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Review of the sources, distribution, and health risks of bisphenol compounds in environmental media in China WANG Yongfeng, YU Jingyuan, ZHANG Hao Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 13-27.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240103 Abstract （985）   HTML （54）    PDF（pc） （1884KB）（1620）       Knowledge map    Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that is widely used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Due to its potential harm to human health, its use has been restricted in many materials that come into contact with the human body. Other bisphenol compounds have emerged as alternatives, but they have similar structures and characteristics, with varying degrees of estrogenic activity and toxicity. With the rapid economic development in China, the demand for bisphenol compounds has been increasing, and so has the production capacity. The sources and distribution of bisphenol pollutants are emerging pollutants in various environmental media and human exposure to them in China deserve in-depth research. In this study, we reviewed the literature published in the past ten years (2014—2024), systematically summarized the sources and distribution patterns, human exposure levels, and health risks of bisphenol pollutants in various environmental media (surface water, sediments, and soil), and proposed various control measures and policy recommendations for bisphenol pollutants in China, aiming to provide a reference for the environmental risk control and environmental governance of bisphenol pollutants in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermodynamic analysis of the regenerative cycle in an ammonia gas turbine SHEN Zhixuan, LIANG Shiqiang Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 64-73.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240041 Abstract （705）   HTML （37）    PDF（pc） （3420KB）（587）       Knowledge map    In the pursuit of bridging the energy demand gap and striving for a pristine environment, ammonia fuel has emerged as one of the most promising fuels of the future. Zero carbon emissions, high energy density, and low production and transportation costs make it a promising candidate. However, challenges persist regarding the overall efficiency of pure ammonia combustion. This paper proposes a regenerative cycle in an ammonia gas turbine that matches the reheat Rankine cycle, considering the maximum temperature of the exhaust gas from the turbine and phase transition temperature of liquid ammonia in the turbine cycle. We conducted a thermodynamic analysis and evaluated the system performance based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics and analyzed the influence of the inlet temperature and pressure of the ammonia gas turbine on the overall cycle performance. The results indicate that the combined cycle has improved the efficiency of the ammonia gas turbine by up to 33.38% and the maximum efficiency achieved by the combined thermodynamic cycle is 60.13%,when the inlet temperature of an ammonia gas turbine does not exceed 1 400 ℃ and the inlet pressure remains below 0.5 MPa. Furthermore, the combined cycle exhibits outstanding thermodynamic properties and energy recovery rates. Additionally, the efficiency of the regenerative cycle increases with increasing the inlet temperature and pressure of the ammonia gas turbine, provided that the inlet pressure does not exceed 5 MPa. New perspectives have been proposed to enhance the operational efficiency of ammonia-powered gas turbines and promote the efficient utilization of ammonia as a fuel. This study proposes novel perspectives towards enhancing the efficient utilization of ammonia fuel and the actual efficiency of ammonia gas turbine cycles, providing a forward-looking exploration for the energy utilization of ammonia gas turbine systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the medication rule of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and investigating the synergistic pharmacological activity of core combination herbs SUN Jingtian, LIU Feng, ZHANG Zhe, ZHANG Yufu, MA Xinhui, LI Qingjun, WANG Xiao, DONG Hongjing Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240051 Abstract （682）   HTML （46）    PDF（pc） （3264KB）（832）       Knowledge map    To explore the medication rule and pharmacological activity of the core combination of chrysanthemi flos,the drug frequency, complex network and association rules of Chrysanthemum prescriptions were analyzed. The network pharmacology research method was used to construct the "herbs-key target-disease" of core combination drugs. Combined with the forecast results, an in vitro cell model was used to evaluate the pharmacological effects of chrysanthemi flos drug combinations. A total of 92 prescriptions containing chrysanthemi flos were obtained, involving 212 herbs, and 32 herbs with frequency greater than or equal to 10.The association rules showed that the sustain and confidence degree of chrysanthemi flos-Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma were the highest, and chrysanthemi flos-glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-schizonepetae herba, chrysanthemi flos-glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-schizonepetae herba-chuanxiong rhizoma, chrysanthemi flos-glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome-schizonepetae herba-chuanxiong rhizome-saposhnikoviae radix were next to each other, respectively. Network pharmacology analysis showed that the core drug combination of chrysanthemi flos-glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma could treat tumors, digestive system diseases, nervous system diseases and other diseases. In vitro cell activity study showed that the combination of chrysanthemi flos and glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma had a better inhibition rate on NO levels than the single drug. Compared with the single use of chrysanthemi flos, the combination of drugs showed more significantactivity, reflecting the scientificity of compatibility of TCM in clinic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Low-energy task-offloading method based on edge computing in internet of vehicles LI Lijuan, LI Yanqiang, TONG Xing, WANG Yong, ZHONG Zhibang Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 96-104.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240064 Abstract （533）   HTML （39）    PDF（pc） （2203KB）（1277）       Knowledge map    With the extensive development of intelligent transportation and eco-friendly travel, a low-energy task-offloading method based on edge computing in the internet of vehicles (IoV) is proposed to address the dual challenges of low-latency service demands and energy conservation in the IoV. In the context of multivehicle single-cell scenarios on public roads, this study explores the task-offloading requirements of vehicles in motion and systematically investigates the allocation of computational resources. To fully utilize computing resources, this study not only considers the computing power of vehicles but also introduces a new approach for offloading tasks to vehicle servers traveling in the same direction or parked along the roadside as well as to edge servers in roadside units. This enables the effective integration and efficient sharing of computing resources, thereby remarkably enhancing the processing capabilities of the IoV. Furthermore, this study employs an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize offloading power and task allocation ratios. Extensive simulation tests revealed that the proposed method significantly reduced the energy consumption of vehicle tasks and improved the service quality and energy efficiency of the IoV.It helps to promote green transportation and sustainable development, and lays a solid foundation for energy optimization and efficiency improvement of future intelligent transportation systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical study on heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 in vertical tubes at far-critical points ZHAO Chongxin, CUI Jianbo, JIN Yanchao, HAN Yazhou, WU Gongpeng, HE Yan, WEI Zhenwen Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 83-95.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240036 Abstract （531）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （6387KB）（763）       Knowledge map    Supercritical CO2 plays an important role in many applications such as nuclear power generation, solar power generation, cryogenic refrigeration, and aerospace. Currently, the majority of studies on supercritical CO2 convective heat transfer in tubes focus on the temperature range near the critical point, while the heat transfer patterns at high temperature and pressure far from the critical point remain unclear and need to be further studied. In this study, numerical simulations were performed to analyze the effects of mass flow, inlet temperature, system pressure, heat flux density, and tube diameter on the convective heat transfer coefficient at high temperature and pressure, as well as the effects of buoyancy and flow acceleration caused by operating conditions on the heat transfer characteristics. The results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing mass flow, inlet temperature, system pressure, and heat flux density. The difference in convective heat transfer coefficient gradually grows along the flow direction under different heat flux densities. Convective heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing tube diameter. Compared with the heat transfer patterns near the critical point, heat flux density and tube diameter exert different effects on the convective heat transfer coefficient. In general, the effects of pressure on the convective heat transfer coefficient are small. This study provides significant values to understand the law of supercritical fluid heat transfer and guide the design of efficient and safe heat exchanger. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution of the wetland ecological pattern and systematic ecological restoration in the Yellow River Delta CUI Baoshan, XIE Tian, WANG Qing, CHEN Cong Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 1-12.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025016 Abstract （514）   HTML （72）    PDF（pc） （3307KB）（1312）       Knowledge map    The Yellow River Delta is a dynamic-equilibrium wetland system formed via the complex interactions between the Yellow River and the ocean across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Owing to the frequent shifts in the Yellow River’s course, the deltaic wetlands have undergone a cyclical evolution involving rapid formation, development, erosion or succession, and disappearance or remnant persistence. Under the combined stresses of intensive human activities and climate change, the Yellow River Delta is facing a series of challenges, including water and sediment variability, vegetation degradation, species invasion, habitat fragmentation, and functional decline. Many existing ecological problems have emerged throughout the evolutionary process of the delta’s wetlands, characterized by overlapping impacts across multiple spatial and temporal dimensions. Consequently, conservation and restoration strategies based on isolated timeframes, specific sites, or individual elements are increasingly showing limitations in mitigating habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation in the delta. This paper reviews extensive literature on ecological conservation and restoration in the Yellow River Delta, elucidating the influence mechanisms of biotic and abiotic disturbance factors on key ecological components, structures, and processes affecting the ecological functions of coastal wetlands. Moreover, it identifies the stability patterns of multifunctional wetland systems under multiple stressors, proposes an integrated optimization framework combining conservation, restoration, and regulation, and develops multiscale correlated and multiprocess coordinated conservation and restoration measures, thereby providing new insights for addressing ecosystem degradation in this region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study based on network pharmacology and experimental verification exploring the mechanism of quercetin against colorectal cancer through the p53 signaling pathway HAN Huijie, LIU Hui, ZHAO Yongbo, WANG Songpo Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 32-43.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240052 Abstract （510）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （4164KB）（526）       Knowledge map    Based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments, this study explores the molecular mechanism of quercetin against colorectal cancer through the p53 signaling pathway. The drug targets quercetin, and the disease targets colorectal cancer, which was obtained via the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Gene Cards database, respectively. The common drug and disease targets were mapped using a Venn diagram, and the protein-protein interaction network map was constructed with the help of the String database and Cytoscape_v3.7.2 software. At the same time, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, molecular docking, core target expression, and survival analysis were also performed. Finally, cell proliferation activity, level of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and changes in the expression of core targets and key proteins of the p53 pathway were detected through cellular experiments. Network pharmacology suggests that AKT1 and TP53 are the core targets of quercetin against colorectal cancer, GO and KEGG analysis demonstrate that quercetin is mainly involved in the PI3K/Akt and p53 signaling pathways, molecular docking demonstrates that quercetin exhibits strong binding activity with the core targets AKT1 and TP53, and TP53 is found to be both highly expressed in colorectal cancerand also affect the survival and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. The results of cellular experiments show that quercetin can inhibit the proliferation of HCT-116 cells, induce G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest in HCT-116 cells, and promote apoptosis. This mechanism may regulate core targets such as TP53 and AKT1, activate the p53 signaling pathway, participate in the proliferation and apoptosis of HCT-116 cells, and thus function to resist colorectal cancer. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of thermal insulation performance deterioration on the economy of steam pipelines CAO Kai, BAO Wenlong, ZHAO Kun, JIANG Haoyong, YIN Xinglei Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 74-82.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240063 Abstract （489）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （4079KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Currently, the steam pipelines in cigarette factories are characterized by numerous points, extensive lengths, and broad coverage. The thermal conversion factor of these pipelines is high, and their steam energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumption. Therefore, investigating the performance of the insulation layer of steam pipes is of considerable importance for improving steam utilization efficiency and reducing heat loss in the steam pipe network. In this study, the thermal conductivities of insulation layers made of four insulation materials were measured using the steady-state method at different temperatures to elucidate the relationship between the thermal conductivity of an insulation material and the steam temperature, thereby identifying the efficient insulation materials suitable for application scenarios. The appropriate insulation layer thickness was determined using the maximum allowable heat loss method and economic thickness method. Moreover, the thermal conductivities of insulation layers with different service lives were measured. Results indicate that the thermal conductivity increased linearly with the increasing service life. Factors causing the deterioration of insulation layer performance were incorporated into the model to study the relationship between the operating cost of an insulation layer and its outer diameter and service life. For insulation layers with different designed service lives, their optimal outer diameters and operating costs were calculated using the economic thickness method. Results show that considering material aging factors in the design of insulation layer thickness can reduce cumulative costs by 10.7% within the designed service life. However, when the service life expires, the operating cost of a design that considered the aging issue is higher than that of a design that did not consider the aging issue owing to increased heat loss as a result of aging of the insulation layer. The insulation layer can be designed to reduce steam heat loss and improve steam utilization efficiency as well as provide theoretical guidance for the green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of cigarette factories. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biotechnologies used for the remediation of oil-field soils ZHOU Chang, LIANG Heng, HUANG Lilong, ZHANG Xiaofei, WANG Jianing, SONG Fanyong, FU Xiaowen Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 41-52.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240142 Abstract （481）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （1588KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Petroleum contamination in oil-field soils poses significant risks to both regional environmental safty and human health. The use of biotechnologies for the remediation of contaminated oil-field soils offers advantages such as ecological sustainability, economic feasibility, and high efficiency. This paper reviews the research progress on various biotechnologies used for the remediation of contaminated oil-field soils. By descrribing the mechanisms and methods of various bioremediation technogies, the study analyzes and evaluates microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and their combined applications with surfactants, chemical oxidation, and electrokinetic remediation. It also highlights the importance of assessing the effectiveness of bioremediation strategies. This study provides valuable guidance for the promotion and application of bioremediation technologies aimed at improving the quality of oil-field soils and restoring the ecological environment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A precise highway toll prediction model based on iTransformer WANG Hengkun, GU Jin, SONG Zhifan, WANG Jiangfeng Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 120-128.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240055 Abstract （464）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （3068KB）（603）       Knowledge map    The prediction of highway tolls is affected by complex factors such as holidays and unexpected events. Traditional prediction methods often fail to fully account for intricate interactions between these multiple factors, resulting in less-than-ideal prediction accuracy. By leveraging the self-attention mechanism, large language models can better fit complex spatiotemporal data and have enhanced feature learning capabilities, making them highly effective for precise highway toll prediction. Therefore, this study proposes a highway toll prediction model based on iTransformer. This model embeds temporal information as an independent dimension into the input sequence and reverses the roles of the self-attention mechanism and feed-forward network, thereby allowing the model to more accurately capture the dynamic features of time series and correlations between multiple variables. Case studies show that the proposed model improves the average prediction accuracy by 23.47% and 17.84% compared with the SARIMA and LSTM models, respectively, in regular scenarios. In irregular scenarios, the model demonstrates even better predictive performance, improving the accuracy by 70.92% and 45.64%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed model indicates that it is highly sensitive to the number of feed-forward network layers and stacked encoder layers but is less sensitive to changes in the number of attention heads. Thus, this study provides a new methodological approach for addressing the challenges associated with toll prediction in complex traffic environments and has significant implications in terms of improving the accuracy of highway toll predictions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lane segmentation algorithm based on attention mechanism and dynamic snake convolution SONG Bailing, LI Xingyu, LIU Wei, DENG Junxi, MU Junqi Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 129-140.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240066 Abstract （443）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （5638KB）（138）       Knowledge map    Lane detection is a remarkable practical application of computer vision technology in the field of transportation. However, existing semantic segmentation network models still face certain challenges such as insufficient accuracy and blurred edges in road semantic segmentation tasks. To address these issues, an improved lane segmentation network architecture based on the UNet model is proposed. First, a dual attention module (DAM) is introduced in the skip connections of the UNet model, which prioritizes the importance of lane lines and effectively reduces noise interference. Additionally, dynamic snake convolution (DSConv) is employed to replace traditional convolution methods, enhancing the network’s lane detection ability. To enhance the comprehensiveness and accuracy of lane detection in underexposed or dark backgrounds, an improved adaptive Gamma correction method is introduced in the image preprocessing stage. Furthermore, atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) technology is introduced at the end of the encoder to enhance network performance. Experimental results show that this model achieves an accuracy of 98.93% on the TuSimple dataset while meeting real-time requirements. Compared to five other semantic segmentation-based lane detection algorithms, the proposed algorithm demonstrates superior recognition performance, thus validating its effectiveness. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Time-effect and dose-effect relationship study on the effect of Banxiaxiexin Decoction-containing serum on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells ZU Guoxiu, LIU Xijian, ZU Xiuli, TANG Jiqin, HUANG Hailiang, HAN Tao Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 9-22.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240035 Abstract （418）   HTML （29）    PDF（pc） （6203KB）（54）       Knowledge map    The pharmacological method of traditional Chinese medicine serum was used to explore the effect of Banxiaxiexin Decoction (BXD) on the proliferation of different gastric cancer cells in vitro. Additionally,the preparation conditions of BXD drug-containing serums were examined toobserve the pharmacodynamics of gastric cancer cells. Blood was collected at intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes after high, medium, and low intragastric gavage of BXD to prepare drug-containing serums. Based on the selected gavage doses and blood collection times, MGC803, MKN45, AGS, and HGC27 cells were exposed to 5%~50% concentrations of drug-containing serum, and CCK8 assay was employed to detect the inhibitory effects of different gavage doses, blood collection times, and volume fractions of BXD drug-containing serum on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. The test results showed that compared with other time points, all BXD drug-containing serums had the strongest inhibitory effect on gastric cancer cells at the blood collection time of 120 minutes. Compared with the low-dose BXD group, the medium-dose BXD group had a strong inhibitory effect on gastric cancer cells, and there was no significant difference between the medium-dose and high-dose BXD groups. Based on the analysis of the inhibitory effects of 10 concentrations ranging from 5% to 50% on different gastric cancer cells, the IC50 values of all drug-containing serums collected 120 minutes after gavage in the medium-dose BXD group were 20%. Analysis of the inhibitory effects of different gavage doses, blood collection times, and volume fractions on different gastric cancer cells revealed that a medium dose of BXD, blood collection time of 120 minutes,and a volume fraction of 20% had the strongest inhibitory effect on gastric cancer cells. Therefore, the medicated serum with a blood collection time of 120 minutes and a volume fraction of 20% in the medium-dose BXD group had the best pharmacodynamic effect on gastric cancer cells. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioinformatics-based verification of the mechanism of Haitongpi-Tougucao in inhibiting ferroptosis in inflammatory chondrocytes XU Mengyu, WU Tianju, HUANG Lu, LIU Xin, ZHAO Jiarong, YOU Yuanyuan Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 23-31.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240049 Abstract （413）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （2788KB）（389）       Knowledge map    Based on bioinformatics, this study validates the mechanism of action of Haitongpi-Tougucao (compound Haitongpi) in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ferroptosis in rat inflammatory chondrocytes. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the mechanism of action of ferroptosis in osteoarthritis and identify pathways for validation. The key techniques used were as follows: the detection of ferrous ion content and reduced glutathione (GSH) content using relevant kits; the detection of cell viability and the levels of related cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after dosing; and the use of protein immunoblotting (western blot, WB) to detect the protein expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, and GPX4, a gene that inhibits ferroptosis, related to the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in each group. The results revealed that the ferrous ion content was significantly decreased,while the GSH content was significantly increased; the ELISA experiment showed that the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were decreased in each group administered with the drug compared with those in the model group; the WB results showed that the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and ASC proteins were significantly decreased and GPX4 protein expression levels were significantly increased in each group administered with a specific dosage of the drug compared with those in the model group. Therefore, the compound Haitongpi can intervene in the ferroptosis of inflammatory chondrocytes by mediating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, thereby achieving the purpose of osteoarthritis treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and experimental validation of an underwater photon-counting three-dimensional imaging LiDAR system WANG Zhangjun, YU Yang, YE Dingmu, LI Hui, CHEN Chao, YU Changxin Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 64-71.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025052 Abstract （387）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （4086KB）（321）       Knowledge map    Underwater three-dimensional (3D) imaging light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems have the potential for accurately detecting underwater targets and mapping the seabed terrain, thus facilitating the development and utilization of marine resources. However, most existing underwater 3D imaging LiDAR systems suffer from large size and high power consumption, making them unsuitable for the operational requirements of underwater tasks. To overcome these issues, this study proposes a compact solution based on photon-counting technology that integrates single-point ranging with two-dimensional scanning to achieve 3D imaging. A compact underwater photon-counting 3D imaging LiDAR system was developed by optimizing optical and mechanical design, resulting in a device with a diameter of 165 mm and a length of 340 mm, considerably improving portability and underwater adaptability. A dual-axis synchronous scanning control method was implemented based on FPGA to achieve a scanning accuracy at the nanosecond level, ensuring precise alignment between the emitted pulse and measured target point. Laboratory water tank experiments revealed that the system has a detection capability exceeding 3.1 attenuation lengths. Furthermore, this system was used for underwater 3D imaging of a thruster model that validates its centimeter-level ranging accuracy. Owing to its strong compatibility, this system can be integrated into various underwater mobile platforms and holds strong potential for applications such as seabed topographic mapping, underwater cultural heritage detection, and underwater target identification. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of TiO2/coal gasification slag composites via the ball milling method and their photocatalytic properties SUN Jing, HAN Jintai, SHEN Tingting, WANG Chen, FENG Qing, LIU Ruobing Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 80-88.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025018 Abstract （358）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （3511KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Coal gasification slag is a solid waste generated during coal chemical production and accounts for a notable proportion of solid wastes. Leveraging the natural properties (e.g., high specific surface area and pore volume) and compositional characteristics (rich in carbon) of coal gasification slag, this study used the mechanical ball milling method to composite coal gasification slag using a conventional photocatalyst titanium dioxide (TiO2) for broadening the photocatalytic response range of TiO2. Dye wastewater was used as the treatment object to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the resulting composite material. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the optimal process conditions for the catalytic degradation of a methylene blue (MB) solution by the TiO2/coal gasification slag composite material. Results show that under visible-light conditions, the degradation efficiency of the developed composite material (TiO2∶slag ratio of 90∶10) is higher than those of anatase TiO2, P25, and the coal gasification slag/P25 composite material. Infrared characterization and free-radical quenching experiments indicated that coal gasification slag and TiO2 effectively bonded through Ti—O—Si bonds, expanding the photocatalytic response range of TiO2 and increasing the photocatalytic reaction contact area. In addition, hydroxyl radicals were identified as the primary active substances responsible for degrading MB. Compared with anatase TiO2, the catalytic efficiency of the composite material increased by 4.96 times. Furthermore, its catalytic degradation efficiency remained above 90% after three cycles, indicating that the TiO2/coal gasification slag composite material has excellent degradation efficiency and stability. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on local standards for pollution control and resource utilization of bulk industrial solid waste in Shandong Province YIN Chengyue, LI Jian, YANG Yanfeng, SHAO Yingying, ZHU Ying Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 53-61.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025001 Abstract （354）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （2473KB）（354）       Knowledge map    Key tasks in the construction of a “waste-free city” in Shandong Province are to formulate local regulations for solid-waste pollution prevention and control and to enhance the local standard system for solid-waste resource utilization. This study reviews the generation volume, comprehensive utilization rate, and industry-specific distribution of bulk industrial solid waste in Shandong Province in 2023. This study also investigates the current status of local standards for the resource utilization of bulk industrial solid waste across different provinces(autonomous regions) in China. Based on this comparative analysis, this study identifies existing issues in the local standard system for the resource utilization of bulk industrial solid waste in Shandong Province and proposes targeted countermeasures. These recommendations enhance pollution prevention and promote the establishment of a comprehensive local standard system for bulk industrial solid-waste resource utilization in Shandong Province. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fusion of mesoscale eddy data for the South China Sea SHI Zhenjia, HAO Zengzhou, LI Yunzhou, YE Feng, HUANG Haiqing, PAN Delu Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 99-108.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025039 Abstract （322）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （3393KB）（464）       Knowledge map    Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous in the ocean and play a key role in the transport of oceanic energy and matter. Current observation methods for mesoscale eddies includesatellite remote sensing, buoy tracking, and research vessel surveys. Each of these methods offer sdistinct scales and perspectives, resulting in varying mesoscale information standards and characteristics.Based on three mesoscale eddy datasets obtained using different methods, this study proposes a two-stage fusion strategy to generatea fused mesoscale eddy dataset for the South China Sea. Moreover,it analyzes the spatial distribution of mesoscale eddy centers in the South China Sea from 2014 to 2018.Results reveal that the fused dataset effectively mitigates issues such as over identification, omission, and misidentification found in single-source observations. Additionally, the fused dataset accurately reflects the wide spread spatial distribution of mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea, the substantial local aggregation of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, and clear partitioning between cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. Furthermore, the fused dataset for the South can offerreliable data support for studies related totrajectory tracking of mesoscale eddies, inferring their three-dimensional structures, and understanding mesoscale oceanic phenomena and circulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes from land-based mariculture areas in coastal Zhejiang province DU Yiwei, LI Xiaoguang, LIN Tian Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 109-117.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240155 Abstract （319）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （2323KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Understanding nutrient flux in aquaculture systems is critical for sustainable coastal environmental management. This study comprehensively investigated nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in land-based mariculture across four coastal cities of Zhejiang province: Ningbo, Taizhou, Wenzhou, and Zhoushan, utilizing data from 1 018 sampling points at marine outfalls. Elemental concentration analyses revealed total nitrogen levels ranging from 0.015 to 36.000 mg/L, with total phosphorus concentrations between 0.005 and 2.860 mg/L. Notably, over 90% of the samples remained within Category II of the Zhejiang Province Mariculture Tailwater Discharge Standards, indicating relatively controlled nutrient emissions. Employing both chemical analysis and pollution discharge coefficient methodologies, we estimated the annual nutrient flux from land-based mariculture tailwaters. Chemical analysis methods indicated annual total nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes of 2 969.2 t and 83.6 t, respectively. Significantly, the third and fourth quarters contributed 84.4% of the annual nutrient flux, coinciding with peak harvesting periods and influenced by complex hydrodynamic factors including oceanic currents and Yangtze River dilution waters. Comparative analysis between methodological approaches revealed substantial discrepancies, with pollution discharge coefficient methods estimating higher annual fluxes(4 634.3 t nitrogen and 801.4 t phosphorus). These variations suggest considerable nutrient sequestration within bottom sediments, presenting potential long-term environmental implications. The continuous accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in sedimentary environments raises critical concerns about secondary nutrient release mechanisms and escalating eutrophication risks in adjacent marine ecosystems. These findings underscore the necessity for sophisticated nutrient management strategies in coastal mariculture systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of carbon-to-nitrogen ratio on the proliferation of typical salt-tolerant microorganisms WANG Chen, LU Yaxin, LI Xiaoyong, ZHANG Jiayi, XU Letian, FENG Qing Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 73-79.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240128 Abstract （316）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （1515KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus thuringiensis and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans are three typical salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (ST-PGPR) known for their ability to alleviate salt stress in plants. To optimize the nutritional conditions for the growth and proliferation of these strains, experiment of single factor method was used to investigate the effects of different carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (nC/nN) on their development. The results showed that all three strains could grow and reproduce in a medium with a nC/nN of 3.25~6.00. However, the nC/nN had varying effects on their proliferation, i.e., the most significant impact was observed on the proliferation of velezensis, followed by thuringiensis and frigoritolerans. When the nC/nN was 4:1, velezensis exhibited the highest proliferation, with a viable bacterial count of 6.2 × 108 CFU/mL. Similarly, thuringiensis achieved its highest proliferation at a nC/nN of 4:1, with a viable bacterial count of 5.1 × 108 CFU/mL. Conversely, frigoritolerans achieved its highest proliferation at a nC/nN of 5:1, with a viable bacterial count of 3.5 × 108 CFU/mL. In conclusion, the optimal nC/nN for the proliferation of velezensis and thuringiensis is 4:1, whereas that for frigoritolerans is 5:1. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status of contamination of environmental and food samples with pharmaceutical and personal care products and sample pretreatment analytical techniques MA Jinyan, ZHAO Rusong Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 28-40.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240114 Abstract （311）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （2247KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Residues of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are an emerging class of organic contaminants known for their endocrine-disrupting properties, pseudo-persistence, and ecotoxicity. Because of their wide application in the medical, animal husbandry, and cosmetic industries, PPCPs have been frequently detected in surface water, groundwater, industrial sludge, and even food such as milk in recent years, raising significant concerns about their safety. However, because PPCPs are present at very low concentrations in real samples and are affected by complex matrix effects, direct quantitative analysis is challenging. Therefore, before instrumental analysis, effective sample pretreatment methods are required for the enrichment analysis of PPCPs. In recent years, many novel materials have been developed for the extraction of trace contaminants. First, this paper provides a systematic introduction to the hazards and contamination status of PPCPs, followed by a detailed discussion of the contamination of two typical PPCPs: bisphenols and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Second, it lists several sample pretreatment techniques, highlighting the application of novel adsorbent materials in PPCP analysis and detection, while also exploring the development trends of these new adsorbent materials. Finally, the paper summarizes the obstacles and challenges that may be encountered in the analysis and detection of PPCPs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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LiDAR-based monitoring of diurnal-nocturnal oceanic carbon flux CHEN Peng, LI Yunzhou, ZHANG Siqi, ZHANG Zhenhua, PAN Delu Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 14-24.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240143 Abstract （304）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （2182KB）（353）       Knowledge map    Oceanic carbon flux constitutes a critical component of the global carbon cycle and fundamentally informs climate change modeling and prediction. The advent of light detection and ranging(LiDAR) remote sensing has gradually revolutionized oceanic carbon flux measurements by providing high spatiotemporal resolutions, precision, and real-time monitoring capabilities. This review evaluates recent advances in LiDAR-based monitoring of diurnal-nocturnal oceanic carbon flux dynamics. We examine the fundamental principles, methodological approaches, and technical challenges associated with LiDAR applications in carbon flux quantification across the air-sea interface. Additionally, we identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to enhance the efficacy of LiDAR technology in characterizing temporal variability in oceanic carbon sequestration. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of Ru/Ce-Al catalyst and evaluation of its ammonia-decomposition-induced hydrogen production performance and fuel cell application WANG Jianmei, SI Hongyu, DR. KOSCHANY Arthur Ernest, WANG Juncheng, LI Yunzhou, XU Aihua Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 90-98.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025041 Abstract （304）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （3089KB）（51）       Knowledge map    To meet the rapid response requirements of distributed energy supply systems for dynamic hydrogen production rates, a Ru/Ce-Al catalyst was prepared using a precipitation-hydrothermal method. This method addresses the challenge of maintaining dynamic stability in ammonia-decomposition-induced hydrogen production units under variable load conditions. Characterization techniques, such as XRD, NH3-TPD, and H2-TPR, were used to reveal the systematic regulation mechanism by which Al3+ doping in CeO2 and the Ce/Al stoichiometric ratio influence the evolution of oxygen vacancies in the support; in addition, their ammonia-decomposition-induced hydrogen production performance were investigated. The results show that Al3+ doping induces the formation of a Ce-Al-O solid solution, which optimizes the distribution of oxygen vacancies on the support surface through strong metal-support interactions (SMSIs), thereby enhancing the dispersion of active metal Ru. At a space velocity of 15 000 h-1 and reaction temperature of 525 ℃, the Ru/3Ce-Al catalyst achieved an ammonia-conversion efficiency of 93%. Its balanced performance over a wide temperature range (500 ℃ -550 ℃) effectively excessive minimized reaction rates at high temperatures that could lead to catalyst sintering. After 100 h of operation, the catalyst maintained an ammonia-conversion efficiency of 91.8%. An ammonia-hydrogen fuel-cell-based energy supply system, constructed using this catalyst, exhibited power, voltage, and current fluctuations of only 2.3%, 1.1%, and 0.6%, respectively, under a 2 kW load. Furthermore, in step-load tests (0.22 kW→0.45 kW→0.22 kW), the system demonstrated rapid power and current responses with pressure fluctuations below 5‰. This result verified its dynamic response capability and operational stability in complex environments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimizing vertical track alignment considering metro train control FAN Cong Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 105-119.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240062 Abstract （297）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （4801KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Energy-saving metro train control is closely related to the vertical track alignment (VTA) design, and both have a significant impact on operating costs. To further reduce operating costs based on optimized train control, this study proposed a collaborative optimization model for the VTA design phase. This model optimizes the bidirectional train control strategy and VTA of a metro section with the goal of minimizing energy consumption and maintenance costs simultaneously, while adhering to the constraints of scheduled train control and the requirements of the "Metro Design Code." Given the numerous factors affecting the maintenance costs of wheels and rails, a train-track dynamic simulation model was developed to calculate these costs. Based on this, an algorithm combining the pseudospectral method and brute force search was designed to solve the collaborative optimization model. The effectiveness of this optimization method was validated using three sections of the Guangzhou metro line. The results indicate that, compared to the method of optimizing scheduled train control alone on the actual VTA, the collaborative optimization model is more effective in saving operating costs, reducing the average operating costs by 21% across the studied sections. This study can provide novel approaches and theoretical support to further reduce metro operating costs, which contributes to promoting sustainable development of metro. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the composition design and performance of Al-Ni-Re micro-alloyed hot-dip galvanized coating GUO Lei, LIU Changchun, ZHANG Jing, YIN Ziqiang, LI Bo Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 44-52.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240069 Abstract （293）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （4543KB）（56）       Knowledge map    To improve the corrosion resistance of traditional pure Zn coatings, we used 30 mm diameter Q195 welded pipes as the substrate and prepared a series of hot-dip galvanized alloy coatings by adding trace amounts of alloy elements such as Al, Ni, and Re to the Zn bath. First, the main factors affecting corrosion resistance were identified through a four-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment. Then, the experiment was further improved for the primary factors, and single-factor experiments were conducted to obtain the optimal parameter combination. Finally, the microstructure characteristics and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied and analyzed using methods such as high and low temperature humidity test, neutral salt spray test, metallographic analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that the introduction of alloying elements suppresses the growth of ζ layer, which makes the coating structure compact, and improves the corrosion resistance of the coating. The coating prepared in this study could remain rustless throughout a 72 h salt spray test and a 120 h humidity test. The process for preparing the alloy coating is same as the existing production process for traditional Zn coatings. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction and analysis of fabric drape coefficient based on genetic-algorithm optimized BP neural network XING Hao, ZHANG Ruiyun, XU Tengfei, JI Feng Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 53-63.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240039 Abstract （293）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2982KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Although regression analysis can predict some drape indicators, they have problems such as low prediction accuracy and the inability to calculate some indicators. To overcome these issues, this study proposes a new method using genetic algorithm to optimize BP neural network (GA-BP neural network) to improve the prediction accuracy of real fabric drape. In this study, we designed a GA-BP neural network model, selected 100 pure cotton woven fabric samples from the fabric database, including 80 training samples, 10 test samples, and 10 validation samples, used the genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of the neural network, and used correlation analysis to optimize sample input parameters to improve the prediction performance of the model. The results of the drape coefficient prediction for the 10 test samples show that compared with the traditional BP neural network, the average absolute percentage error of the BP neural network optimized by the genetic algorithm decreased from 12.74% to 7.03%. Furthermore, we used an empirical equation to identify error cycles and concluded that the optimal number of hidden layer nodes is 9. This study indicates that the GA-BP neural network can effectively improve the accuracy of fabric drape prediction and has important application value for the virtualization of fabric drape performance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A review on water quality remote sensing technology based on domestic Gaofen series satellites GU Ping, WANG Pengjie, WANG Guoliang, XU Shengrong, ZHAO Ran, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Xiaolei, YAN Xincheng, GAO Yunfeng, WANG Na Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 40-50.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240074 Abstract （292）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （1233KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Water quality monitoring and assessment are crucial for sustainable use of water resources and the preservation of aquatic ecosystems. Remote sensing technology, with its unique capability for long-distance detection, offers rapid, efficient, wide-coverage, and high-precision monitoring, and it is particularly suitable for large-scale, dynamic water environment surveillance. In recent years, China has made remarkable progress in the field of remote sensing satellite technology. The successful deployment and continuous high-quality data output of the domestic high-resolution satellite series have brought new opportunities for realizing advanced water quality monitoring. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the current applications of data obtained from the Gaofen satellite series for water quality monitoring, focusing on the remote-sensing inversion of key water-quality parameters. Furthermore, it outlines future research directions, including the integration of multi-source data, optimization of algorithms and models, and the development of theoretical models. This study provides detailed references for the future development and research on water quality monitoring using domestic satellites. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Validation of satellite scatterometer-derived sea-surface wind fields based on ocean buoy data LI Yunzhou, ZHOU Maosheng, ZHU Lin, YU Dingfeng, HAO Zengzhou, LI Min, WANG Juncheng, PAN Delu Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 1-13.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240149 Abstract （292）   HTML （36）    PDF（pc） （5790KB）（613）       Knowledge map    Sea-surface wind fields are critical parameters in marine environments, influencing ocean circulation, meteorology, and climate dynamics. To assess the accuracy of satellite-derived ocean wind products and characterize their error distribution, this study validates sea-surface wind field retrievals using a combination of satellite remote sensing and ocean buoy measurements. Wind field estimates from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) aboard the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites’ MetOp series were compared against buoy observations from four buoy database including the U.S. National Data Buoy Center, et al. over the 2013—2022 period. Following data preprocessing and spatiotemporal collocation, statistical metrics—including mean bias, root-mean-square error, and correlation coefficients—were employed to evaluate ASCAT wind field accuracy. Results indicate strong agreement between ASCAT-derived and buoy-measured wind fields, with correlation coefficients of 0.928 for wind speed and 0.867 for wind direction. The standard deviation of wind speed is 0.889 m/s, while that of wind direction is 22.168°. Among buoy networks, NDBC sites exhibited the most stable wind speed and direction deviations. This validation study enhances the reliability of satellite-derived wind fields, contributing to improved weather forecasting, climate research, ocean engineering, and disaster warning systems. Additionally, the findings support the continuous refinement of satellite payloads and retrieval algorithms. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of the extraction process for organic acid components obtained from Lonicera japonica Thunb. using response surface methodology LI Wanying, WANG Haiyan, WANG Huicheng, ZHANG Peng, Fang Lei Shandong Science    2025, 38 (4): 1-7.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240053 Abstract （283）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （2378KB）（92）       Knowledge map    The extraction rate of organic acid components was used as an indicator to investigate the effects of extraction process parameters, namely, extraction temperature, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio, and particle size on the extraction results using the water extraction method. A response surface model was established using a Box-Behnken design to optimize the extraction process parameters for organic acid components from Lonicera japonica Thunb. with temperature, time, and solid-liquid ratio as factors. Results show that the optimal extraction process for organic acid components from Lonicera japonica Thunb. comprise an extraction temperature of 72 ℃, an extraction time of 90 min, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g∶40 mL. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of organic acid components can reach 5.16% with a relative error of 0.96% compared to the theoretical value. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A computational biology-based study on the mechanism of drug-induced liver injury in patients prescribed traditional Chinese medicine treatments containing Polygonum multiflorum XI Wei, XU Long, JING Fanbo, CAO Mingchen, LI Lei, ZHANG Chunhui, DENG Ruitong Shandong Science    2025, 38 (4): 14-27.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240081 Abstract （276）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （6188KB）（737）       Knowledge map    Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common adverse drug reactions. Therefore, using computational biology and artificial intelligence modeling to explore the material basis and mechanisms underlying adverse drug reactions from traditional Chinese medicine compounds is of great significance in enhancing the safety of clinical medication. In this study, we retrieved the chemical composition and target information of Compound Polygonum multiflorum and Rehmannia glutinosa Pills (CPRP), along with DILI-related targets. A CPRP-DILI protein-protein interaction network containing 362 nodes and 1 518 interactions was constructed based on this information. Gene ontology analysis indicated that in terms of molecular function CPRP-DILI primarily involves reactions to chemical substances, chemical stimuli, and organic compounds. Cellular components are primarily localized to the extracellular region, plasma membrane, and cell surface. The biological processes of CPRP-DILI involve the binding of enzymes, proteins, small molecules, and signaling receptors. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes signaling pathway analysis revealed the involvement of the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. The key miRNAs in the miRNA regulatory network include hsa-mir-34a-5p and has-mir-155-5p. The HubGenes of the two core subnetworks include AKT1, CTNNB1, MAPK3, HIF1A, JUN, TP53, and STAT3. The clinical drugs associated with DILI include antitumor drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and immunosuppressants. Fourteen high-risk DILI compounds were predicted to be present in CPRP, including emodin, rhein, and gallic acid. The chemical components in CPRP may affect certain biological pathways in susceptible populations, interfering with hepatic angiogenesis and autophagy balance, thereby impeding liver repair processes and exacerbating liver injury. The chemical compounds may also exhibit cross-hepatotoxicity with pyrimidine-containing antitumor drugs, NSAIDs, and immunosuppressants, suggesting that caution is needed when co-administering CPRP with the aforementioned drugs in clinical settings. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatiotemporal evolution and trend analysis of suspended sediment mass concentration in the Yellow River Estuary and adjacent sea areas using Google Earth Engine FAN Qianyi, LIU Fangyuan, JI Zelu, BIAN Xiaodong, YU Dingfeng, ZHAO Xinqi Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 51-63.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025024 Abstract （275）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （11832KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Suspended sediment mass concentration (ρSSC) is a key indicator of estuarine water quality, influencing water transparency, turbidity, nearshore ecosystems, and shoreline stability. In this study, ρSSC dynamics in the Yellow River Estuary and adjacent sea areas were analyzed from 1984 to 2024 using satellite remote sensing data processed on the Google Earth Engine platform. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution patterns, long-term trends, and primary drivers of ρSSC changes. Over the 41-year period, ρSSC exhibited a general declining trend, with low-ρSSC waters increasingly dominant. High Suspended sediment mass concentration regions became more localized near the coast, primarily in southern Bohai Bay and the southwestern coast of Laizhou Bay, forming a banded distribution. Theil-Sen Median slope estimation and Mann-Kendall trend analysis revealed significant ρSSC increases in the Qingba waterway and artificial distributary channels, whereas significant decreases were observed in the Qingshui Ditch area. Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay showed a slight upward trend overall. Human interventions, particularly river course diversions, significantly influenced ρSSC patterns: historical high Suspended sediment mass concentration estuarine zones contracted, whereas new high Suspended sediment mass concentration zones expanded seaward following each diversion. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the role and mechanism of soluble dietary fiber in a mouse constipation model and constipated human population XIE Yao, ZHANG Zhifei, WANG Quanbo, MU Yan Shandong Science    2025, 38 (4): 28-38.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240100 Abstract （270）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （3269KB）（211）       Knowledge map    In order to study the role and mechanism of soluble dietary fiber in alleviating constipation, this study utilized 16S rRNA sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting methods in a mouse model of constipation. From various aspects of intestinal microecology, such as the distribution of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid metabolites, and the intestinal epithelial barrier, this study explored the role and molecular mechanism of soluble dietary fiber in alleviating constipation in mice. The alleviating effect of soluble dietary fiber on constipation was further confirmed in human trials. This study found that soluble dietary fiber significantly alleviated the symptoms of constipation in mice and humans. The mechanisms of action are as follows: increasing the number of probiotics such as Parabacteroides and Ligilactobacillus in the intestinal tract of mice; promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids such as acetic acid; and significantly improving the expression of genes encoding the production of intestinal tight junction proteins, along with proteins themselves, which are involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. The results indicate that soluble dietary fiber has good alleviating effects on constipation in mice and humans, which is achieved through the production of short-chain fatty acids, the improvement of the gut microbiota, and the enhancement of the intestinal barrier. This study further confirms the value of soluble dietary fiber for application in constipated populations, providing a scientific basis for intestinal research and product development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on the chemical constituents of the Dioscorea spongiosa LIU Wei, YU Jinqian, DONG Hongjing, BOTIROV Erkin Khozhiakbarovich, GUSAKOVA Svetlana Dmitrievna, WANG Xiao Shandong Science    2025, 38 (4): 8-13.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240071 Abstract （270）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （1142KB）（107）       Knowledge map    The chemical compositions of Dioscorea spongiosa were investigated using macroporous resin, MCI column chromatography, gel column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI-MS. Ten compounds were isolated from Dioscorea spongiosa, which were identified as three aromatic compounds: diosniponol C (1), 3,5-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybibenzyl (9), P-hydroxyphenyl butanone (10);two saponin analogues: methyl protodioscin (2), protogracillin (6); three diarylheptanoids: (3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane 3-β-D-glucopyranoside (5); one alkaloid: cyclo(l-Pro-l-Leu)(7); one sterols: β-sitosterol(8), of which compounds (3~5),(7),(9) were isolated from Dioscorea spongiosa for the first time. In this study, the chemical constituents of 70% ethanol extract of Dioscorea spongiosa were systematically isolated, which enriched the chemical composition and laid the foundation for the comprehensive development of Dioscorea spongiosa. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of self-crossover discrepancies in observed sea surface height using SWOT satellites and influencing factors DENG Yanfen, ZHANG Xiaojie, JIANG Yunyun, ZHAO Jianli Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 34-39.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025040 Abstract （269）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （1701KB）（225）       Knowledge map    Using Level-2 low-rate expert-level data obtained from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellites, this study calculates the positions of crossover points using a gridding method, quantitatively analyzes self-crossover discrepancies, and investigates the impacts of various factors—the time difference between the crossover points, crossover distance, distance from the coast, and latitude—on these discrepancies.Results show that in most regions, discrepancies fall within the range of -0.2 m to 0.2 m, indicating good data consistency, although notable discrepancies are observed in specific regions. Further analysis reveals that the distance between the crossover points has a minimal impact on discrepancies; discrepancies near the coastline are relatively dispersed, while those observed in regions farther from the coastline tend to decrease and stabilize. In high-latitude regions, discrepancies decrease. The time difference shows a certain degree of dispersion in its influence on discrepancies. In a certain range (within 2 km), the distance between the crossover points has a minimal impact on discrepancies. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for improving the accuracy and reliability of altimetry data obtained from SWOT satellites. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative analysis of seven major ginsenoside components of Panaxquinquefolius L. from different origins ZHU Heng, DING Hui, WANG Xiao, LI Lili Shandong Science    2025, 38 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240118 Accepted: 23 September 2025 Online available: 23 September 2025 Abstract （265）   HTML （111）    PDF（pc） （2346KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Panaxquinquefolius L. is a medicine-food homology used in traditional Chinese medicine，of which ginsenosides are an important active component.The ginsenoside content of Panaxquinquefolius L. is closely related to its quality. Due to the effects of the geographical environment，the ginsenoside content of Panaxquinquefolius L.from different origins varies. Based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，this study established a quantitative analysis method for seven major ginsenoside components，through which the content of 27 batches of samples from domestic and foreign origin swasanalyzed. The results showed that the contents of ginsenosides Rb1，Re，Rg1，Rd，Ro，and the pseudoginsenoside F11 were highest in the Panaxquinquefolius L. produced in Canada. The contents of the ginsenosides Rb1，Rg1，Rd，and Ro in the Panaxquinquefolius L. produced in the United States were higher than those from the three domestic production origins （Jilin，Shandong，and Liaoning province）. The contents of the ginsenoside Re and the pseudoginsenoside F11 in Panaxquinquefolius L.produced in Shandong were higher than those produced in the United States. The contents of the rare ginsenoside Rg3 in the Panaxquinquefolius L. produced in Jilin and Liaoning were higher than that of the United States and Canada. This study revealed the differences in the content of seven ginsenosides in Panaxquinquefolius L. with foreign and domestic production origins，thereby providing technical support forquality control and improving quality standards for Panaxquinquefolius L. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An automatic method based on a POT model for the identification of high-value points of oil and gas loss in the process of oilfield surface production YUAN Zishang, WAN Yong, ZHAN Zihao, FAN Lu, DAI Yongshou Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 100-108.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240099 Abstract （262）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （2489KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Under the “dual carbon” goals, high carbon emitting enterprises in industries, such as petrochemicals, are undergoing a low-carbon transformation and are reducing their carbon emissions, which have grown to become an important development trend. Oil and gas losses account for a large proportion of the total energy consumption in the petrochemical industry. In this study, focusing on the inability to automatically identify the high-value points of loss because of the change in the law of oil and gas loss data, a method for automatically identifying the high-value points of oil and gas loss based on the peak over threshold (POT) model is proposed. First, accounting of oil and gas losses was conducted in 35 links of an oil producing reservoir in Shengli Oilfield. Second, according to the leptokurtic distribution characteristics of the accounting data, the oil and gas loss tail data were segmented using the POT model and fitted with its probability distribution function (PDF). The corresponding high-value points of oil and gas losses in the PDF were identified according to the 3σ principle. Finally, the results determine the threshold of high-value points to be 869.34 m3/d, and the identification accuracy of high-value points to be 0.986, accuracy greater than other traditional methods. Therefore, the proposed method is conducive to the efficient development of loss control methods. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on ecological effect evaluation in the identification of ecological and environmental damage LENG Yuning, SUN Ting, WANG Lisha, ZHAO Miaomiao, QU Zhengjun, HUANG Lihui, GAO Zhenhui Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 117-125.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240151 Abstract （253）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （2067KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Ecological effect evaluation is a critical component in ecological and environmental damage assessment, providing an essential foundation for ecological damage compensation and restoration efforts. We systematically analyze ecological effect evaluation indictors, assessment methodologies, and damage identification pathways through a comprehensive literature review. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the established model in scientifically assessing the impact of pollutants on ecosystem service value, offering both methodological references and practical insights for similar research in other regions, with significant theoretical and applied implications. To address existing challenges, we propose improvements in optimizing ecological evaluation methodologies, refining technical frameworks, establishing cross-sectoral coordination mechanisms, and developing professional expertise. The principles and strategies proposed in this paper aim to enhance the scientific rigor and accuracy of ecological assessments, advance the standardization of ecological and environmental damage assessment systems, and provide valuable references for future research in related fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Path planning for unmanned surface vehicles based on an improved bidirectional RRT* algorithm WANG Xingmin, LIU Ruixue, LI Qian, ZHANG Weizhong, DONG Wei Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 132-138.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025042 Abstract （253）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （3626KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Oceans are not only super-ecosystems but also strategic resource reservoirs, and thus, ocean monitoring is crucial. Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are new types of multifunctional unmanned platforms for ocean monitoring, and path planning plays a crucial role as a core technology in their operation. With the continuous increase in maritime traffic density and upgrading of navigation safety standards, traditional path planning methods are facing growing challenges in adapting to complex environments. In this study, a multidimensional improvement strategy is proposed to address the limitations of the bidirectional rapidly-exploring random tree star(Bi-RRT*) algorithm in USV path planning. First, an adaptive step-size adjustment mechanism, based on environmental feature perception, is established; second, a key node selection strategy is designed; and finally, Bezier curves are used to smooth the generated path, producing a smoother trajectory that better meets the kinematic requirements of USVs. Simulation results show that the improved bidirectional RRT* algorithm outperforms its traditional counterpart in terms of node-generation efficiency, overall performance, and path smoothness. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of seed persistence of resource plants to shallow groundwater hydrological conditions in the Yellow River Delta FENG Lu, LI Lijie, XUE Qi, SUN Yu, WANG Qi, JIA Hui, SUN Lin Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 62-72.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240132 Abstract （247）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （5927KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Sea level rise and anthropogenic activities significantly affect the hydrological conditions of shallow groundwater in coastal wetlands. It is unclear how seed persistence responds to changes in the hydrological conditions of shallow groundwater. Seeds from four wild-resource plant species, Phragmites australis, Suaeda salsa, Chenopodium glaucum, and Cynanchum chinense, from coastal areas of the Yellow River Delta were selected for the study. Using indoor simulation methods, we investigated differences in seed persistence at two shallow groundwater levels (moist and saturated habitats), four gradients of shallow groundwater salinity, and under dry conditions based on mean germination time, germinability index, and viability index. Overall, mean germination time, seed germinability index, and viability index were consistent in evaluating seed persistence. The response trends of seed persistence of different plants to shallow groundwater level and salinity were different. Seed persistence was stronger in dry and saturated habitats than in moist habitats. Compared with storage in moist habitats, the seed persistence of P. australis, S. salsa, and C. glaucum was significantly stronger in saturated habitats (P<0.05). The effects of shallow groundwater salinity on seed persistence varied with changes in shallow groundwater level. In moist habitats, based on germinability index and viability index, seed persistence of S. salsa, C. glaucum, and C. chinense increased with the increase in shallow groundwater salinity. However, these trends did not exist when the seeds were in saturated habitats. The results will provide a scientific basis for the protection of resources in the degraded wetlands of the Yellow River Delta. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of issues in identification of plant damage caused by environmental pollution ZHAO Miaomiao, SUN Ting, WANG Lisha, QU Zhengjun, LENG Yuning, HUANG Lihui, GAO Zhenhui Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 126-133.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240153 Abstract （241）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （1783KB）（161）       Knowledge map    With the rapid economic and social development, environmental pollution and ecological damage have become increasingly severe. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, China has initiated the establishment of an ecological and environmental damage compensation system and made significant progress. Biodiversity is fundamental to human survival and development, and environmental pollution is a major cause of the loss of plant diversity. This study examines the impact of environmental pollution on plant damage assessment and identification, highlighting key challenges in the assessment process, including causality judgment, quantification of physical damage, and valuation of damage. It also discusses the critical aspects of plant damage assessment and proposed recommendations, such as strengthening fundamental research, innovating damage assessment techniques, and improving the assessment system. The study aims to enhance the scientific rigor and accuracy of plant damage assessment, thus contributing to the development of an ecological and environmental damage assessment standard system, safeguarding public environmental rights, and promoting ecological civilization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatiotemporal variation in raft-based kelp aquaculture in Heiniwan Bay using a remote sensing and monitoring technique LI Xin, HAO Zengzhou, LI Yunzhou, HUANG Haiqing, PAN Delu Shandong Science    2025, 38 (3): 25-33.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025036 Abstract （239）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （4658KB）（126）       Knowledge map    Accurate assessment of the scale and distribution of offshore marine aquaculture is critical for effective management, spatial planning, and ecological protection. This study employed high-resolution Sentinel-2A/2B satellite imagery, a U-Net deep learning model for automatic feature extraction, and human-computer interactive correction to map the spatial extent of raft-based kelp farming in Heiniwan Bay from 2016 to 2024. The analysis revealed a three-phase development trajectory in the aquaculture area over the nine-year period. Spatial distribution exhibited a stable “north-south agglomeration with central sparsity” pattern. The observed spatiotemporal dynamics reflect the combined influence of technological advancements, policy interventions, and natural environmental conditions. These findings offer a robust scientific basis for optimizing aquaculture zoning, adaptive management strategies, and ecological governance in coastal regions with comparable aquaculture practices and environmental settings. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics