022, 35 (2): 36-45.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.02.005 Abstract （429）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （4104KB）（273）       Knowledge map    Save Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to study the molecular mechanism of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma's action against rheumatoid arthritis. The main active ingredients and related targets of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). The GeneCards database was used to predict rheumatoid arthritis-related targets, and the Uniprot database was used to standardize protein names and obtain the intersection target of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and rheumatoid arthritis. The STRING platform was used to analyze protein-protein interactions, and the Metascape platform was used to perform gene ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct the active ingredient-target-signaling pathway interaction network. In addition, the AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 software was used for molecular docking of key targets and components. On screening, 7 core active ingredients of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and 100 intersection targets for Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and rheumatoid arthritis, e.g., AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, TNF, TP53, JUN, CASP3, and PTGS2 were obtained. GO and KEGG analyses derived 1064 and 102 signaling pathways, respectively; of which, the signaling pathways related to rheumatoid arthritis included AGE-RAGE, MAPK, TNF, IL-17, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that the key targets and components had a good binding activity. Therefore, our results suggest that Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma may play a role in preventing rheumatoid arthritis by the regulation of multiple targets and pathways, such as metabolism, signal transduction, and inflammatory pathways. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of wild Chinese medicinal plant resources in Anqiu DONG Xue, ZHONG Fang-xiao, LI Yan, ZHANG Hui-min, YU Bei-bei, WANG Xue-rong Shandong Science    2021, 34 (4): 40-44.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.007 Abstract （429）      PDF（pc） （1239KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Save In order to comprehensively understand the status of wild medicinal plant resources in Anqiu, utilizing global positioning system, the methods of plot sampling, line sampling, and other common investigation strategies were adopted. Results show that a total of 335 wild plant species were found in Anqiu. Among them,272 kinds can be used as medicine,19 key wild medicinal species of Shandong and 99 species documented in pharmacopoeias. Six wild plants were discovered for the first time in Shandong. This survey can provide reliable data for the scientific protection, utilization, and development strategies of traditional Chinese medicinal resources in Anqiu. Moreover, the emergence of a new distribution pattern enriches plant species in Shandong. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trajectory tracking control of SCARA robot via backstepping approach ZHAO Na, LU Cheng-xing Shandong Science    2021, 34 (3): 119-124.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.03.016 Abstract （429）      PDF（pc） （4065KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, we propose a trajectory tracking control law based on backstepping approach for the SCARA robot. We design the virtual and actual control terms by employing the backstepping approach. Based on Lyapunov's stability theory, the designed control law can track the trajectory of the robot and ensure that the closed-loop system is globally stable. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the designed algorithm. The closed-loop system is uniformly globally asymptotically stable,which effectively improves the accuracy performance of trajectory tracking and ensures the convergence of the tracking error signal. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics