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Research and application progress of phthalonitrile resin ZHU Guanglai, YU Yitao, LIU Qiang, LIU Haiming, HOU Yantao, XU Chao, ZHANG Wei, JIANG Chuanxing, LI Yuanyue, PAN Xinjing, LI Bing, WANG Zhenhua Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 83-93.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240029 Abstract （484）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （3925KB）（1140）       Knowledge map    Save Phthalonitrile resin is new type of high-temperature resistant thermosetting resin system that has attracted wide attention owing to its excellent thermal and oxidative stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties as well as low expansion coefficient, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss. To improve its manufacturability and meet stringent environmental performance requirements, extensive research has been conducted worldwide on the modification of the phthalonitrile system. This paper reviews the research progress of the phthalonitrile system from the aspects of molecular structure design and curing methods and mechanisms along with its applications in electrical components, adhesives, etc. Moreover, the paper discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by phthalonitrile as a new type of special functional resin material, aiming to provide insights for research in relevant fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of the sources, distribution, and health risks of bisphenol compounds in environmental media in China WANG Yongfeng, YU Jingyuan, ZHANG Hao Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 13-27.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240103 Abstract （354）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （1884KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Save Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that is widely used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Due to its potential harm to human health, its use has been restricted in many materials that come into contact with the human body. Other bisphenol compounds have emerged as alternatives, but they have similar structures and characteristics, with varying degrees of estrogenic activity and toxicity. With the rapid economic development in China, the demand for bisphenol compounds has been increasing, and so has the production capacity. The sources and distribution of bisphenol pollutants are emerging pollutants in various environmental media and human exposure to them in China deserve in-depth research. In this study, we reviewed the literature published in the past ten years (2014—2024), systematically summarized the sources and distribution patterns, human exposure levels, and health risks of bisphenol pollutants in various environmental media (surface water, sediments, and soil), and proposed various control measures and policy recommendations for bisphenol pollutants in China, aiming to provide a reference for the environmental risk control and environmental governance of bisphenol pollutants in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Object detection model YOLO-T for complex traffic scenarios LIU Yu, GAO Shangbing, ZHANG Qintao, ZHANG Yingying Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 104-115.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240047 Abstract （239）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （5610KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save To address the challenges posed by complex traffic scenarios, particularly congested roads where traffic objects are densely packed and often occlude each other and small-scale objects are detected inaccurately, a new object detection model called YOLO-T (You Only Look Once-Transformer) is proposed. First, the CTNet backbone network is introduced, which has a deeper network structure and multiscale feature extraction module compared with CSPDarknet53. Not only can it better learn the multilevel features of dense objects but can also improve the model’s ability to handle complex traffic scenarios. Moreover, it directs the model’s focus toward the feature information of small objects, thereby improving the detection performance for small-scale objects. Second, Vit-Block is incorporated, which integrates more features by parallelly combining convolution and Transformer. This approach balances the relevance of local and contextual information, thereby enhancing detection accuracy. Finally, the Reasonable module is added after the Neck network, introducing attention mechanisms to further improve the robustness of the object detection algorithm against complex scenarios and occluded objects. Experimental results indicate that compared with baseline algorithms, YOLO-T achieves a 1.92% and 12.78% increase in detection accuracy on the KITTI and BDD100K datasets, respectively. This enhancement effectively boosts detection performance in complex traffic scenarios and can assist drivers to better predict the behaviors of other vehicles, thus reducing the occurrence of traffic accidents. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characterization and identification of chemical constituents in Sedum sarmentosum Bung based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS technology ZHU Xinyi, YANG Chunguo, TIAN Haitao, HOU Miao, HAN Liwen, DENG Zhipeng Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 10-16.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230173 Abstract （236）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （2810KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Save To develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatograpy-quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS)method for characterization and identification of chemical constituents in Sedum sarmentosum Bung.The separation was performed using a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.6 μm) with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid via gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min;the injection volume was 3.0 μL.Mass spectrometry was performed in positive and negative ionization modes with electrospray ionization. The chemical constituents were characterized and identified based on retention time, precise molecular weight, fragment ions,and comparison with the reference substances.The results of this study showed that 53 compounds were characterized and identified in Sedum sarmentosum Bung, including 25 flavonoids, 12 megastigmanes,11 organic acids,3 alkaloids and 2 other compounds.Five of these compounds were identified via comparison with reference compounds, and three compounds may have not been reported from Sedum sarmentosum Bung.The UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS method proposed in this study can rapidly and comprehensively characterize the chemical constituents in Sedum sarmentosum Bung and provide a reference basis for the research on quality control and atherapeutic material basis of Sedum sarmentosum Bung. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the process research and quality analysis of Osmanthus craft beer HAO Qian, MENG Dewen, LÜ Yuan, ZHAN Hangshan, WANG Chenghao, CHEN Siyou, LI Jie Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 59-66.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240018 Abstract （227）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （2087KB）（322）       Knowledge map    Save Craft beer has become a focus of attention for beer companies in recent years due to its unique flavor and mouthfeel, characterized by high malt concentration, alcohol content, and strong hop bitterness. Osmanthus, known for its pleasant and rich aroma, contains a large amount of active and healthy ingredients. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the difference in the quality of different Osmanthus content in craft beer. The process formulation of Osmanthus-infused craft beer is determined through the detection of physicochemical indicators, analysis of volatile components, and sensory evaluation. The experimental results show that the amount of Osmanthus added is positively correlated with the physicochemical indicators of craft beer, such as alcohol content, concentration, and acidity, while it is inversely proportional to fermentation. The volatile components of Osmanthus-infused craft beer are mainly alcohols and esters, contributing to a rich and intense aroma. Craft beer infused with 0.6% Osmanthus exhibits abundant and delicate foam, a refreshing and pure taste, a harmonious body, and no off-flavors or odors, presenting the typical aroma of Osmanthus. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution of the wetland ecological pattern and systematic ecological restoration in the Yellow River Delta CUI Baoshan, XIE Tian, WANG Qing, CHEN Cong Shandong Science    2025, 38 (2): 1-12.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025016 Abstract （224）   HTML （43）    PDF（pc） （3307KB）（670）       Knowledge map    Save The Yellow River Delta is a dynamic-equilibrium wetland system formed via the complex interactions between the Yellow River and the ocean across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Owing to the frequent shifts in the Yellow River’s course, the deltaic wetlands have undergone a cyclical evolution involving rapid formation, development, erosion or succession, and disappearance or remnant persistence. Under the combined stresses of intensive human activities and climate change, the Yellow River Delta is facing a series of challenges, including water and sediment variability, vegetation degradation, species invasion, habitat fragmentation, and functional decline. Many existing ecological problems have emerged throughout the evolutionary process of the delta’s wetlands, characterized by overlapping impacts across multiple spatial and temporal dimensions. Consequently, conservation and restoration strategies based on isolated timeframes, specific sites, or individual elements are increasingly showing limitations in mitigating habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation in the delta. This paper reviews extensive literature on ecological conservation and restoration in the Yellow River Delta, elucidating the influence mechanisms of biotic and abiotic disturbance factors on key ecological components, structures, and processes affecting the ecological functions of coastal wetlands. Moreover, it identifies the stability patterns of multifunctional wetland systems under multiple stressors, proposes an integrated optimization framework combining conservation, restoration, and regulation, and develops multiscale correlated and multiprocess coordinated conservation and restoration measures, thereby providing new insights for addressing ecosystem degradation in this region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization model and algorithm for multimodal railway-passenger transportation fares based on demand elasticity WANG Hongyin, YUAN Yuan, CUI Hongmeng, ZHENG Xuanchuan, SI Bingfeng Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 69-78.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230168 Abstract （218）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （1723KB）（208）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the competitiveness of the railway-passenger transportation market and increase its operational revenue, this study investigates the multiobjective system optimization issue of multimodal railway-passenger transportation fares. A mathematical model was used to describe the equilibrium relationship among the demands of different railway-passenger transportation products. Sensitivity analysis was performed to provide a calculation method for the demand elasticity of multimodal railway-passenger transportation products, and a market demand function for multimodal railway-passenger transportation was formulated. Considering multiple optimization objectives such as market demand, passenger transportation revenue, and profit of railway-passenger transportation enterprises along with passenger transportation costs, we proposed a multiobjective bi-level planning model for describing the system optimization issue of multimodal railway-passenger transportation fares. Finally, we used real passenger transportation data of the railway line between Beijing and Tianjin to validate the proposed model. The results show that the proposed method can effectively balance multiple objectives such as passenger transportation demand, passenger transportation revenue, and profit, providing reference and support for railway-passenger transportation departments to develop scientifically reasonable fare systems in different market competition stages. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatiotemporal variation characteristics and climate impact analysis of vegetation NPP in Shandong Province LIU Jianjun, SUN Kaizheng, GONG Hualin, ZHU Yuling Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 103-110.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240008 Abstract （216）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （5199KB）（311）       Knowledge map    Save Based on MOD17A3 product data for Shandong Province from 2010 to 2022, this study uses univariate regression trend analysis, the coefficient of variation method, partial correlation analysis, and the Hurst index method to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) for the ecosystem of Shandong Province and analyze the impact of climate factors. Results demonstrate the fluctuating upward trend of vegetation NPP for Shandong Province in recent years, with an annual average of (398.03±150.20) g/(m2·a), higher than the national average and comparable with that of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Vegetation NPP varies considerably across different areas. The vegetation NPP in the eastern coastal hilly area is higher than that in the inland plain area. With respect to interannual variation, the overall vegetation NPP in Shandong Province is relatively stable. With regard to the variation trend of vegetation NPP, the areas of positive and negative trends are equivalent. The trend analysis shows that 27.86% of the areas show an increasing trend, whereas 33.49% show a decreasing trend. However, the areas that have shifted from the increasing trend to the decreasing trend are mostly in woodland areas with high vegetation NPP levels, and further research is needed. In general, a positive correlation exists between vegetation NPP and climate factors. Temperature has a wider and more considerable impact on vegetation NPP than precipitation; moreover, the correlation between vegetation NPP and climate factors is poor in plain agricultural areas. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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To explore the pharmacodynamic substance basis of Cervi Cornus Colla based on cell membrane chromatography SUN Tiefeng, ZHAO Yu, WANG Ping, DING Xianglong, DING Lijun, WANG Jinguo Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230175 Abstract （214）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （2815KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Cell membrane chromatography/ultrahigh-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CMC/UPLC-MS) was used to screen the active ingredients, i.e., peptides, in the traditional Chinese medicine tablet Cervi cornus Colla, and the obtained spectra were analyzed using Maxquant software, Perseus software, and Uniprot database. Structures of these peptides were identified using Protein Data Bank, and their molecular properties such as their biological activity, adverse reactions, relative molecular mass, isoelectric point, and stability index were predicted using a bioinformatics platform. With an activity probability of 0.09, the peptides were identified as nontoxic, nonhemolytic, sensitizing, and highly hydrophilic, with a relative molecular mass of 1 541.68, a peptide chain length of 14, an isoelectric point of 3.92, and an instability index of 34.39.This method provides a feasible research approach for rapidly screening and identifying active ingredients(e.g., peptides and proteins) that exhibit pharmacological effects. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution patterns and influencing factors of three types of soil extractable silicon in typical coastal wetlands JI Xiaohui, ZHAO Qingqing, ZHAN Haiyin, WANG Jianing, ZHANG Wen, HUANG Yujie, SONG Fanyong, WEI Xiaobing Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 95-102.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240048 Abstract （208）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （1826KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save As the second most abundant element on earth, silicon plays an important role in soil biogeochemical processes. However, the geochemical characteristics of soil silicon in different forms in coastal wetlands still need further investigation. In this study, we selected four typical coastal wetlands (nonflooding Phragmites australis, tidal P. australis, freshwater P. australis, and tidal Suaeda salsa wetlands) as sampling sites and collected soils from 0 to 20 cm depth. Furthermore, we determined oxalate-extractable silicon, dithionite-citrate-extractable silicon, pyrophosphate-extractable silicon and analyzed their soil physical and chemical properties, distribution patterns, and influencing factors in typical coastal wetlands. Results showed that dithionite-citrate-extractable silicon and pyrophosphate-extractable silicon showed no significant differences among four wetlands (p>0.05), while oxalate-extractable silicon in nonflooding P. australis wetlands was significantly lower than tidal P. australis wetlands (p<0.05). As for the profile distribution, the three types of extractable silicon in soils from 0 to 10 cm were generally higher than in soils from 10 cm to 20 cm. Additionally, the correlation analysis revealed that soil organic matter, total nitrogen, bulk density, pH, silt and moisture were important factors influencing these three types of extractable silicon. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Six newly recorded plant species from Shandong Province LENG Zhenning, LIU Dan, BING Mengyao, HOU Yuanmian, HOU Yuantong Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 89-94.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240007 Abstract （199）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （2563KB）（224）       Knowledge map    Save To ascertain the current status of plant resources and biodiversity in the Yellow River, Yishu River, Nansi Lake Basin and Weifang in Shandong Province, a comprehensive and detailed investigation was conducted by combining field investigation, specimen collection, indoor classification, and anatomical identification. The results identified 1 194 species of vascular plants belonging to 587 genera and 155 families. Among these, 6 species, namely Teucrium japonicum, Euphorbia heyneana, Echinochloa colona, Commelina diffusa, Braya humilis, and Bidens maximowicziana, were newly recorded in Shandong Province. The key identification characteristics of these species are described in this study, and the distribution status and application value are also discussed. The discovery of these plants not only enriches the background data of plant resources and plant diversity in Shandong, but also is significancant to the study of the systematic classification, floristic plant geography, and distribution patterns of related families and genera. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the medication rule of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and investigating the synergistic pharmacological activity of core combination herbs SUN Jingtian, LIU Feng, ZHANG Zhe, ZHANG Yufu, MA Xinhui, LI Qingjun, WANG Xiao, DONG Hongjing Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240051 Abstract （196）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （3264KB）（519）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the medication rule and pharmacological activity of the core combination of chrysanthemi flos,the drug frequency, complex network and association rules of Chrysanthemum prescriptions were analyzed. The network pharmacology research method was used to construct the "herbs-key target-disease" of core combination drugs. Combined with the forecast results, an in vitro cell model was used to evaluate the pharmacological effects of chrysanthemi flos drug combinations. A total of 92 prescriptions containing chrysanthemi flos were obtained, involving 212 herbs, and 32 herbs with frequency greater than or equal to 10.The association rules showed that the sustain and confidence degree of chrysanthemi flos-Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma were the highest, and chrysanthemi flos-glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-schizonepetae herba, chrysanthemi flos-glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-schizonepetae herba-chuanxiong rhizoma, chrysanthemi flos-glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome-schizonepetae herba-chuanxiong rhizome-saposhnikoviae radix were next to each other, respectively. Network pharmacology analysis showed that the core drug combination of chrysanthemi flos-glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma could treat tumors, digestive system diseases, nervous system diseases and other diseases. In vitro cell activity study showed that the combination of chrysanthemi flos and glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma had a better inhibition rate on NO levels than the single drug. Compared with the single use of chrysanthemi flos, the combination of drugs showed more significantactivity, reflecting the scientificity of compatibility of TCM in clinic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of fiber-type solar interfacial evaporator and the influence of water channels on heat loss YUAN Zhipeng, TIAN Shuo Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 35-41.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230160 Abstract （193）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （4438KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save The shortage of freshwater resources is a major global challenge. Solar-powered seawater desalination technology utilizes the naturally abundant resources of solar power and seawater as power and treatment sources, respectively. It is a sustainable solution to the problem of freshwater shortage and can minimize the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce carbon footprint. However, efficient and low-cost solar interfacial evaporators are still in short supply. In this study, we obtained photothermal fibers with optimal photothermal effects and efficient water transfer abilities through the hydrophilic modification of polyacrylonitrile fibers and the deposition of polypyrrole. Taking advantage of its flexible processing properties, an economical and efficient interfacial evaporator was prepared by wrapping fibers onto low-cost insulation material-expandable polystyrene.The heat and mass transfer law of interfacial evaporators with different numbers of water transfer channels was studied. This study provides a theoretical basis and new insights into the development of solar interfacial evaporators. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Queuing theory-based cross-camera passenger trajectory recognition method WEN Zening, ZENG Hongbo, NIU Ling, LU Kai, ZHAO Zhonghao Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 62-68.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230161 Abstract （190）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （3401KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, in surveillance video groups, traditional methods for searching camera videos involve traversing and searching through all cameras or performing repetitive searches in a network topology. These approaches result in low efficiency and poor accuracy in tracking individuals. To address this issue, we propose an efficient method for selecting surveillance camera videos based on the principles of the queuing and vertex-weighted directed graph theories. In this method, we treat cameras as vertices and construct a weighted directed graph. By calculating weights, we can determine the optimal monitoring paths considering the connections and weights between cameras. The key advantage of this method is its efficient selection of surveillance camera videos. Additionally, by combining the optimal movement paths of target passengers in urban rail transit nodes with individual tracking, we use the concept of vertex-weighted directed graphs to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of person recognition. The research results show the great significance of this method in improving the performance of surveillance systems and individual tracking capabilities. By applying the queuing and vertex-weighted directed graph theories for individual tracking, we offer an innovative approach to address practical problems and enhance system performance. This method holds great importance in enhancing surveillance system performance and individual tracking capabilities. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of common diseases and pesticide use in Salvia miltiorrhiza ZHOU Bingqian, LU Heng, YANG Guohong, WANG Xiao, GUO Lanping, LIU Wei Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 9-16.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230154 Abstract （190）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （1565KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save There is currently an unmet need to improve disease prevention and control in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Here, we reviewed the literature as well as visited and surveyed multiple planting sitesand agricultural management units in Shandong’s main production areas, such as Jinan and Linyi,to investigate and summarize the common diseases, incidence patterns, medication types, and pesticide residue status of S.miltiorrhiza, which may also provide foundational data to aid in S. miltiorrhiza production.The findings showed 10 common diseases in S.miltiorrhiza, and a total of 20 categories and 43 types of pesticides, including biopesticides and compound formulations, were used in its management. The varieties of pesticides used were all in compliance with drug use regulations, but issues, such as the lack of pesticide registration,lack of guidance on prevention and control technology, and insufficient promotion of biological control, were found. This article aims to provide a basis for the scientific prevention and control of S. miltiorrhiza diseases, and to promote the green and sustainable development of the S. miltiorrhiza industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship heave motion prediction method based on wavelet transform and improved time series model LIU Zhizhen, HUANG Lumeng, SUN Yapeng, ZHANG Ying, LIU Zhendong Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 1-11.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240019 Abstract （188）   HTML （377）    PDF（pc） （6283KB）（173）       Knowledge map    Save Lag in detecting ship heave motion signals severely affects the performance of ocean heave compensation systems. Therefore, accurate heave motion prediction can effectively improve the stability and real-time performance of these systems. To improve the engineering practicability of a heave motion prediction model, we designed an autoregressive time-series model featuring high calculation efficiency, simple programing, and a small accumulation error. Moreover, to further address the poor adaptability of the model to nonlinear and nonstationary complex sea conditions and long-term predictions, we developed a combined prediction model based on wavelet transform and improved autoregression using the wavelet multiscale analysis method and achieved online multistep prediction of heave motions by decomposing and transforming historical data, reconstructing sub-sequence prediction, and forecasting data synthesis. Finally, theoretical testing and experiments were conducted on stationary random waveforms and nonstationary waveforms measured on ships. The analysis results show that the combined model exhibits good prediction performance and can effectively reduce the control error of the ocean heave compensation system caused by the lag in the heave motion signal detection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of anti-aging mechanism of Panax quinquefolius L. by network pharmacology and molecular docking FAN Wei, SHEN Chuanlin, ZHANG Xuanming, DU Xingshuo, ZHAN Wen, SUN Chen, JIN Meng, LI Xiaobin, ZHANG Sichen, SUN Botong, HE Qiuxia Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 42-50.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240005 Abstract （188）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （4085KB）（600）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to explore the potential effective ingredients and mechanism of action of Panax quinquefolius L. in anti-aging based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. The anti-aging activity of P. quinquefolius L. was evaluated in a zebrafish aging model. The active ingredients of P. quinquefolius L. and their potential targets related to anti-aging were screened using databases, and protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were mapped to screen core targets. Enrichment analysis and molecular docking verification of the core targets were performed. SA-β-Gal staining results showed that P. quinquefolius L. exerted significant anti-aging activity.Database screening identified 11 active ingredients and 53 potential core targets of P. quinquefolius L. in anti-aging, such as AKT1, STAT3, and JUN. The results of GO and KEGG analysis showed that the anti-aging effects of P. quinquefolius L. may involve factors including xenobiotic stimulus response, negative regulation of apoptotic processes, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that polyacetylene PQ-2 and PQ-2 were tightly bound with their core targets, and tight binding was also seen with AKT1 and HRAS with various active ingredients. P. quinquefolius L. may act on multiple targets such as AKT1, HRAS, and MAPK1 through polyacetylene PQ-2, PQ-2, and other ingredients, and then regulate multiple pathways such as endocrine resistance, ErbB signaling pathway, and other mechanisms to exert an anti-aging effect.Collectively, these dataprovide a theoretical basis for the application of P. quinquefolius L. in anti-aging. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism by which Gandouling tablets improve ferroptosis in hepatolenticular degeneration through PKCβⅡ/ACSL4/ALOX5 signaling pathway regulation WU Bojin, DONG Ting, WEN Yuya, TIAN Liwei, ZHAO Chenling Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 34-44.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230170 Abstract （183）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （3992KB）（779）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigates the effects of Gandouling (GDL) tablets on ferroptosis in hepatolenticular degeneration in TX mice and their mechanism of action on the ferroptosis of HT22 cells induced by CuCl2, based on the PKCβII/ACSL4/ ALOX5 signaling pathway. TX mice were divided into five groups: control, model, GDL tablet, Fer-1, and Glutathione. HT22 cells were also divided into five groups: control, model, GDL tablet, Fer-1, and GDL tablet + Fer-1. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect the pathological changes in the hippocampus tissues of the mice. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 in the hippocampus tissues and HT22 cells of the mice, as well as the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in HT22 cells. The content of Fe2+ in the hippocampus tissues of the mice was detected via microassay. The levels of SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px in HT22 cells were detected by microplate assay. Finally, the expression of PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 mRNA in HT22 cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the control group, the hippocampus tissues of mice in the model group showed clear damage; the protein expression of PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 showed a clear increase; the protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 decreased significantly; and Fe2+content increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the pathological damage to hippocampus tissues showed improvements in the GDL tablet, Fer-1, and Glutathione group with the effects being noticeable in the GDL tablet group. It was possible to inhibit ferroptosis of HT22 cells in the GDL tablet and Fer-1 group and significantly lower their expression of PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 protein and mRNA in comparison to the model group(P<0.05). The MDA contentalso decreased significantly (P<0.05) while the SOD activity and the GSH-Px content increased significantly(P<0.05). Thus, GDL tablets can inhibit ferroptosis in hippocampus tissues of TX mice andinhibit ferroptosis induced by CuCl2 in HT22 cells. Moreover, the ferroptosis mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 signaling pathway and the attenuation of intracellular lipid peroxidation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the active components and mechanism of action of antithrombotic Xuefuzhuyu oral liquid based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology LIN Shenghua, XUE Chang, MA honglin, FAN Wei, SHEN Chuanlin, CHEN Jiayu, SUN Botong, DU Xingshuo, ZHAN Wen, LI Xiaobin, ZHANG Shanshan, JIN Meng, HE Qiuxia Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 26-33.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230130 Abstract （181）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （3490KB）（1667）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to reveal the mechanism of Xuefuzhuyu oral liquid in treating thrombotic diseases and to explore its effective antithrombotic active ingredients. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database was used to search for the active ingredients or related components of Xuefuzhuyu oral liquid. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database to obtain the core targets. A “component-target”network diagram was constructured using Cytoscape, which was used to perform topological,GO and KEGG enrichment analyses on core components to predict the antithrombotic mechanism action. Molecular docking was conducted on the key components and action targets according to the degree ranking. 81 core components, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ALB, and AKT1 were obtained via network topology analysis screening.A total of 304 biological processes (BPs), 72 molecular functions, and 41 cell components were analyzed using GO enrichment analysis, and pathway enrichment yielded 80 signaling pathways, such as the coagulation cascade responseand TNF pathway.Molecular docking results showed that Sainfuran, Xambioona, and 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone have good affinity with target proteins ESR1, F2, IL-2, KDR, MET, and MMP3. This study provides a reference for the application of Xuefuzhuyu oral liquid in antithrombotic therapies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage system and its operating characteristics JIANG Jiahui, WANG Zijie, CHI Ran, CHEN Wei, XUE Xiaodai, ZHANG Tong, ZHANG Xuelin, ZHANG Bin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 93-104.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230127 Abstract （176）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （4692KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save As a novel energy storage method, compressed supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) energy storage offers several advantages, such as high energy storage density, compact structure, long service life, and negative carbon emissions. Therefore, it has a broad application prospect in the energy storage and conversion. In this study, a dynamic mathematical model for the compressed sCO2 energy storage system (SC-CCES) was established based on the mass conservation and energy conservation laws and the reliability of the model was verified. Additionally, dynamic simulations of the SC-CCES system with single-stage compression and single-stage expansion were performed using Matlab/Simulink. Under the designed operating conditions, the energy storage efficiency of the SC-CCES system was found to be 51.98%, with an energy storage density of 447.8 kWh/m3. The energy storage density of the SC-CCES system was more than 20 times higher than that of a traditional compressed air energy storage system. Furthermore, the impact of different high-pressure tank inlet pressures on system performance was analyzed. The results showed that the energy storage efficiency increases with the increase of the inlet pressure of the high-pressure storage tank, while the energy storage density is exactly the opposite. This study provides a basis for the development of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermodynamic analysis of the regenerative cycle in an ammonia gas turbine SHEN Zhixuan, LIANG Shiqiang Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 64-73.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240041 Abstract （176）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （3420KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save In the pursuit of bridging the energy demand gap and striving for a pristine environment, ammonia fuel has emerged as one of the most promising fuels of the future. Zero carbon emissions, high energy density, and low production and transportation costs make it a promising candidate. However, challenges persist regarding the overall efficiency of pure ammonia combustion. This paper proposes a regenerative cycle in an ammonia gas turbine that matches the reheat Rankine cycle, considering the maximum temperature of the exhaust gas from the turbine and phase transition temperature of liquid ammonia in the turbine cycle. We conducted a thermodynamic analysis and evaluated the system performance based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics and analyzed the influence of the inlet temperature and pressure of the ammonia gas turbine on the overall cycle performance. The results indicate that the combined cycle has improved the efficiency of the ammonia gas turbine by up to 33.38% and the maximum efficiency achieved by the combined thermodynamic cycle is 60.13%,when the inlet temperature of an ammonia gas turbine does not exceed 1 400 ℃ and the inlet pressure remains below 0.5 MPa. Furthermore, the combined cycle exhibits outstanding thermodynamic properties and energy recovery rates. Additionally, the efficiency of the regenerative cycle increases with increasing the inlet temperature and pressure of the ammonia gas turbine, provided that the inlet pressure does not exceed 5 MPa. New perspectives have been proposed to enhance the operational efficiency of ammonia-powered gas turbines and promote the efficient utilization of ammonia as a fuel. This study proposes novel perspectives towards enhancing the efficient utilization of ammonia fuel and the actual efficiency of ammonia gas turbine cycles, providing a forward-looking exploration for the energy utilization of ammonia gas turbine systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling, simulation and dynamic analysis of the energy stage of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system LI Shuangjiang, XIAO Feng, CHEN Wei, ZHANG Bin, ZHU Qing, WANG Zijie, WU yang Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 42-54.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230171 Abstract （173）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （5388KB）（627）       Knowledge map    Save Energy and environment problems are becoming increasingly prominent, renewable energy is developing rapidly, and its intermittency is one of the key problems restricting its development. Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) is an effective method to address the intermittency of renewable energy. In this study, a mathematical model for the energy storage stage of AA-CAES is established, and dynamic and sensitivity analysis of the conservation of energy, energy balance, and key parameters of each component are conducted. The results reveal that the proposed mathematical model follows the laws of conservation of energy and exergy balance; the exergy loss of the compressor is greater than that of the heat exchanger; energy and heat are mainly stored in heat transfer oil and high-pressure air, respectively; the deviation between compressor operating and design condition reduces the efficiency; the effect of the air flow rate and inlet temperature of the first-stage turbine on the operation time is greater than that of the storage temperature, adiabatic efficiency and stored air mass. This paper provides reference for adjusting parameters and optimizing energy storage system according to actual demand. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of activated charcoal impurity removal process for Xiaojianzhong mixture and its impacton the stability of the mixture’s preparations ZHANG Wei, LIU Zhenyuan, DU Haochen, GUO Tiantian, YANG Mei, WANG Shandong, HAN Pei, SONG Xiangyun, ZHANG Guimin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230126 Abstract （171）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （1222KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the clarity and stability of Xiaojianzhong mixture, the activated charcoal impurity removal process was selected to purify Xiaojianzhong mixture. The orthogonal test evaluation method was used; the evaluation factors were the amount of activated charcoal, boiling time, and the temperature of the solution during charcoal removal. Furthermore, the transfer rates of paeoniflorin and dry matter were used as evaluation indicators. Variance and visual analyses as well as accelerated stability tests were conducted to optimize the activated charcoal purification process for Xiaojianzhong mixture.In order to carry out these above experiments, three batches of Xiaojianzhong mixture preparations were produced for long-term stability testing. Results showed that the optimal parameters for the activated charcoal boiling purification process of Xiaojianzhong mixture preparations were 0.4% activated charcoal usage, 30 min of activated charcoal boiling time, and a liquid temperature of 100 ℃ during filtration. The average transfer rates of paeoniflorin and dry matter in expanded production under these process conditions were 75.24% and 89.08%, respectively. The optimal activated charcoal boiling purification process obtained from this test can ensure the clarity and stability of Xiaojianzhong mixture preparations while maximizing the retention of paeoniflorin and dry matter, thereby ensuring stable and uniform drug efficacy. This study provides a scientific and reasonable basis forclarifying and optimizing the parameters of the activated charcoal boiling purification process for Xiaojianzhong mixture. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Low-energy task-offloading method based on edge computing in internet of vehicles LI Lijuan, LI Yanqiang, TONG Xing, WANG Yong, ZHONG Zhibang Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 96-104.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240064 Abstract （171）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （2203KB）（1189）       Knowledge map    Save With the extensive development of intelligent transportation and eco-friendly travel, a low-energy task-offloading method based on edge computing in the internet of vehicles (IoV) is proposed to address the dual challenges of low-latency service demands and energy conservation in the IoV. In the context of multivehicle single-cell scenarios on public roads, this study explores the task-offloading requirements of vehicles in motion and systematically investigates the allocation of computational resources. To fully utilize computing resources, this study not only considers the computing power of vehicles but also introduces a new approach for offloading tasks to vehicle servers traveling in the same direction or parked along the roadside as well as to edge servers in roadside units. This enables the effective integration and efficient sharing of computing resources, thereby remarkably enhancing the processing capabilities of the IoV. Furthermore, this study employs an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize offloading power and task allocation ratios. Extensive simulation tests revealed that the proposed method significantly reduced the energy consumption of vehicle tasks and improved the service quality and energy efficiency of the IoV.It helps to promote green transportation and sustainable development, and lays a solid foundation for energy optimization and efficiency improvement of future intelligent transportation systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Method and application of concrete temperature monitoring for the Yellow River diversion sluice gates based on embedded distributed fiber optic sensing technology QU Jikai, QI Yueqiang, QU Shuai Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 54-61.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230163 Abstract （167）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （3936KB）（1041）       Knowledge map    Save Accurate measurement of temperature variations during the pouring and curing of concrete is of great importance for investigating concrete cracking during the construction of the Yellow River Diversion Project in the Yellow River Basin. Notably, the current construction projects involved in the Yellow River Diversion Project in the Yellow River Basin primarily use thermal imaging methods for surface temperature measurement, making it difficult to obtain real-time overall temperature characteristics of concrete. Therefore, to improve the ecological system of the Yellow River Basin and ensure high-quality development in the region, this research proposes a concrete-temperature monitoring method for the Yellow River Diversion Project based on implantable distributed fiber optic sensing;this method has been successfully used in the Yellow River Diversion Project in Shandong Province. Before concrete is poured, the sensing fiber opthic cable is prelaid on both sides of the involved structural-steel bars, enabling real-time and effective monitoring of the internal temperatures during the pouring and curing of concrete. This method is of great value for ensuring real-time analysis of the temperature of concrete throughout its lifecycle. Experimental results show that the use of implantable distributed fiber optic sensing allows real-time monitoring of temperature changes at various points in concrete and temperature anomalies during curing. Moreover, this method can be used to effectively analyze the overall temperature variation during curing. Using implantable distributed fiber optic sensing to monitor the concrete temperature for the Yellow River Diversion Project is of considerable reference value for similar engineering projects in the Yellow River Basin. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lane segmentation algorithm based on attention mechanism and dynamic snake convolution SONG Bailing, LI Xingyu, LIU Wei, DENG Junxi, MU Junqi Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 129-140.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240066 Abstract （157）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （5638KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save Lane detection is a remarkable practical application of computer vision technology in the field of transportation. However, existing semantic segmentation network models still face certain challenges such as insufficient accuracy and blurred edges in road semantic segmentation tasks. To address these issues, an improved lane segmentation network architecture based on the UNet model is proposed. First, a dual attention module (DAM) is introduced in the skip connections of the UNet model, which prioritizes the importance of lane lines and effectively reduces noise interference. Additionally, dynamic snake convolution (DSConv) is employed to replace traditional convolution methods, enhancing the network’s lane detection ability. To enhance the comprehensiveness and accuracy of lane detection in underexposed or dark backgrounds, an improved adaptive Gamma correction method is introduced in the image preprocessing stage. Furthermore, atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) technology is introduced at the end of the encoder to enhance network performance. Experimental results show that this model achieves an accuracy of 98.93% on the TuSimple dataset while meeting real-time requirements. Compared to five other semantic segmentation-based lane detection algorithms, the proposed algorithm demonstrates superior recognition performance, thus validating its effectiveness. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantum computing-based optimization method for train short-turn routing with flexible composition YUAN Ye, XU Hao, LU Xueyong, LI Wenxin, XU Huizhang, YANG Xin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 94-103.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240003 Abstract （155）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （2422KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save The joint optimization of train timetable and short-turn routing under the flexible composition mode are restricted by various factors such as train timetables, passenger dynamic equations, and train composition adaptability. The coupling of constraints increases the complexity of the problem, making it difficult to solve using traditional optimization methods.This paper introduces the quantum computing method to address the problem. We built a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model to minimize the number of gathered passengers across all stations along the transit line. Furthermore, we used the real coherent Ising machine(CIM) to solve this problem. The numerical results show that the real coherent Ising machine has obvious advantages in computing efficiency and optimization performance compared with other classical algorithms. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative evaluation of digital economy policy texts in Shandong Province WANG Chen, ZHAO Yanqing, ZHANG Mingjun Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 111-121.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240042 Abstract （155）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （2229KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save Digital economy policies are critical for guiding the promotion and regulation of activities within a digital economy. Analyzing these policies quantitatively can significantly support the formulation and enhancement of related strategies. This paper used text mining techniques and the Policy Modeling Consistency index model to construct an evaluation framework comprising 9 primary variables and 35 secondary variables as indicators for quantitatively assessing digital economy policies within Shandong Province. Of the ten selected samples of digital economy policies, researchers rated three as excellent, three as good, three as satisfactory, and one as inadequate. Research findings indicated that digital economy policies in Shandong Province were generally effective, showing a certain degree of scientific rigor. In the future, policy optimization should focus on policy timeliness, scope, and perspectives. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Durability and resilience of Nanjing Rail Transit Network GAO Zhanyi, ZHU Chengjuan, HAN Linghui Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 105-111.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230093 Abstract （152）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （2155KB）（362）       Knowledge map    Save This study first constructs a topological structure model of the rail transit network based on the Space L network topology method. Herein, upon analyzing network characteristics using UCINET as a basis, the maximum connected subgraph ratio and overall network efficiency are selected as indicators to analyze the resilience of the rail transit network. Then, the article comprehensively analyzes the attribute values of nodes and employs the TOPSIS method to rank the importance of nodes using the coefficient of variation for weighting. Then network resilience is analyzed by destroying individual nodes with high importance, and network recovery is achieved through indicator-based ranking restoration strategies, ultimately yielding the average resilience value of the rail transit network. Furthermore, the resilience and robustness of the rail transit network of Nanjing in 2022 is analyzed based on the established model. Results show that nodes with high degree values often have a greater impact on resilience than other indicators. Prioritizing the repair of nodes with the highest degree values leads to the greatest increase in network efficiency, whereas repairing nodes with the highest closeness to the center has less impact on network efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of effluent total nitrogen in wastewater treatment using LSTM neural network YU Mingquan, SHI Haoming Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 116-124.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240010 Abstract （152）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （3441KB）（387）       Knowledge map    Save The effluent total nitrogen (TN) is one of the key indicators for assessing the biological denitrification performance of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs). To mitigate the prevalent issue of excessive TN discharges from WTTPs, we proposed a real-time prediction model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. We performed Pearson correlation analysis to determine model inputs and used grid search algorithm to optimize model hyperparameters. Then, we used the proposed model to predict the actual effluent TN in a WWTP in Chongqing and compared its predictive performance with that of traditional time-series models. Results indicate that the proposed model can effectively predict effluent TN with an average absolute error of 0.911 mg/L, an average root mean square error of 1.074 mg/L, and an average absolute percentage error of 11.28%. All of these performance indicators surpass those of the recurrent neural network and ARIMA models. The proposed model can serve as the foundation for effective monitoring of effluent TN. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of action indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch in improving ulcerative colitis QU Xinyan, LI Qingjun, DING Xingchun, SONG Yingying Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 17-24.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230176 Abstract （143）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （2925KB）（99）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism action of indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch in improving ulcerative colitis. Dextran sulfate sodium salt was used to induce acute ulcerative colitis in mice. Indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch was then used to target the colon with the delivery of indole-3-acetic acid. This was combined with the administration of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibitor to analyze the mice in terms of colon length; disease activity index; and levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor β1, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin-22 in the colon, which were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the relative expression levels of the colonic tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1, and CYP1A1. Flow cytometry was used to test the ratio of regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The results showed that administration of indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch significantly alleviated the shortening of the colon length; significantly reduced the disease activity index and the levels of interleukin-6 and myeloperoxidase; significantly promoted the expression of interleukin-10, transforming growth factor β1, interleukin-22, CYP1A1, occludin, and ZO-1; significantly increased the proportion of regulatory T cells; and significantly reduced the proportion of T helper 17 cells. Administration of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibitor weakened the effect of indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch. These results together suggest that acetylated high-amylose maize starch can improve ulcerative colitis by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quality evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum as a medicinal material based on polysaccharides and entropy-weighted TOPSIS YANG Zhicheng, SUN Caihong, YE Guan Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 31-41.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240044 Abstract （139）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1933KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save A comprehensive quantitative model that evaluates Ganoderma lucidum as a medicinal material was established based on polysaccharides and entropy-weighted technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) to provide a reference for the quality evaluation of G. lucidum as a medicinal material and selecting the best batches. Initially, the yield, sugar composition, total sugar content, protein content, and uronic acid content of crude polysaccharides were determined formultiple batches of G. lucidum medicinal materials from the same origin. Subsequently, the data were nondimensionalized. Finally, entropy-weighted TOPSIS was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of G.lucidum polysaccharides from different batches to establish the optimal standard. The yield, component content detection, and cluster heat map analysis of the polysaccharides showed that the polysaccharide yield and the total sugar and uronic acid content of G. lucidum medicinal materials from different batches varied significantly, whereas differences in the sugar composition and protein content were relatively minor. Polysaccharide yield and intrinsic indicators of the G. lucidum medicinal materials were not related to their origin. Entropy weight analysis showed that the polysaccharide yield weight coefficient was the largest at 23.68%, followed by total sugar at 21.35% and uronic acid content at 13.24%. The TOPSIS ranking and grouping results showed that cultivated G. lucidum fruiting bodies and red G. lucidum polysaccharides had better comprehensive scores. The quality of G. lucidum medicinal materials differ widely among different batches from the same origin. Entropy-weighted TOPSIS based on multi-index comprehensive evaluation achieved rapid, efficient, and accurate optimization of the source for G. lucidum polysaccharide extractasa medicinal material and has broad application prospects in production and comprehensive quality evaluation. This study provides a reference for the quality evaluation of other Chinese medicinal and decoction materials. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus-Trichosanthis Fructu pairing in regulating heart failure complicated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on systems pharmacology and molecular docking FANG Mengxiang, CHENG Cheng, CAO Mingchen, REN Wei, YANG Zhiwei, LI Wenjing, XIN Xiaowei, LIU Yuefen, XU Long Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 45-55.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230131 Abstract （139）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （7528KB）（1458）       Knowledge map    Save We used the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify targets associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure(HF). Then, we explored the chemical composition and targets of Fritillaria thunbergii-Trichosanthis fructus to determine their potential to regulate COPD complicated by HF. We analyzed the target function and pathway annotation to create a network of tissue-specific protein-protein interactions (PPI).A total of 227 targets were involved in regulating COPD complicated by HF progression through Fritillaria thunbergii-Trichosanthis fructus, including 153 upregulated and 74 downregulated genes.Topological analysis showed that the average median of the PPI network was 0.4, and the average degree value was 1.83, with key targets including RPS23, SNU13, NOL6, ELAVL1. The cellular components were mainly located in the endomembrane system, nuclear endosomes, and extracellular vesicles. Biological processes mainly involved vesicle-mediated transport, microtubule-based motility, and intracellular protein transport.The relevant signaling pathway was the MAPK signaling pathway.MCODE analysis revealed two core clusters: Cluster 1 involves genes such as TKT,ENO1, NCL, and KIF1B, which are involved in regulating the Golgi transport of kinesin and estrogen, and Cluster 2 involves genes such as SIN3B, PHF20, CTBP1, and XPNPEP1, which are involved in the regulation of histone-associated responses.Tissue-specific PPI networks in the auricles, left ventricle, and lungs suggest that the Fritillaria thunbergii-Trichosanthis fructus pairing may affect the progression of COPD complicated by HF through the regulation of the ELAVL1-ENO1-NCL axis.Molecular docking showed that the binding of trichosanic acid, the main active ingredient involved in relieving the chest and dispersing mass, and peimisine, the main ingredient involved in dissipating phlegm and dispersing mass, to the protein targets ELAVL1, ENO1, and NCL was highly stable, and that the binding of peimisine to said three target proteins was stronger than that of trichosanic acid.This indicates that the combination of the two ingredients is first used to treat the lungs and then to regulate the heart, and that they are mutually necessary, resulting in therapeutic effects on both the heart and lungs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of global precipitation at middle and low latitudes WANG Qiuyan, SONG Xiuyu, YANG Fan, LI Yaoru Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 125-134.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240013 Abstract （138）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （9391KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the monthly average global precipitation data from January 1982 to April 2022, this study discusses the spatial distribution and time series of mode one and mode two using the cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) method; analyzes the spatial distribution, seasonal variation characteristics, and interannual variation characteristics of global marine precipitation at low and middle latitudes; and discusses the possible causes of these variations. Results show that the interannual variation of precipitation exhibits periodic characteristics, with the main areas experiencing variations being distributed in the tropical Pacific region; additionally, the spatial field of mode one demonstrates an east-west inverse phase distribution, which is stronger in winter than in summer. The seasonal variation of the spatial field of mode two is more complex than that of mode one, with the high-value positive and negative variability regions demonstrating an east-west inverse phase distribution in winter and negative variability regions dominating in summer with weaker intensity. ENSO has an important impact on the interannual variations of precipitation. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of mode one are primarily affected by the ENSO phenomenon, while those of mode two are mainly affected by the El Niño Modoki phenomenon. The main precipitation variation characteristics are affected by the superposition of these two phenomena. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the quality standards of Huanglian Hupo Qingxin pills ZHANG Xiaodan, HE Xiaodong, GAO Yan, YANG Longfei, ZHANG Guanqun, YU Zixiang, LIU Mingjun, WANG Yafei, GENG Zangjia, ZHAO Bonian Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 17-25.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230165 Abstract （134）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （2329KB）（159）       Knowledge map    Save To establish a method for the qualitative and quantitative assay of Huanglian Hupo Qingxin pills and provide abasis for the subsequent establishment of quality standards, the six ingredients in the formula (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, Fructus Choerospondiatis, Terminalia Chebula, CoptidisRhizoma, Flos Gossampini, and Semen Myristicae)were identified through microscopical observation. Thin-layer chromatography was used to identify Terminalia Chebula. Berberine hydrochloride concentration was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography.Microscopical and thin-layer identifications of Huanglian Hupo Qingxin pills were conducted,which revealed a berberine hydrochloride concentration of 0.018 0~0.902 0 mg/mL,exhibiting a good linear relationship. The assay method was found to bescientific, sensitive, and reproducible, with relative standard deviations(RSDs)for precision, stability, and reproducibility tests all below 3.0%. The average recovery rate from spike-and-recovery testing was 101.29%, with an RSD of 2.30%.The established quality standardis simple and reproducible and can be used for studying the quality standards of Huanglian Hupo Qingxin pills. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A precise highway toll prediction model based on iTransformer WANG Hengkun, GU Jin, SONG Zhifan, WANG Jiangfeng Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 120-128.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240055 Abstract （133）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （3068KB）（307）       Knowledge map    Save The prediction of highway tolls is affected by complex factors such as holidays and unexpected events. Traditional prediction methods often fail to fully account for intricate interactions between these multiple factors, resulting in less-than-ideal prediction accuracy. By leveraging the self-attention mechanism, large language models can better fit complex spatiotemporal data and have enhanced feature learning capabilities, making them highly effective for precise highway toll prediction. Therefore, this study proposes a highway toll prediction model based on iTransformer. This model embeds temporal information as an independent dimension into the input sequence and reverses the roles of the self-attention mechanism and feed-forward network, thereby allowing the model to more accurately capture the dynamic features of time series and correlations between multiple variables. Case studies show that the proposed model improves the average prediction accuracy by 23.47% and 17.84% compared with the SARIMA and LSTM models, respectively, in regular scenarios. In irregular scenarios, the model demonstrates even better predictive performance, improving the accuracy by 70.92% and 45.64%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed model indicates that it is highly sensitive to the number of feed-forward network layers and stacked encoder layers but is less sensitive to changes in the number of attention heads. Thus, this study provides a new methodological approach for addressing the challenges associated with toll prediction in complex traffic environments and has significant implications in terms of improving the accuracy of highway toll predictions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioinformatics-based verification of the mechanism of Haitongpi-Tougucao in inhibiting ferroptosis in inflammatory chondrocytes XU Mengyu, WU Tianju, HUANG Lu, LIU Xin, ZHAO Jiarong, YOU Yuanyuan Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 23-31.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240049 Abstract （131）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （2788KB）（301）       Knowledge map    Save Based on bioinformatics, this study validates the mechanism of action of Haitongpi-Tougucao (compound Haitongpi) in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ferroptosis in rat inflammatory chondrocytes. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the mechanism of action of ferroptosis in osteoarthritis and identify pathways for validation. The key techniques used were as follows: the detection of ferrous ion content and reduced glutathione (GSH) content using relevant kits; the detection of cell viability and the levels of related cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after dosing; and the use of protein immunoblotting (western blot, WB) to detect the protein expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, and GPX4, a gene that inhibits ferroptosis, related to the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in each group. The results revealed that the ferrous ion content was significantly decreased,while the GSH content was significantly increased; the ELISA experiment showed that the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were decreased in each group administered with the drug compared with those in the model group; the WB results showed that the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and ASC proteins were significantly decreased and GPX4 protein expression levels were significantly increased in each group administered with a specific dosage of the drug compared with those in the model group. Therefore, the compound Haitongpi can intervene in the ferroptosis of inflammatory chondrocytes by mediating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, thereby achieving the purpose of osteoarthritis treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on comprehensive utilization of high-speed railway hub stations ZHANG Jie, HE Shiwei, ZHAO Rixin, CHEN Minyu, LIU Jie Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 121-130.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230098 Abstract （131）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （1784KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save To make comprehensive use of the passenger transportation resources in a high-speed railway hub, this study explores the division of labor among passenger stations within a high-speed railway hub. Herein, a multiobjective programming model was developed with the objectives of minimizing the total train operation time and coordinating the capacities of the stations in the hub. The augmented ε-constraint algorithm was used to solve the approximate nondominated frontier of the model. Using the Zhengzhou high-speed railway hub as a case study, the differences between the existing plan and the optimized plan and their adaptabilities were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. The results show that the augmented ε-constraint algorithm can identify high-quality representative nondominated solutions for the proposed model. Moreover, the optimized plan can reduce the train operation time within the hub and enhance the coordination of station capacity utilization. Thus, this study provides reliable references and reasonable suggestions for decision-making regarding capacity expansion, transformation, and optimization of high-speed railway hub areas. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study based on network pharmacology and experimental verification exploring the mechanism of quercetin against colorectal cancer through the p53 signaling pathway HAN Huijie, LIU Hui, ZHAO Yongbo, WANG Songpo Shandong Science    2025, 38 (1): 32-43.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240052 Abstract （128）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （4164KB）（246）       Knowledge map    Save Based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments, this study explores the molecular mechanism of quercetin against colorectal cancer through the p53 signaling pathway. The drug targets quercetin, and the disease targets colorectal cancer, which was obtained via the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Gene Cards database, respectively. The common drug and disease targets were mapped using a Venn diagram, and the protein-protein interaction network map was constructed with the help of the String database and Cytoscape_v3.7.2 software. At the same time, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, molecular docking, core target expression, and survival analysis were also performed. Finally, cell proliferation activity, level of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and changes in the expression of core targets and key proteins of the p53 pathway were detected through cellular experiments. Network pharmacology suggests that AKT1 and TP53 are the core targets of quercetin against colorectal cancer, GO and KEGG analysis demonstrate that quercetin is mainly involved in the PI3K/Akt and p53 signaling pathways, molecular docking demonstrates that quercetin exhibits strong binding activity with the core targets AKT1 and TP53, and TP53 is found to be both highly expressed in colorectal cancerand also affect the survival and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. The results of cellular experiments show that quercetin can inhibit the proliferation of HCT-116 cells, induce G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest in HCT-116 cells, and promote apoptosis. This mechanism may regulate core targets such as TP53 and AKT1, activate the p53 signaling pathway, participate in the proliferation and apoptosis of HCT-116 cells, and thus function to resist colorectal cancer. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on short-term passenger flow prediction for a subway airport line based on Stacking ensemble learning YANG An’an, HAN Xingyu, TIAN Kuang, LIU Zeyuan, MING Wei Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 112-120.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230123 Abstract （127）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （4426KB）（458）       Knowledge map    Save The highly dynamic nature of subway airport line passenger flows and their susceptibility to the influence of airport flight schedules present challenges for accurate short-term forecasting of passenger flow. This study integrates airport flight information and historical passenger flow data from airport lines to construct a short-term passenger flow forecasting model based on a stacking ensemble model. The model incorporates random forest (RF), LightGBM (light gradient boosting machine), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), and logistic regression algorithms to act as ensemble learners. The proposed model is validated using data from the Beijing Subway Daxing Airport Line and is compared against two baseline models, namely informer and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The results indicate that the dual-channel prediction, which considers flight information and historical passenger flows, outperforms the single-channel prediction solely based on historical passenger flows. The results also indicate that the stacking model demonstrates superior performance across all metrics. Particularly, the best prediction performance is achieved at a 96 step (24 h) forecast horizon, with mean absolute error of 7.66 and 4.67 for inbound and outbound passenger flow predictions, respectively. Analysis of the impact of flight information characteristics on the prediction model reveals that departure flight information is of relatively lower importance than that of arrival flights, which is attributed to large differences in advance arrival times for departing passengers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics