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Survey of underwater biological object detection methods based on deep learning YU Yu, GUO Baoqi, CHU Shibo, LI Heng, YANG Pengru Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 1-7.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.001 Abstract （361）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （1695KB）（542）       Knowledge map    Save Underwater biological object detection is crucial for aquaculture, endangered species protection,and ecological environment monitoring. This study comprehensively analyzes the applications of various deep learning methods in underwater biological object detection. The commonly used underwater biological object detection datasets are introduced. The state-of-the-art underwater biological object detection methods are classified, analyzed, and summarized by two stages and one stage. The actual applications of various detection methods are thoroughly described, and the advantages and disadvantages of their optimization strategies are analyzed and summarized. Future works in the field of underwater biological object detection based on deep learning are presented. This study provides a reference basis for researchers in the field of underwater biological object detection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploringtrait genes and predicting the targeted Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis based on bioinformatics and machine learning LIANG Jiahao, ZHANG Xinhui, WANG Hai Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 56-67.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.008 Abstract （227）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （2803KB）（142）       Knowledge map    Save For the identification of potential biomarkers for ulcerative colitis (UC) and prediction of their targeted traditional Chinese medicines, datasets containing human UC and healthy control tissues (GSE179285, GSE206285, and GSE87466) were downloaded from the GEO database. The GSE179285 and GSE206285 datasets were merged, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC and healthy control tissues were screened using the limma R package. The LASSO regression model and SVM-RFE (support vector machine recursive feature elimination) algorithm were used to identify core biomarkers. The GSE87466 dataset was used as a validation cohort, and the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. CIBERSORT was used to investigate the immune infiltration characteristics in UC, and the correlation between potential biomarkers and different immune cells was further analyzed. Subsequently, the targeted traditional Chinese medicinal herbs were predicted using the HERB database. In total, 157 DEGs were screened out, with 102 genes upregulated and 55 genes downregulated. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in IL-17 and TNF signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis, chemokine signaling pathway, humoral immune response, neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil migration, etc. LOC389023, OLFM4, AQP8, and CWH43 were identified as potential biomarkers for UC, and their diagnostic values were significant in the GSE87466 validation dataset. CIBERSORT immune infiltrate analysis showed significant differences in immune infiltration characteristics between UC and healthy control tissues. High levels of CD4+ memory activated T cells, M1 macrophages, and neutrophils were found in the UC group, while high levels of memory B cells, CD4+ memory resting T cells, M2 macrophages, and resting dendritic cells were found in the healthy control group. Seven traditional Chinese medicinal herbs targeting core biomarkers, including Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Fructus Viticis Cannabifoliae, Herba Equiseti Palustris, Liquor, Sophora alopecuroides L., Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum, and Placenta Hominis, were predicted in the HERB database. The study suggested that LOC389023, OLFM4, AQP8, and CWH43 were identified as diagnostic biomarkers for UC, and the aforementioned seven targeted traditional Chinese medicinal herbs may play a therapeutic role in UC by regulating gut microbiota, affecting inflammation pathways, and modulating the immune system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in high-salinity wastewater treatment by the freeze concentration method WANG Xiaokai, ZHAO Changsheng, LI Luzhen, ZHANG Bowei, LIU Xuzhen, TAN Yu Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 121-130.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.015 Abstract （199）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1815KB）（261）       Knowledge map    Save The industrial production process produces large quantities of high-salinity wastewater comprising complex water-quality components, including a large amount of Na+, Cl-, SO42-, and other salts as well as toxic substances. Traditional high-salinity wastewater treatment technology has low efficiency and high operating cost. The freeze concentration method for high-salinity wastewater treatment has received widespread attention as a highly efficient and clean treatment technology without secondary pollution. However, the problem of impurities in the ice crystals prepared via freeze concentration should be solved urgently. This article summarizes the research progress of freeze concentration technology in high-salinity wastewater treatment in recent years. The key parameters such as freezing time, freezing temperature, and initial solution concentration were discussed, and various methods for removing impurities from ice crystals, including immersion, gravity, and water addition purification methods, were investigated. To accelerate the desalination process and improve the desalination effect, nucleating agent and ultrasonic-assisted freeze concentration methods were investigated. Furthermore, the energy consumption of the freeze concentration technology was economically analyzed. Moreover, the development of the technology is summarized and a prospect is proposed to provide specific references for the development and application of freeze concentration method in high-salinity wastewater treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Streamline optimization analysis of side-scan sonar on small autonomous underwater vehicle LIU Jin, TAN Hua, SU Liang, QIU Guoji, LIU Rui, LUO Chongxin, WANG Yu, LIU Hao Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 8-14.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.002 Abstract （197）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （3216KB）（115）       Knowledge map    Save Water dynamics analysis was conducted on a compact and portable autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) with side-scan sonar and amodified AUV with streamlined side-scan sonar. The analysis focused on examining the drag forces experienced by both AUVs at different speeds. The results demonstrated that the streamlined side-scan sonar effectively reduced pressure and viscous drag forces, resulting in an overall drag reduction of 15.4% at a normal speed of 3 knots, with a 9% reduction in viscous drag and an 18% reduction in pressure drag.At a high speed of 6 knots, the overall drag was reduced by 10.1%, with a 4.2% reduction in viscous drag and a 12% reduction in pressure drag. These findings demonstrate that optimizing the streamlined design of the AUV with side-scan sonar can effectively enhance the dynamic performance of the AUV, reduce its drag force, and improve its efficiency and performance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress and development trends in the use of zebrafish as a model organism for evaluating cosmetic efficacy XIA Qing, ZANG Xiaohan, WANG Yongcheng, ZHANG Yun, LI Peihai, ZHANG Xuanming, LIU Kechun Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 36-46.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240016 Abstract （196）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （3892KB）（104）       Knowledge map    Save Zebrafish models have been widely used in various fields such as drug screening, pharmacology, and toxicology research. In recent years, with the implementation of regulations such as the standard for the Evaluation of Cosmetic Efficacy Claims, cosmetic efficacy claims have entered into an era of strict supervision, which has led to higher standards for the scientific nature of the efficacy evaluation models and methods. The skin structure of zebrafish is highly similar to that of humans, with zebrafish also having transparent embryos that are easy to observe. Moreover, efficacy evaluation experiments using zebrafish offer advantages such as minimal sample dosage, shortened experimental cycles, and high-throughput capacity. Consequently, zebrafish have become a popular research topic in the field of cosmetic efficacy evaluation. Based on bibliometric methods, this study analyzes the relevant literature on the use of zebrafish to evaluate cosmetic efficacy over the past decade. The study provides an overview of the progress of the application of zebrafish in cosmetic efficacy evaluation, and examines the development dynamics and trends through comprehensive analysis. This is so as to provide a reference for the application of zebrafish models in the cosmetics industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of applied research on the ecological degradation and restoration of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta: a review CAI Xinyan, WANG Yi, CHEN Yingkai Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 112-120.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.014 Abstract （186）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （1148KB）（165）       Knowledge map    Save A systematic review was conducted on the current status and causes of the ecological degradation of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), and the ecological restoration technologies were summarized. The results revealed that the wetland areas in the YRD are currently in a serious state of degradation, with the total area of wetlands shrinking year by year. Along with the shrinking of the wetland area, the wetland composition has changed, natural wetlands are decreasing while artificial wetlands are gradually increasing, the pattern of the landscape shows a trend toward fragmentation, and the service function of the ecosystem has been seriously degraded. The main causes of wetland ecological degradation in the YRD include the reduction of water and sediment fluxes from the Yellow River, increased sea-land interactions, intensified salinization of the soil, climate change, invasive species, and human activities. Current ecological restoration techniques for wetland restoration include biocomponent restoration, water body restoration, soil improvement, and comprehensive habitat restoration. This study will utimately provide specific recommendations for wetland restoration in the YRD, which is of great significance for the national strategy of ecological protection and the high-quality development of the YRD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of marine environment monitoring methods based on GNSS technology QI Suiping, XU Xiaofei, LI Yunzhou, WANG Juncheng, DU Jun Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 1-11.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240023 Abstract （183）   HTML （29）    PDF（pc） （2142KB）（117）       Knowledge map    Save Real-time, accurate and reliable monitoring of marine environmental information plays a crucial role in marine disaster warning and prediction, disaster prevention and reduction, marine resource development, and ensuring marine safety. In recent years, with the continuous development and upgrading of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the detection of atmospheric and marine environmental information based on GNSS navigation signals has become a new method and a hot research topic in the marine environmental monitoring technology. This method has been widely applied to domains such as marine meteorological monitoring and numerical forecasting. This article systematically reviews the current research status of the GNSS technology in marine environmental monitoring, including effective wave height, wind speed, rainfall intensity, water vapor and tide level monitoring. Furthermore, this paper systematically summarizes new technologies and methods and looks forward to provide reference for the future research in related fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey on the current status of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Shizhong District, Jinan, Shandong Province LI Wanying, DUAN Wanying, LI Rui, RAN Zhifang, ZHOU Jie, FANG Lei Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 22-27.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.004 Abstract （182）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1472KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide basic data for the protection and sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resources in Shizhong District, Jinan, Shandong Province, the species composition and distribution of wild TCM resources, the reserves of key medicinal materials, and the situation of cultivated medicinal materials in Shizhong District of Jinan were sorted out and analyzed by field resource investigation, specimen collection, cultivated medicinal materials investigation, data summary, and analysis. According to the investigation of 36 plots and 1 080 prescriptions, 206 kinds of TCM resources were collected, belonging to 64 families and 162 genera. Among them, the major wild medicinal materials, such as platyclus, cypress seed, and sour jujube seed, were abundant, and the cultivated medicinal materials were mainly Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Polygonum multijiorum Thunb., Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC., and Lonicera japonica Thunb. Those are important measures to strengthen the protection of wild TCM resources, that strengthen the protection of wild TCM resources,guide the classification of TCM resources by regionalization, and carry out ecological planting of cultivated TCM and intercropping. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A multitask learning model for the prediction of short-term subway passenger flow ZHANG Hanxiao, LIU Yuran, LIU Yuan, NIU Zichen Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 95-106.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230038 Abstract （181）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （1274KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save An accurate prediction of short-term subway passenger flowscan effectively alleviate traffic congestion and improve the quality of travel services for urban residents. Herein, we propose a multitask learning-based model for the prediction of short-term subway passenger flows, which uses a residual convolutional neural network (NN) and a nested long short-term memory NN to extract the spatio-temporal correlation of traffic patterns, and introduces an attention mechanism to enhance the feature extraction performance of the NNs. Considering the characteristics of subway operations, the model selects train operation features, bus stops around subway stations, and point of interest data as external features to improve the accuracy of the prediction. Based on the historical data of the Beijing Subway, experiments were conducted in multiple time granularity scenarios, such as 10, 30, and 60 min. The results showed that the methodsuccessfully modeled and analyzed the inflow-outflow interaction through multitask learning, improved the prediction performance and generalization ability of the model, and providednovel approaches for the prediction of short-term subway passenger flows. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigating the mechanism of action of Elephantopus scaber L. in the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking MU Nana, LIAO Binbin, LI Zhen, LI Jipin, LI Yihua, WANG Ying, CHEN Xubing Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 48-55.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.007 Abstract （180）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （2943KB）（221）       Knowledge map    Save Investigating the molecular mechanism of Elephantopus scaber L. in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. The chemical composition of Elephantopus scaber L. was determined based on literature research, the active ingredients were screened using the SwissADME database, and the targets were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction database. The GeneCards, Disgenet, PharmGKB, and TTD databases were used to obtain the relevant targets for UC, and the topological analysis was performed. The Metascape database was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used for biological pathway enrichment analysis on the candidate targets. In addition, the RCSB PDB database and Chemdraw, PyMoL, AutoDock 4.2.6 was used for molecular docking validation and visualization of core components and key targets. 34 potential targets were screened out, and GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the key targets. The results showed that Elephantopus scaber L. can regulate systemic processes, negatively regulate the response to external stimuli, and regulate apoptosis signaling pathways. MAPK3, PIK3CA, STAT3, and JAK2 are regulated by biological processes such as responses to mechanical stimuli. Therefore it participates in the regulation of various KEGG signaling pathways, such as cancer signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, Helicobacter pylori infection epithelial cell signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, etc. to treat UC.The molecular docking results showed that each active ingredient had good affinity to the key targets. The mechanism of Elephantopus scaber L. in treating UC may be related to inhibiting the expression of MAPK3, PIK3CA, STAT3 and other targets, and relieving the inflammatory reaction of colon tissue. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The method to construct an urban logistics unmanned aerial vehicles low-altitude hub-and-spoke network QU Xinyu, YE Bojia, CHENG Yu, LEI Changding Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 86-95.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.011 Abstract （173）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2373KB）（145）       Knowledge map    Save Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have considerable application potential in urban logistics delivery. However, there are many uncertainties in urban low-altitude airspace operation scenarios. Therefore, it is essential to build a safe and orderly logistics UAV delivery network using scientific methods. From the perspectives of delivery economy, operational safety, and features of logistics UAVs, an integer programming model of multilevel hub-and-spoke network was constructed based on the original ground logistics delivery network. A network construction method was proposed, which combines partitioning around medoids(PAM) clustering with distance restrictions and integer programming. Three evaluation indicators were selected, i.e., delivery timeliness, network security, and network structure characteristics, to compare the constructed logistics UAV delivery network with the original ground delivery network. A logistics UAV delivery network was constructed in Jiangning District of Nanjing city to verify the feasibility of the proposed network construction method. The experimental results show that the UAV delivery network constructed using this method has good delivery timeliness while taking delivery costs and safety into account. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on cascading failures in complex networks ZHANG Duyu, WU Jianjun, YANG Xin, MA Zhi’ao, ZHU Tianlei Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 85-96.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230179 Abstract （172）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （1910KB）（174）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of network science and the emergence of complex systems theory, scholars have embarked on in-depth research on the structural and dynamic properties of complex networks. Among the dynamic properties of complex networks, cascading failures, as one of the most important research areas, describe a situation where a fault or error in a system or process leads to the failures of other related components or links. Various models and recovery strategies have been proposed for cascading failures in complex networks. This study analyzes the mechanisms of cascading failures, provides a comprehensive summary on the development of domestic and international cascading failure in complex networks, outlines the recovery strategies for addressing cascading failures, and highlights the existing issues and shortcomings in current research, providing valuable insights for future studies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Gangcheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province YANG Guohong, ZHOU Bingqian, LU Heng, SONG Xiangyun, ZHU Heng, WANG Xiao, LIU Qian, LIU Wei Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230055 Abstract （169）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1113KB）（91）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the current distribution status of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resources in Gangcheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, in accordance with the unified requirements of the fourth national survey of TCM resources, the distribution of wild medicinal plant resources, and cultivation of TCM in Gangcheng District were investigated and sorted out through processes including field investigation, internal industry organization, and data analysis. The results showed that there are 180 species of wild resources in Gangcheng District, belonging to 65 families and 151 genera. Among them, the dominant families include Asteraceae, Leguminosae, and Cruciferae, among others. The reserves of wild Phytolacca, Rubia, and Leonurus are relatively large, and 69 species of wild resources are included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia; Cultivar include Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., Lonicera japonica Thunb., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, among which Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is a geographical indication resource. This resource survey provides a comprehensive understanding of the types and distribution of wild medicinal plant resources in Gangcheng District, providing a scientific basis for the development and utilization of regional TCM resources and the sustainable development of the TCM industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the research on the mechanism of action of Scutellaria baicalensis and its active ingredients in treating ulcerative colitis LUO Yaqin, HUANG Wei Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 20-28.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240017 Abstract （169）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （1112KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by persistent mucosal inflammation.Scutellaria baicalensis (also known as Huangqin), as a common traditional Chinese medicines used in clinical practice, is known for its efficacy at clearing internal heat,eliminating dampness, purging fire,eliminating toxins, stopping bleeding, and calming fetal activity. Its formulations, including Huangqin Decoction, Peony Decoction, and Pueraria, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction, are often used to treat damp-heat UC. Studies have shown that S. baicalensis and its active ingredients play an important role in protecting the intestinal mucosa, and have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This study reviews the mechanism of action of S. baicalensisand its active ingredients (baicalin,baicalein,oroxindin, wogonin, Scutellaria baicalensis polysaccharide, etc.) in the treatment of UC in recent years, including the protection and repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier, the active ingredients anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, effects against antioxidative stress, and regulation of intestinal flora, to provide a reference for targeted clinical treatment of UC and drug development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-Alzheimer's disease activity of oroxin A and its mechanism of action based on zebrafish model SHI Ruidie, GAO Xin, WANG Baokun, GAO Daili, JIN Meng, ZHANG Xiujun Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 28-37.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.005 Abstract （163）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （3894KB）（117）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the ameliorative effects of oroxin A on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the underlying mechanism of action, a zebrafish AD model induced by aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3) was used. Wild-type zebrafish AB larvae at 3 dpf(days post fertilization) were divided into different groups, including negative control group, AlCl3 (80 μmol/L) model control group, AlCl3 (80 μmol/L) combined with donepezil (6 μmol/L) positive control group, and AlCl3 (80 μmol/L) combined with different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 μmol/L) of oroxin A test group. At 6 dpf, zebrafish behavior was monitored and analyzed using zebrafish light-dark locomotion test. Aβ deposition in zebrafish heads was assayed by thioflavin S staining. Acetylcholine assay kit tested acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. In addition, the expression of autophagy-related genes(beclin1、ulk1b、ulk2 and atg7) was tested by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Molecular docking was performed to validate the interaction between oroxin A and autophagy-related protein(beclin1、ulk1b、ulk2 and atg7). The results indicated that oroxin A significantly relieved the dyskinesia and inhibited Aβ deposition and AchE activity of zebrafish induced by AlCl3. The expression of autophagy-related genes tended to be normal after oroxin A treatment. This study preliminarily revealed that oroxin A alleviated AlCl3-induced AD symptoms in zebrafish, where the underlying mechanism of action is possibly associated with activated autophagy, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of oroxin A and its related research in treating AD. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the mechanisms by which natural phenolic compounds alleviate hyperuricemia LIU Shuang, DONG Hongjing, CHEN Panpan, WANG Xiao Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 12-19.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240028 Abstract （162）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （1595KB）（109）       Knowledge map    Save Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder caused by the physiologic disorders in purine metabolism, resulting in increased serum uric acid levels, which can lead to gout in severe cases. HUA pathogenesis primarily involves enzyme dysfunction, urate transporter expression dysregulation, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, and intestinal homeostasis disruption. Numerous studies have reported the effectiveness of natural polyphenols in alleviating hyperuricemia and gout. This article summarizes HUA pathogenesis and the mechanisms of action of polyphenolic compounds in reducing uric acid, to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of uric acid-lowering drugs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the distance measurement of approaching vehicles in fog SHENG Yuting Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 88-94.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230034 Abstract （154）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1179KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save To address the challenges related to distance measurement of an approaching vehicle in fog,we developed an experimental platform to rapid image processing and real-time distance measurement.Firstly,we down-sampled the images through the dark channel algorithm to estimate atmospheric light values. Then, we introduced a tolerance mechanism to deal with the bright regions that do not satisfy the dark channel prior. This tolerance mechanism corrected the estimate with incorrect refractive index of such regions and effectively mitigated the issues of color distortion and low contrast. Secondly, we detected the vertical edges of an approaching vehicle using the edge detection and the improved Hough transform algorithms. Finally, we measured the safe distance from the approaching vehicle using the model. The results shows that the platform developed in this study can effectively measure the distance of the approaching vehiclein fog with a visibility <100 m, and can alert drivers in a timely and effective manner. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fault detection of an on-load tap changer based on generative adversarial network JIANG Xiaodong, WANG Leilei, SUN Peng, YANG Guang, GENG Junqi, WANG Jiawen, HUANG Sheng, QU Shuai, WANG Chen, SHANG Ying Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 68-73.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.009 Abstract （149）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （2336KB）（82）       Knowledge map    Save The probability of power transformer failure is extremely low, which leads to a great impact on further in-depth analysis results due to unbalanced data when processing transformer fault data. To solve these problems, this study processes and judges the unbalanced data using an confrontation neural network combined with an artificial neural network, uses the distributed acoustic wave sensing technology based on ultraweak fiber Bragg gratings to collect and analyze the data of the simulation site of the transformer built in a laboratory, and achieves good results on the collected transformer fault simulation data. This method has an important referential significance for developing the small sample fault identification system of the on-load transformer using confrontation generation network. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical significance of stromal cell score in gastric cancer and intervention with Weifuchun capsules CHEN Chun, QI Daqing, PAN Jingwen Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 38-47.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.006 Abstract （142）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1714KB）（162）       Knowledge map    Save Bioinformatics methods were used to analyse the association between stromal cells and clinical characteristics of gastric cancer, and to predict the intervention mechanism of Weifuchun capsule. Gastric cancer biopsy data were downloaded from TCGA database, the stromal score (STRS) was calculated based on ESTIMATE, and the median was used as the basis for grouping, and the association between STRS and patients' clinical information was analysed, and the DEGs were screened as the potential intervention targets. Based on the blood components of Weifuchun capsule, we predicted the drug targets, intersected DEGs with drug targets, and screened the core sub-networks and genes through PPI network and MCODE, and analysed the expression of differentially expressed genes in terms of survival prognosis and different stages of the disease. The drug-taste-intake component-target network was constructed to screen the core components, and ADMET prediction and molecular docking validation were performed. The intersecting targets were enriched by GO and KEGG. The results showed that STRS was significantly correlated with survival time and increased significantly with Stage and T stage, and 1 975 DEGs were analysed; 75 components of Weifuchun capsule into the blood, corresponding to 663 targets, and 107 intersecting targets; and 4 core sub-networks, of which VCAM1, SERPINE1, TLR4, FGF1 were the core target, and SERPINE1, PDGFRB expression correlated with survival time was highly significant (P<0.01), and the differences in the expression of VCAM1, NOX4, PDGFRB, ITGAL, etc. in different Stage phases were highly significant (P<0.01); isocryptoxanthin B, geranylgeranyl O, and bluocalyx methylin were the core components, with good ADMET properties and core target protein binding activity. GO was enriched in calcium ion concentration regulation, calcium ion homeostasis and other entries. KEGG is enriched in calcium signalling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and other pathways. Stromal cells are closely related to survival time and stage, and Weifuchun capsule may inhibit tumour growth, metastasis and delay drug resistance by regulating stromal cells. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancements in network pharmacology and zebrafish modeling for studying traditional Chinese medicine’s effective substances and mechanisms of action LIU Kechun, WANG Yongcheng, ZANG Xiaohan, XIA Qing, ZHANG Yun, ZHANG Shanshan, SUN Chen Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 29-35.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240014 Abstract （142）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （1872KB）（74）       Knowledge map    Save Network pharmacology, which is highly consistent with the holistic and systematic perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with its multiple components and targets, has rapidly developed in the modernization of TCM. Experimental verification is one of the key contents of network pharmacology research. The zebrafish model has a complete system of drug metabolism, as well as a complex in vivo environment and target and pathway regulation mechanisms. Experiments that utilize this model have the advantages of low drug dosage, high throughput, and short cycle time. In recent years, the research mode that combines network pharmacology prediction with experimental validation using the zebrafish model has been widely applied to elucidate the effective substances and mechanisms of action of TCM. This study reviews the progress and development trends in the comprehensive application of network pharmacology and zebrafish modeling, aiming to provide a reference for their application in elucidating the modern scientific implications of the efficacy of TCM. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study and network pharmacological analysis of the anti-inflammatory action mechanism of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. FU Zhaoju, CHENG Guo, LIN Dengmei, LI Jun, ZHANG Nannan Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 24-31.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230043 Abstract （141）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1101KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to investigate the active ingredients and mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory effect of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. in Hmong medicine based on network pharmacology and animal experiments. Inflammation models of mice and rats were generated using xylene and carrageenan gum, respectively, and Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. was gavaged (dose of 1.950 mg/kg for mice; 1.350 mg/kg for rats). The active ingredients and their corresponding targets of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. were obtained using TCMSP, SymMap, SwisstargetPrediction, SEA, and STICH, among other databases, with oral bioavailability ≥30% and drug-likeness ≥0.18. Inflammationrelated targets were obtained through GeneCards, DisGeNET, TTD, DrugBank, OMIM and other databases. The intersection targets of diseases and drugs were determined using Venny 2.1.0, and 10 hub gene were obtained through Cytoscape's MCODE, CytoHubba plug-in and constructed drug-component-target network diagram; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and molecular docking were performed for the 10 Hub gene. The results of animal experiments showed that Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. could be used to reduce the inflammatory symptoms in mice and rats. The network pharmacological analysis revealed 28 Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. active ingredients, 753 drug action targets, 1 025 inflammatory targets, 225 Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. inflammatory crossover targets and 10 hub genes. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. top ten utilities were predominantly involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation and some cancer pathways. The molecular docking results demonstrated that 11 active ingredients, including berberine and isoboridine, were successfully docked with 8 targets, including JUN and JAK3. The results of animal experiments showed that Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. has anti-inflammatory effects, and the main ingredients of anti-inflammation include quercetin and berberine, among other compounds, and the mechanism of anti-inflammation may be through the action onIL-2, JAK1 and other targets, involved in JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and other pathways of anti-inflammation. The present study initially revealed the material basis and mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory effect of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Centerline extraction algorithm of structured light streak in a complex background GAO Qiuling, CHENG Wei, LI Wenlong, GE Hailong, HOU Xingqiang, SONG Ruhui, WEI Jiajie, JIA Tianshuo, CAI Xinyan Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 65-73.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230133 Abstract （141）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （2597KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save The most critical step in a line-structured light three-dimensional scan modeling system is to extract the centerline of the light stripe, but the interference of various environmental factors makes this extraction difficult. Several problems exists in a line-structured light streak image issues such as light spot interference, uneven distribution of light intensity, large differences in the width of the light bars, and complex background. This paper proposed a solution to overcome these problems. First, the structured light image is binarized using the Otsu method. Then, the improved density-based spatial clustering of applications with nose (DBSCAN) algorithm is used to retain the core points and remove the boundary and noise points. Finally, the core points are used as inputs to construct the graph data structure, and the shortest path search algorithm that fits the line-structured light streak image is used to obtain the center-line of the light streak. The experimental results show that the algorithm of this paper runs within 150 ms and the error is within 0.2 pixels. Moreover, this algorithm is applicable to various complex environments, meeting the requirements of real-time calculations, accuracy, and stability. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential analysis of different solvent extracts from artichoke bud based on component-antioxidant correlation LIU Lanling, XU Zhongli, CHEN Jiongchao, YAN Peizheng, ZHAO Dongsheng, LI Jia Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 17-23.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230039 Abstract （139）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （1145KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the component-antioxidant correlation model, the differences in the content of active components and the antioxidant function of different solvent extracts from artichoke bud were explored. Artichoke bud was extracted with water, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and 70% acetone. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were compared in the various extracts. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation scavenging capacity and the total reduction capacity were used to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The correlation between the main active ingredients and antioxidant capacity of different extracts from artichoke bud was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the levels of total polyphenols and total flavonoids in 70% ethanol extract were the highest, which were (9.14±0.12) mg/g and (13.46±0.42) mg/g, respectively. The extract with 70% methanol has the strongest antioxidant capacity. The IC50 values of scavenging DPPH and ABTS+ were 0.43 mg/mL and 0.10 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, when the reducing capacity was 0.5, the mass concentration (A0.5) of the extract was 6.42 mg/mL. The results of correlation analysis showed that the level of total polyphenols and total flavonoids were significantly correlated with the DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging capacity (P<0.01). The extract with 70% methanol was rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and possessed the strongest antioxidant capacity, which can provide a certain theoretical basis for further development and utilization of artichoke resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of green functionalized heavy calcium carbonate in rigid PVC foam sheet with high dimensional stability SONG Shikai, LIU Xiaoyang, GUO Yuxia, ZHAO Shuai, LI Lin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 59-68.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230035 Abstract （138）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1265KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam board is prepared by extrusion foaming of PVC with low polymerization degree, and the PVC foam board is prone to curling movement along the force direction of the molecular chain due to environmental changes, resulting in shrinkage and deformation of the board. Heavy calcium carbonate (HCC) was used as raw material, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tannic acid (TA) were used as modifiers to prepare modified HCC. It was combined with PVC to prepare PVC foam sheets. Infrared spectrometer, differential scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscope, Vicat softening point tester and universal electronic stretching machine were used to characterize the foamed board, and the effect of modifier dosage on the dimensional stability of the foamed board was discussed. The results show that when the TA content is 3% of HCC, the glass transition temperature of PVC foam board is 88.1 ℃, the temperature of Vicat softening point is 75.21 ℃, and the PVC foam board has excellent dimensional stability, and the cell structure is stable and uniform, and has the best tensile strength of 6.17 MPa. Modified HCC particles have good dispersion, strong binding ability with PVC, and high dimensional stability of PVC foam board can replace the use of wood in home decoration boards, which is of great significance to protect the environment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An approximate model and algorithm for throughput rate of a docked bike-sharing system WANG Jingyan, ZHANG Yong Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 74-85.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.010 Abstract （136）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （3846KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, an approximate model and algorithm for the throughput rate are established by studying a docked bike-sharing system (DBSS) using stochastic user demands, routing matrix, and cycling times. A DBSS with a fixed number of bikes can be considered a closed queuing network with a buffered M/M/1 queue at each station, thus establishing an approximate model and algorithm for the throughput rate of DBSS. This algorithm can calculate the average number of bikes on roads and at stations. Moreover, it can estimate the average cycling time on roads and bike dwell time at stations and further determine the optimal number of bikes achieving the maximum throughput rate in the DBSS. Additionally, this paper proposes a method to determine whether a station is a bike surplus station or a bike deficient station under given user demands, routing matrix, cycling time matrix, and dock allocation. Finally, the approximate algorithm is verified in a real-world DBSS. The results show that the throughput rate of the DBSS increases in a step-wise manner with the increasing bike input under an superior limit. When the number of bike inputs exceeds the optimal quantity, there will be idle bikes, and the spatial distribution of bike surplus stations and bike deficient stations will remain unchanged. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A numerical comparison of methods for solving the gate allocation problem based on robustness simulation LIU Haibin, WANG Jubo, BA Bosheng, WANG Ruixin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 104-116.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230167 Abstract （132）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （2407KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save Frequent delays of flights at large international airports can affect their smooth operation, hence, the airport apron allocation problem needs to be robustly optimized. In this study, we proposed two integer linear-programing models for solving this problem and used two algorithms for performance comparison: the hill-climbing and large-neighborhood search (LNS) metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, we used the Monte Carlo method to evaluate the effectiveness of different objective functions in dealing with flight conflicts. The final test results show that the LNS algorithm not only improves the robustness of the gate allocation scheme for large airports but also excels in speed and quality, especially, when the square of idle time is used as the objective function. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversity analysis and comprehensive value evaluation of wild medicinal plant resources in the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Weining County,Guizhou Province WANG Hui, HUANG Xuan, ZHANG Chenggang, ZENG Wen, ZHOU Tao, JIANG Weike Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 9-16.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230060 Abstract （129）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1102KB）（135）       Knowledge map    Save The survey of wild medicinal resources in Weining County, Guizhou Province was conducted using the sample plot and line transect methods, and the diversity and comprehensive value of the resources were analyzed based on the literature. The survey results showed that there are 130 families, 392 genera, and 658 species of wild medicinal plants in Weining County, mainly composed of dominant families such as Compositae, large families such as Polypodiaceae, and medium-sized families such as Pinaceae. It was found that perennial herbaceous plants are the most abundant, with their main medicinal parts being roots and rhizomes, as well as whole grasses. There were 17 families, 21 genera, and 22 species with reserves, including 11 species with high comprehensive value, such as Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino and Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep., indicating that the diversity of wild medicinal plant resources and overall comprehensive value is rich, and the wild medicinal plant resources are mainly cold and flat medicinal materials in Weining County. Targeted development, utilization, and research can be conducted on cold and balanced medicinal plant resources in Weining County, to strengthen the protection of wild medicinal plant resources with high comprehensive value and provide a basis for the sustainable development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the county. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of graphene-modified silica filler on the properties of natural rubber GUO Jingze, TAN Shuangmei, LI Yutong, LIU Zhihua, LI Song, XIN Zhenxiang, ZHAO Shuai, LI Lin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 69-79.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230074 Abstract （127）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （1311KB）（73）       Knowledge map    Save Silica (mainly comprising nano-SiO2) is widely used in rubber reinforcement owing to its advantages of easy preparation and environmental protection. However, owing to its structural characteristics, silica has poorer dispersion and reinforcement ability than carbon black. The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal to improve the dispersion of silica in rubber using a silane coupling agent and to study the effect of synergistic reinforcement of modified silica and graphene on natural rubber. The hybrid filler KS-TGE was obtained through a Michael addition reaction between graphene modified by dispersant tannic acid and silica (KS) modified by the silane coupling agent KH570. Subsequently, the KS-TGE/NR composites were prepared by mixing KS-TGE with natural rubber. Test results showed that the modified silica improves the dispersion in rubber and the mechanical properties of natural rubber after blending with the hybrid filler prepared using graphene and natural rubber. Compared with unmodified nano-SiO2/NR, the tensile strength of the modified composites increased by 36.3% and the elongation at break increased by 79.5%. In addition, KS-TGE/NR can maintain excellent elastic and dynamic mechanical properties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of yarns and weave structures on the coolness of woven fabrics LI Yonghan, LIU Yan, BAI Zhihao, ZHANG Ruiyun, WANG Yiyi, DU Lixin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 80-87.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230065 Abstract （126）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （1133KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save A lightweight and cooling woven fabric for summer was developed by selecting and combining different cooling fibers. Twelve samples were produced by selecting polyester/mint blended yarn as warp yarn, nylon fiber as weft yarn and plain, and twill and satin as fabric weave to investigate the impact of different weft yarns and fabric structures on the thermal and moisture comfort properties of the fabrics. The results showed that twill and satin fabrics had better thermal and moisture transfer performance; plain weave fabrics provided a good cooling sensation upon contact; cool nylon indeed enhanced the cooling of the fabric, but it showed poor moisture transfer performance in tightly woven structures. Micro-denier nylon had similar thermal and moisture transfer performance to cool-feel nylon but had lower air permeability and cross-sectional nylon had better moisture transfer performance but lower thermal conductivity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The characteristics of traffic sequence data based on complex network MENG Bo, KONG Xiangke, LI Shubin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 107-117.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230058 Abstract （126）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1314KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save To study the traffic flow characteristics, the traffic data is analyzed using a complex network method. A box plot-clustering algorithm model is proposed to identify and fill in missing values and outliers in the initial data. The one-dimensional data is reconstructed into network nodes using the phase space reconstruction method. Additionally, the connection threshold is selected to determine the connection relationship of network nodes to convert the traffic sequence data as a complex network and analyze the structure and quantitative indicators of the network. The result shows that the structure of the complex network of traffic data can reflect the traffic flow state of the road section to a certain extent. The research optimizes the data preprocessing method and extends the application of complex networks into traffic data research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic route planning method for a high-speed rail feeder bus based on mixed demand WANG Yuqiong Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 118-127.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230050 Abstract （122）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （1155KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save To meet the needs of passengers for connection and evacuation at high-speed rail stations and enhance the role of high-speed rail stations as urban comprehensive transportation hubs, a dynamic route planning model of a high-speed rail feeder bus is established based on mixed demand that includes reservation and real-time demands. Based on the reservation demand, considering the operation cost of a bus company as well as the travel time cost, the route planning model is established before the start of operation. An improved genetic algorithm was designed using niche methods to solve the problem. After the start of operation, real-time demand can be inserted into the established vehicle route with temporary stations. To realize a dynamic route planning scheme, an integer planning model is established to minimize the variable cost of the system. Using the proposed method,30 demand groups were randomly generated and solved in the Beitaipingzhuang street area, Beijing. Results show that the model can generate an optimal dynamic route planning scheme for a high-speed rail feeder bus in two periods to satisfy the mixed demand. Compared with traditional genetic algorithm, niche genetic algorithm can effectively avoid premature and obtain better results, thus confirming the feasibility of the proposed model and the niche genetic algorithm. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The change in volatile compounds of Arecae Semen during stir-frying process based on gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry LI Changgeng, LI Junxian, PAN Shaobin, LIU Shuang, KONG Na, DONG Hongjing Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 15-21.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.003 Abstract （122）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （2538KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save Analysis of changes in volatile components during the stir-frying process of Arecae Semen can provide references for quality control of raw and stir-fried Arecae Semen. The content of volatile components in Arecae Semen at different stir-frying times was analyzed via gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and chemometrics was applied to screen differential components. Thirty-one volatile components were identified in the Arecae Semen, including aldehydes, esters, organic acids, and ketones. The level of volatile components significantly changed after stir-frying. The results of chemometrics showed that the changes in the level of dimethyl trisulfide, isovaleraldehyde, and ethyl acetate were significant. Based on GC-IMS and chemometrics, the changes in volatile components during the stir-frying process of Arecae Semen were well described, and provided a basis for identification and quality control of Arecae Semen stir-fried for different times. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Controllable bonding preparation of ethylenediamine-N-propyl modified silica gel and its application in ginkgolic acid removal PAN Xiangyu, JIN Zhao, GUAN Tong, CHEN Beiyi Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 51-58.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230063 Abstract （122）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （1132KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, the preparation process of N-propylethylenediamine bonded silica gel (PSA) with controllable bonding amount was optimized; the batch repeatability of PSA preparation was examined; and the pilot scale-up experiment of PSA preparation was conducted. The properties of the PSA were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and potentiometric titration. The results showed that N—H stretching vibration peaks appeared at 3 460 cm-1, asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration peaks of —CH appeared at 2 960 cm-1 and 2 860 cm-1, and deformation vibration absorption peaks of —NH2 appeared at 708 cm-1, indicating that N-propylethylenediamine was successfully grafted onto the surface of silica gel.Furthermore, with the increasing proportion of silane reagent in the preparation system, the content of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen elements and the ion exchange capacity obtained by potentiometric titration showed an upward trend, indicating that the bonding amount of ethylenediamine-N-propyl functional group gradually increased. Moreover, the prepared PSA packing component was separated from the purification column, and the removal efficiency of ginkgolic acid from the extract of ginkgo biloba leaves using PSA with different bonding amounts was investigated. The results showed that PSA had a strong adsorption capacity for ginkgolic acid and could be used to remove ginkgolic acid from the extract of ginkgo biloba leaves, the maximum sample loading volumes for PSA separation and purification columns 2#, 3#, 4#, and 5# are 21, 22, 23, 24 mL, respectively. In addition, the removal efficiency was found to increase with the increasing amount of ethylenediamine-N-propyl bonding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization on supply-demand matching of fire stations with capacity constraints ZHOU Tong, MENG Zihao, LIU Kanglin Shandong Science    2023, 36 (6): 105-111.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.013 Abstract （120）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （2155KB）（108）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the emergency service level of the fire station and reduce the emergency response time, this paper has improved the current traditional method of manual decision-making on the supply and demand matching of rescue. Based on the full investigation of empirical data and automatic batch acquisition of geographic data, this paper proposed an optimization strategy for the supply and demand matching of fire rescue stations considering service capacity, and constructed it as a mixed integer programming model. Then, based on the actual distribution of fire rescue stations in Xicheng District of Beijing and the location of high-frequency demand nodes, this model was validated. The research results showed that compared to the manual decision only considering the service distance, the mathematical model proposed in this paper can realize the automatic matching of fire rescue facilities in a short time, fully dispatch the rescue service capacity, and provide a new solution for optimizing the emergency rescue supply and demand service matching. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of potential antiepileptic active ingredients in Rhizoma Gastrodiae based on zebrafish model and metabolomics technology CHEN Shanjun, WANG Huan, HU Kaiqing, BI Wenjie, CHENG Guidong, WANG Songsong, HAN Liwen, WANG Xiaojing Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 1-9.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230089 Abstract （120）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （3004KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save Identifying potential antiepileptic active ingredients in Rhizoma Gastrodiae is of immense significance for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy. In this study, we used a larval zebrafish epilepsy model to evaluate the antiepileptic activity of Rhizoma Gastrodiae from two different regions. In addition, we employed metabolomics technology based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry/QE plus to detect the ingredients in Rhizoma Gastrodiae and performed pattern analysis to identify key differential metabolites. The metabolites were further identified using primary and secondary mass spectrometry data and literature references. This step was followed by the confirmation of their antiepileptic activity using the zebrafish epilepsy model. The results showed that nine extracts of Rhizoma Gastrodiae significantly reduced the number of whirls in zebrafish, and significant differences in antiepileptic activity were observed between the Rhizoma Gastrodiae samples from the two regions (P<0.05). Metabolomics and pattern analysis identified six important differential metabolites (Parishin E, Gastrodin, Parishin C, Parishin D, N6-p-hydroxybenzyl adenosine, and 4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether). Activity verification results showed that Parishin E, Gastrodin, and N6-p-hydroxybenzyl adenosine significantly inhibited zebrafish epilepsy-like behavior. This study utilized the zebrafish model and metabolomics to identify and determine several active antiepileptic ingredients in Rhizoma Gastrodiae. Of these, Parishin E and N6- p-hydroxybenzyl adenosine were reported for the first time to exhibit antiepileptic activity, thereby serving as a valuable reference for further research on the antiepileptic effects of Rhizoma Gastrodiae. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on microbial regulation technologies to reduce nitrogen loss in agricultural soils XU Dongning, WU Xiaoqing, ZHOU Fangyuan, FAN Susu, ZHANG Xinjian, XIAO Guiqing, WANG Jianing Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 117-126.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240004 Abstract （119）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1109KB）（110）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen fertilizers provide the nitrogen necessary for crop growth in modern agricultural production, but their excessive use in the long term leads to waste of resources, economic losses and profound negative environmental impacts. Microorganisms play a critical role in the nitrogen cycle; therefore, there is a significant need for further research in this field. Here, we summarize our findings on the mechanisms and processes by which microorganisms drive the soil nitrogen cycle, including nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, and nitrogen assimilation/dissimilation. We further summarize microbial technologies and strategies for mitigating agricultural nitrogen loss and improving agricultural sustainability, such as nitrogen fixation, greenhouse gas emission reduction, nitrogen bioretention, and ammonia volatilization. These strategies illustrate the potential of microorganisms in reducing the dependence on nitrogen fertilizers and increasing crop yields, while also highlighting the challenges of research and effective field application of these technologies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Climate change characteristics of foggy days in Qingdao and Jinan YANG Lei, ZOU Jin, DING Zuowei, GUO Lina Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 128-135.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230068 Abstract （115）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1166KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save This study analyzed the climate change characteristics and causes of foggy days in Qingdao and Jinan using meteorological observation data from 1961 to 2020 in Qingdao and Jinan, as well as sea surface temperature data near Qingdao. Results showed that the average annual foggy days in Qingdao were 50.4 d, 3.1 times more than that in Jinan. The peak fog seasons were substantially different in the two cities; Qingdao experiences more foggy days in spring and summer, accounting for about 78.4% of the whole year, whereas Jinan experiences more foggy days in autumn and winter, accounting for about 70.7% of the whole year. Furthermore, remarkable differences in the annual and seasonal variations of foggy days were observed. Qingdao shows an increasing trend in annual foggy days, i.e., less foggy days in spring and summer, but significantly more in autumn and winter. Alternatively, Jinan exhibits a decreasing trend in annual foggy days, where the number of foggy days is lowest in autumn. Moreover, considerable climate variability and abrupt change in the number of annual foggy days between the two cities were noticed. The climate variability of Qingdao showed an increasing trend and remained at a high level, while Jinan witnessed a decreasing trend; this indicates a higher probability of extreme foggy weather in Qingdao than in Jinan. Qingdao witnessed an increase in the number of foggy days in 1969, while Jinan encountered a decrease in 1995. The increase in the number of foggy days in Qingdao during autumn and winter was closely related to the substantial increase in the sea surface temperature near the city. This increase promoted sea surface evaporation and subsequently increased the atmospheric water vapor content. However, the decrease in foggy days in Jinan during autumn and winter was closely associated with a substantial increase in the minimum temperature and the dew point temperature difference as well as reduced humidity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and compound screening of copper-induced cell death-related genes SLC31A1 and DBT in hepatocellular carcinoma ZHANG Nannan, ZHOU Yifan, ZHU Yi, AN Mingyu, DENG Ying, LI Jun Shandong Science    2024, 37 (1): 39-50.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230078 Abstract （114）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1372KB）（121）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to investigate the effect of copper-induced cell death-related genes on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore active components for treating HCC. The GSE84402 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain the differentially expressed genes associated with HCC, and copper-induced cell death-related genes were retrieved from past literature; the commonalities between the two were considered to obtain HCC-related copper-induced cell death genes. The genes in common were further analyzed for differential expression using the UALCAN (University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis) portal, the correlation between their expression levels and clinical levels was analyzed using the R language, prognostic value was determined using the Kaplan-Meier plotter, their relationship with HCC metastasis was examined using the Human Cancer Metastasis Database (HCMDB), and their pathological relationship with HCC was explored using the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test. Lastly, compound prediction and molecular docking were performed. The results showed that compared with the normal group, expression levels of the key copper-induced cell death genes SLC31A1 and DBT were downregulated in tumors, and pathological analysis showed that their proteins were increased in HCC tissues. In addition, these genes were significantly correlated with the clinical correlation variables of sex, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis. Their high expression was correlated with a good HCC prognosis, whereas low expression of SLC31A1 was significantly correlated with the metastasis of HCC to the adrenal glands and lungs. Finally, the active compounds that may bind to SLC31A1 and DBT were screened, of which resveratrol and folic acid exhibited high docking scores. Hence, it could be concluded that copper-induced cell death-related genes SLC31A1 and DBT play an important role in the development of HCC, and this study provides new theories for the diagnosis of HCC and therapeutic drug research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The evolution model and simulation of the viral load of subway passengers LU Shoufeng, HUANG Zhikang, ZHAO Hongyun Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 97-103.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230108 Abstract （114）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （2440KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save A functional relationship was constructed between the probability of inhaling viruses and social distance to characterize the viral transmission of subway passengers at the microscopic level. Formulas for calculating the increase and decrease of viral load were constructed based on establishing the viral load evolution equation. Normalized parameters were used within this equation to describe the effect of pandemic prevention measures. The viral load of each passenger was programmed through the Anylogic software’s secondary development interface to characterize the viral load change at the pre- and post-infection phases. In the initial simulation settings, 10% of the passengers were infected with the virus, including ordinary carriers and supercarriers. The evolution of the virus under different passenger number conditions within subway carriages was simulated, which was categorized into with-control and without-control scenarios. The simulation results showed the following: as the number of passengers increases, the passenger density increases, the virus transmission increases, and the individual viral load increases rapidly. Isolating passengers with a viral load greater than a threshold of 1 000 and prohibiting them from taking the subway can reduce the viral load of all passengers by an order of magnitude. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Complex system reliability LIU Yimeng, BAI Mingyang, ZHANG Xiaoke, LI Daqing Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 74-84.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240025 Abstract （111）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （2380KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of science and technology, the systematization, networking and intelligentization of the social technology system gradually deepen, forming the complexity of the system. The failures of these complex systems, such as traffic jams, rumor spreading, and financial collapse, can be regarded as a kind of "1+1<2" negative emergence of system capability, which is difficult to understand directly through the reduction analysis of system components. It challenges the classical reliability theory. Research on the complex systems reliability mainly focuses on failures laws, which includes two perspectives. One is the study of system vulnerability considering failure propagation. The other is the study of system adaptability considering failure recovery. System vulnerability studies focus on exploring the internal mechanism of system collapse, namely the failure propagation mechanism. System adaptability studies focus on the capacity to adapt and recover, including the system failure recovery mechanism. Based on this, the article introduces relevant research on reliability method. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics