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Progress and development trends in the use of zebrafish as a model organism for evaluating cosmetic efficacy XIA Qing, ZANG Xiaohan, WANG Yongcheng, ZHANG Yun, LI Peihai, ZHANG Xuanming, LIU Kechun Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 36-46.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240016 Abstract （262）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （3892KB）（281）       Knowledge map    Save Zebrafish models have been widely used in various fields such as drug screening, pharmacology, and toxicology research. In recent years, with the implementation of regulations such as the standard for the Evaluation of Cosmetic Efficacy Claims, cosmetic efficacy claims have entered into an era of strict supervision, which has led to higher standards for the scientific nature of the efficacy evaluation models and methods. The skin structure of zebrafish is highly similar to that of humans, with zebrafish also having transparent embryos that are easy to observe. Moreover, efficacy evaluation experiments using zebrafish offer advantages such as minimal sample dosage, shortened experimental cycles, and high-throughput capacity. Consequently, zebrafish have become a popular research topic in the field of cosmetic efficacy evaluation. Based on bibliometric methods, this study analyzes the relevant literature on the use of zebrafish to evaluate cosmetic efficacy over the past decade. The study provides an overview of the progress of the application of zebrafish in cosmetic efficacy evaluation, and examines the development dynamics and trends through comprehensive analysis. This is so as to provide a reference for the application of zebrafish models in the cosmetics industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on cascading failures in complex networks ZHANG Duyu, WU Jianjun, YANG Xin, MA Zhi’ao, ZHU Tianlei Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 85-96.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230179 Abstract （262）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （1910KB）（628）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of network science and the emergence of complex systems theory, scholars have embarked on in-depth research on the structural and dynamic properties of complex networks. Among the dynamic properties of complex networks, cascading failures, as one of the most important research areas, describe a situation where a fault or error in a system or process leads to the failures of other related components or links. Various models and recovery strategies have been proposed for cascading failures in complex networks. This study analyzes the mechanisms of cascading failures, provides a comprehensive summary on the development of domestic and international cascading failure in complex networks, outlines the recovery strategies for addressing cascading failures, and highlights the existing issues and shortcomings in current research, providing valuable insights for future studies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the research on the mechanism of action of Scutellaria baicalensis and its active ingredients in treating ulcerative colitis LUO Yaqin, HUANG Wei Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 20-28.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240017 Abstract （246）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （1112KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by persistent mucosal inflammation.Scutellaria baicalensis (also known as Huangqin), as a common traditional Chinese medicines used in clinical practice, is known for its efficacy at clearing internal heat,eliminating dampness, purging fire,eliminating toxins, stopping bleeding, and calming fetal activity. Its formulations, including Huangqin Decoction, Peony Decoction, and Pueraria, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction, are often used to treat damp-heat UC. Studies have shown that S. baicalensis and its active ingredients play an important role in protecting the intestinal mucosa, and have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This study reviews the mechanism of action of S. baicalensisand its active ingredients (baicalin,baicalein,oroxindin, wogonin, Scutellaria baicalensis polysaccharide, etc.) in the treatment of UC in recent years, including the protection and repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier, the active ingredients anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, effects against antioxidative stress, and regulation of intestinal flora, to provide a reference for targeted clinical treatment of UC and drug development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of marine environment monitoring methods based on GNSS technology QI Suiping, XU Xiaofei, LI Yunzhou, WANG Juncheng, DU Jun Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 1-11.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240023 Abstract （243）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （2142KB）（163）       Knowledge map    Save Real-time, accurate and reliable monitoring of marine environmental information plays a crucial role in marine disaster warning and prediction, disaster prevention and reduction, marine resource development, and ensuring marine safety. In recent years, with the continuous development and upgrading of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the detection of atmospheric and marine environmental information based on GNSS navigation signals has become a new method and a hot research topic in the marine environmental monitoring technology. This method has been widely applied to domains such as marine meteorological monitoring and numerical forecasting. This article systematically reviews the current research status of the GNSS technology in marine environmental monitoring, including effective wave height, wind speed, rainfall intensity, water vapor and tide level monitoring. Furthermore, this paper systematically summarizes new technologies and methods and looks forward to provide reference for the future research in related fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the mechanisms by which natural phenolic compounds alleviate hyperuricemia LIU Shuang, DONG Hongjing, CHEN Panpan, WANG Xiao Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 12-19.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240028 Abstract （216）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （1595KB）（865）       Knowledge map    Save Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder caused by the physiologic disorders in purine metabolism, resulting in increased serum uric acid levels, which can lead to gout in severe cases. HUA pathogenesis primarily involves enzyme dysfunction, urate transporter expression dysregulation, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, and intestinal homeostasis disruption. Numerous studies have reported the effectiveness of natural polyphenols in alleviating hyperuricemia and gout. This article summarizes HUA pathogenesis and the mechanisms of action of polyphenolic compounds in reducing uric acid, to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of uric acid-lowering drugs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Centerline extraction algorithm of structured light streak in a complex background GAO Qiuling, CHENG Wei, LI Wenlong, GE Hailong, HOU Xingqiang, SONG Ruhui, WEI Jiajie, JIA Tianshuo, CAI Xinyan Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 65-73.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230133 Abstract （206）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （2597KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save The most critical step in a line-structured light three-dimensional scan modeling system is to extract the centerline of the light stripe, but the interference of various environmental factors makes this extraction difficult. Several problems exists in a line-structured light streak image issues such as light spot interference, uneven distribution of light intensity, large differences in the width of the light bars, and complex background. This paper proposed a solution to overcome these problems. First, the structured light image is binarized using the Otsu method. Then, the improved density-based spatial clustering of applications with nose (DBSCAN) algorithm is used to retain the core points and remove the boundary and noise points. Finally, the core points are used as inputs to construct the graph data structure, and the shortest path search algorithm that fits the line-structured light streak image is used to obtain the center-line of the light streak. The experimental results show that the algorithm of this paper runs within 150 ms and the error is within 0.2 pixels. Moreover, this algorithm is applicable to various complex environments, meeting the requirements of real-time calculations, accuracy, and stability. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancements in network pharmacology and zebrafish modeling for studying traditional Chinese medicine’s effective substances and mechanisms of action LIU Kechun, WANG Yongcheng, ZANG Xiaohan, XIA Qing, ZHANG Yun, ZHANG Shanshan, SUN Chen Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 29-35.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240014 Abstract （195）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （1872KB）（176）       Knowledge map    Save Network pharmacology, which is highly consistent with the holistic and systematic perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with its multiple components and targets, has rapidly developed in the modernization of TCM. Experimental verification is one of the key contents of network pharmacology research. The zebrafish model has a complete system of drug metabolism, as well as a complex in vivo environment and target and pathway regulation mechanisms. Experiments that utilize this model have the advantages of low drug dosage, high throughput, and short cycle time. In recent years, the research mode that combines network pharmacology prediction with experimental validation using the zebrafish model has been widely applied to elucidate the effective substances and mechanisms of action of TCM. This study reviews the progress and development trends in the comprehensive application of network pharmacology and zebrafish modeling, aiming to provide a reference for their application in elucidating the modern scientific implications of the efficacy of TCM. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on microbial regulation technologies to reduce nitrogen loss in agricultural soils XU Dongning, WU Xiaoqing, ZHOU Fangyuan, FAN Susu, ZHANG Xinjian, XIAO Guiqing, WANG Jianing Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 117-126.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240004 Abstract （172）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1109KB）（1123）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen fertilizers provide the nitrogen necessary for crop growth in modern agricultural production, but their excessive use in the long term leads to waste of resources, economic losses and profound negative environmental impacts. Microorganisms play a critical role in the nitrogen cycle; therefore, there is a significant need for further research in this field. Here, we summarize our findings on the mechanisms and processes by which microorganisms drive the soil nitrogen cycle, including nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, and nitrogen assimilation/dissimilation. We further summarize microbial technologies and strategies for mitigating agricultural nitrogen loss and improving agricultural sustainability, such as nitrogen fixation, greenhouse gas emission reduction, nitrogen bioretention, and ammonia volatilization. These strategies illustrate the potential of microorganisms in reducing the dependence on nitrogen fertilizers and increasing crop yields, while also highlighting the challenges of research and effective field application of these technologies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of potential antiepileptic active ingredients in Rhizoma Gastrodiae based on zebrafish model and metabolomics technology CHEN Shanjun, WANG Huan, HU Kaiqing, BI Wenjie, CHENG Guidong, WANG Songsong, HAN Liwen, WANG Xiaojing Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 1-9.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230089 Abstract （171）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （3004KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save Identifying potential antiepileptic active ingredients in Rhizoma Gastrodiae is of immense significance for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy. In this study, we used a larval zebrafish epilepsy model to evaluate the antiepileptic activity of Rhizoma Gastrodiae from two different regions. In addition, we employed metabolomics technology based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry/QE plus to detect the ingredients in Rhizoma Gastrodiae and performed pattern analysis to identify key differential metabolites. The metabolites were further identified using primary and secondary mass spectrometry data and literature references. This step was followed by the confirmation of their antiepileptic activity using the zebrafish epilepsy model. The results showed that nine extracts of Rhizoma Gastrodiae significantly reduced the number of whirls in zebrafish, and significant differences in antiepileptic activity were observed between the Rhizoma Gastrodiae samples from the two regions (P<0.05). Metabolomics and pattern analysis identified six important differential metabolites (Parishin E, Gastrodin, Parishin C, Parishin D, N6-p-hydroxybenzyl adenosine, and 4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether). Activity verification results showed that Parishin E, Gastrodin, and N6-p-hydroxybenzyl adenosine significantly inhibited zebrafish epilepsy-like behavior. This study utilized the zebrafish model and metabolomics to identify and determine several active antiepileptic ingredients in Rhizoma Gastrodiae. Of these, Parishin E and N6- p-hydroxybenzyl adenosine were reported for the first time to exhibit antiepileptic activity, thereby serving as a valuable reference for further research on the antiepileptic effects of Rhizoma Gastrodiae. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A numerical comparison of methods for solving the gate allocation problem based on robustness simulation LIU Haibin, WANG Jubo, BA Bosheng, WANG Ruixin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 104-116.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230167 Abstract （165）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （2407KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save Frequent delays of flights at large international airports can affect their smooth operation, hence, the airport apron allocation problem needs to be robustly optimized. In this study, we proposed two integer linear-programing models for solving this problem and used two algorithms for performance comparison: the hill-climbing and large-neighborhood search (LNS) metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, we used the Monte Carlo method to evaluate the effectiveness of different objective functions in dealing with flight conflicts. The final test results show that the LNS algorithm not only improves the robustness of the gate allocation scheme for large airports but also excels in speed and quality, especially, when the square of idle time is used as the objective function. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characterization and identification of chemical constituents in Sedum sarmentosum Bung based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS technology ZHU Xinyi, YANG Chunguo, TIAN Haitao, HOU Miao, HAN Liwen, DENG Zhipeng Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 10-16.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230173 Abstract （158）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （2810KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save To develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatograpy-quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS)method for characterization and identification of chemical constituents in Sedum sarmentosum Bung.The separation was performed using a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.6 μm) with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid via gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min;the injection volume was 3.0 μL.Mass spectrometry was performed in positive and negative ionization modes with electrospray ionization. The chemical constituents were characterized and identified based on retention time, precise molecular weight, fragment ions,and comparison with the reference substances.The results of this study showed that 53 compounds were characterized and identified in Sedum sarmentosum Bung, including 25 flavonoids, 12 megastigmanes,11 organic acids,3 alkaloids and 2 other compounds.Five of these compounds were identified via comparison with reference compounds, and three compounds may have not been reported from Sedum sarmentosum Bung.The UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS method proposed in this study can rapidly and comprehensively characterize the chemical constituents in Sedum sarmentosum Bung and provide a reference basis for the research on quality control and atherapeutic material basis of Sedum sarmentosum Bung. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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To explore the pharmacodynamic substance basis of Cervi Cornus Colla based on cell membrane chromatography SUN Tiefeng, ZHAO Yu, WANG Ping, DING Xianglong, DING Lijun, WANG Jinguo Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230175 Abstract （149）   HTML （31）    PDF（pc） （2815KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Cell membrane chromatography/ultrahigh-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CMC/UPLC-MS) was used to screen the active ingredients, i.e., peptides, in the traditional Chinese medicine tablet Cervi cornus Colla, and the obtained spectra were analyzed using Maxquant software, Perseus software, and Uniprot database. Structures of these peptides were identified using Protein Data Bank, and their molecular properties such as their biological activity, adverse reactions, relative molecular mass, isoelectric point, and stability index were predicted using a bioinformatics platform. With an activity probability of 0.09, the peptides were identified as nontoxic, nonhemolytic, sensitizing, and highly hydrophilic, with a relative molecular mass of 1 541.68, a peptide chain length of 14, an isoelectric point of 3.92, and an instability index of 34.39.This method provides a feasible research approach for rapidly screening and identifying active ingredients(e.g., peptides and proteins) that exhibit pharmacological effects. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Complex system reliability LIU Yimeng, BAI Mingyang, ZHANG Xiaoke, LI Daqing Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 74-84.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240025 Abstract （143）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （2380KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of science and technology, the systematization, networking and intelligentization of the social technology system gradually deepen, forming the complexity of the system. The failures of these complex systems, such as traffic jams, rumor spreading, and financial collapse, can be regarded as a kind of "1+1<2" negative emergence of system capability, which is difficult to understand directly through the reduction analysis of system components. It challenges the classical reliability theory. Research on the complex systems reliability mainly focuses on failures laws, which includes two perspectives. One is the study of system vulnerability considering failure propagation. The other is the study of system adaptability considering failure recovery. System vulnerability studies focus on exploring the internal mechanism of system collapse, namely the failure propagation mechanism. System adaptability studies focus on the capacity to adapt and recover, including the system failure recovery mechanism. Based on this, the article introduces relevant research on reliability method. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution patterns and influencing factors of three types of soil extractable silicon in typical coastal wetlands JI Xiaohui, ZHAO Qingqing, ZHAN Haiyin, WANG Jianing, ZHANG Wen, HUANG Yujie, SONG Fanyong, WEI Xiaobing Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 95-102.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240048 Abstract （142）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （1826KB）（26）       Knowledge map    Save As the second most abundant element on earth, silicon plays an important role in soil biogeochemical processes. However, the geochemical characteristics of soil silicon in different forms in coastal wetlands still need further investigation. In this study, we selected four typical coastal wetlands (nonflooding Phragmites australis, tidal P. australis, freshwater P. australis, and tidal Suaeda salsa wetlands) as sampling sites and collected soils from 0 to 20 cm depth. Furthermore, we determined oxalate-extractable silicon, dithionite-citrate-extractable silicon, pyrophosphate-extractable silicon and analyzed their soil physical and chemical properties, distribution patterns, and influencing factors in typical coastal wetlands. Results showed that dithionite-citrate-extractable silicon and pyrophosphate-extractable silicon showed no significant differences among four wetlands (p>0.05), while oxalate-extractable silicon in nonflooding P. australis wetlands was significantly lower than tidal P. australis wetlands (p<0.05). As for the profile distribution, the three types of extractable silicon in soils from 0 to 10 cm were generally higher than in soils from 10 cm to 20 cm. Additionally, the correlation analysis revealed that soil organic matter, total nitrogen, bulk density, pH, silt and moisture were important factors influencing these three types of extractable silicon. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatiotemporal variation characteristics and climate impact analysis of vegetation NPP in Shandong Province LIU Jianjun, SUN Kaizheng, GONG Hualin, ZHU Yuling Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 103-110.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240008 Abstract （138）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （5199KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Based on MOD17A3 product data for Shandong Province from 2010 to 2022, this study uses univariate regression trend analysis, the coefficient of variation method, partial correlation analysis, and the Hurst index method to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) for the ecosystem of Shandong Province and analyze the impact of climate factors. Results demonstrate the fluctuating upward trend of vegetation NPP for Shandong Province in recent years, with an annual average of (398.03±150.20) g/(m2·a), higher than the national average and comparable with that of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Vegetation NPP varies considerably across different areas. The vegetation NPP in the eastern coastal hilly area is higher than that in the inland plain area. With respect to interannual variation, the overall vegetation NPP in Shandong Province is relatively stable. With regard to the variation trend of vegetation NPP, the areas of positive and negative trends are equivalent. The trend analysis shows that 27.86% of the areas show an increasing trend, whereas 33.49% show a decreasing trend. However, the areas that have shifted from the increasing trend to the decreasing trend are mostly in woodland areas with high vegetation NPP levels, and further research is needed. In general, a positive correlation exists between vegetation NPP and climate factors. Temperature has a wider and more considerable impact on vegetation NPP than precipitation; moreover, the correlation between vegetation NPP and climate factors is poor in plain agricultural areas. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The evolution model and simulation of the viral load of subway passengers LU Shoufeng, HUANG Zhikang, ZHAO Hongyun Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 97-103.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230108 Abstract （137）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （2440KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save A functional relationship was constructed between the probability of inhaling viruses and social distance to characterize the viral transmission of subway passengers at the microscopic level. Formulas for calculating the increase and decrease of viral load were constructed based on establishing the viral load evolution equation. Normalized parameters were used within this equation to describe the effect of pandemic prevention measures. The viral load of each passenger was programmed through the Anylogic software’s secondary development interface to characterize the viral load change at the pre- and post-infection phases. In the initial simulation settings, 10% of the passengers were infected with the virus, including ordinary carriers and supercarriers. The evolution of the virus under different passenger number conditions within subway carriages was simulated, which was categorized into with-control and without-control scenarios. The simulation results showed the following: as the number of passengers increases, the passenger density increases, the virus transmission increases, and the individual viral load increases rapidly. Isolating passengers with a viral load greater than a threshold of 1 000 and prohibiting them from taking the subway can reduce the viral load of all passengers by an order of magnitude. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship heave motion prediction method based on wavelet transform and improved time series model LIU Zhizhen, HUANG Lumeng, SUN Yapeng, ZHANG Ying, LIU Zhendong Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 1-11.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240019 Abstract （132）   HTML （376）    PDF（pc） （6283KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save Lag in detecting ship heave motion signals severely affects the performance of ocean heave compensation systems. Therefore, accurate heave motion prediction can effectively improve the stability and real-time performance of these systems. To improve the engineering practicability of a heave motion prediction model, we designed an autoregressive time-series model featuring high calculation efficiency, simple programing, and a small accumulation error. Moreover, to further address the poor adaptability of the model to nonlinear and nonstationary complex sea conditions and long-term predictions, we developed a combined prediction model based on wavelet transform and improved autoregression using the wavelet multiscale analysis method and achieved online multistep prediction of heave motions by decomposing and transforming historical data, reconstructing sub-sequence prediction, and forecasting data synthesis. Finally, theoretical testing and experiments were conducted on stationary random waveforms and nonstationary waveforms measured on ships. The analysis results show that the combined model exhibits good prediction performance and can effectively reduce the control error of the ocean heave compensation system caused by the lag in the heave motion signal detection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation model for the value of airport advertising spaces based on passenger traffic YANG Jun, MU Jianliang, YUAN Xiaoting, TANG Tieqiao, MU Xuanyu Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 103-110.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230140 Abstract （129）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （3256KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save The issue of the pricing of airport advertising revenue, a crucial component of non-aeronautical income in airports, holds significant importance in the operational management of airports. Currently, most airports in China commonly adopt a pricing mechanism based on historical price inertia, while also making adjustments to advertising prices by appropriately considering the total passenger flow for the current year. This pricing mechanism struggles to effectively reflect the true value of advertisements in different locations. This paper proposes a pricing mechanism based on passenger traffic to assess the relative value of advertising spaces within airport terminals. Utilizing a mathematical model combined with the physical layout, and flight and passenger data of the airport, we calculate the distribution of passenger traffic and subsequently evaluate the value of advertising spaces based on this information. Additionally, we apply this approach using sample data from the Capital International Airport. The findings demonstrate that the application of this model can reveal variations in the value of airport advertising spaces with the same media format across different spatial and temporal contexts. This lays the theoretical groundwork for airport advertising management entities to further implement differential dynamic pricing strategies and flexible advertising placement policies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization model and algorithm for multimodal railway-passenger transportation fares based on demand elasticity WANG Hongyin, YUAN Yuan, CUI Hongmeng, ZHENG Xuanchuan, SI Bingfeng Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 69-78.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230168 Abstract （128）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （1723KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the competitiveness of the railway-passenger transportation market and increase its operational revenue, this study investigates the multiobjective system optimization issue of multimodal railway-passenger transportation fares. A mathematical model was used to describe the equilibrium relationship among the demands of different railway-passenger transportation products. Sensitivity analysis was performed to provide a calculation method for the demand elasticity of multimodal railway-passenger transportation products, and a market demand function for multimodal railway-passenger transportation was formulated. Considering multiple optimization objectives such as market demand, passenger transportation revenue, and profit of railway-passenger transportation enterprises along with passenger transportation costs, we proposed a multiobjective bi-level planning model for describing the system optimization issue of multimodal railway-passenger transportation fares. Finally, we used real passenger transportation data of the railway line between Beijing and Tianjin to validate the proposed model. The results show that the proposed method can effectively balance multiple objectives such as passenger transportation demand, passenger transportation revenue, and profit, providing reference and support for railway-passenger transportation departments to develop scientifically reasonable fare systems in different market competition stages. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Six newly recorded plant species from Shandong Province LENG Zhenning, LIU Dan, BING Mengyao, HOU Yuanmian, HOU Yuantong Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 89-94.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240007 Abstract （126）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （2563KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save To ascertain the current status of plant resources and biodiversity in the Yellow River, Yishu River, Nansi Lake Basin and Weifang in Shandong Province, a comprehensive and detailed investigation was conducted by combining field investigation, specimen collection, indoor classification, and anatomical identification. The results identified 1 194 species of vascular plants belonging to 587 genera and 155 families. Among these, 6 species, namely Teucrium japonicum, Euphorbia heyneana, Echinochloa colona, Commelina diffusa, Braya humilis, and Bidens maximowicziana, were newly recorded in Shandong Province. The key identification characteristics of these species are described in this study, and the distribution status and application value are also discussed. The discovery of these plants not only enriches the background data of plant resources and plant diversity in Shandong, but also is significancant to the study of the systematic classification, floristic plant geography, and distribution patterns of related families and genera. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of fiber-type solar interfacial evaporator and the influence of water channels on heat loss YUAN Zhipeng, TIAN Shuo Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 35-41.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230160 Abstract （126）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （4438KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save The shortage of freshwater resources is a major global challenge. Solar-powered seawater desalination technology utilizes the naturally abundant resources of solar power and seawater as power and treatment sources, respectively. It is a sustainable solution to the problem of freshwater shortage and can minimize the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce carbon footprint. However, efficient and low-cost solar interfacial evaporators are still in short supply. In this study, we obtained photothermal fibers with optimal photothermal effects and efficient water transfer abilities through the hydrophilic modification of polyacrylonitrile fibers and the deposition of polypyrrole. Taking advantage of its flexible processing properties, an economical and efficient interfacial evaporator was prepared by wrapping fibers onto low-cost insulation material-expandable polystyrene.The heat and mass transfer law of interfacial evaporators with different numbers of water transfer channels was studied. This study provides a theoretical basis and new insights into the development of solar interfacial evaporators. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of antihyperlipidemia mechanism of Monopterus albus peptides based on hyperlipidemic zebrafish model and network pharmacology MA Shijing, HE Chunyan, GUAN Tianzhu, YAO Xueshuang, ZHANG Junpeng Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 27-38.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230120 Abstract （124）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （3879KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to explore the material basis and mechanism of action of Monopterus albus peptides against hyperlipidemia using hyperlipidemic zebrafish model and network pharmacology. Analysis of the ameliorating effects of Monopterus albus peptides on hyperlipidemia was conducted by constructing a hyperlipidemic zebrafish model and measuring the dye staining signal intensity of triglyceride and cholesterol fluorescence intensity changes. Monopterus albus peptides and disease targets were filtered using BIOPEP-UWM, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, STRING, and other databases. Target GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the DAVID bioinformatics software, and the Monopterus albus peptides-potential target-signaling pathway network and theprotein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed. The results showed that Monopterus albus peptides at mass concentrations of 62.5 μg/mL and 125.0 μg/mL significantly reduced the intensity of the triglyceride staining signal (p<0.01) and cholesterol fluorescence intensity (p<0.001) in the vasculature of hyperlipidemic zebrafish. The results of network pharmacology showed that there were 35 potentially active peptide sequences in Monopterus albus peptides, and 21 core targets were obtained by protein interaction analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that Monopterus albus peptides were mainly involved in biological processes such asregulation of lipid metabolic processes, and exertan antihyperlipidemia effect viainflammation regulation, insulin resistance, and lipid and atherosclerosis channels. Initially, this study confirmed that Monopterus albus peptides have an antihyperlipidemia effect, and revealed that Monopterus albus peptides have multiple active peptide fragments, multiple targets, and multiple channels in the biological process of reducing blood lipid levels, which will provide a theoretical basis and reference for further in-depth research on the material basis of Monopterus albus peptides and their role and application in countering hyperlipidemia. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of activated charcoal impurity removal process for Xiaojianzhong mixture and its impacton the stability of the mixture’s preparations ZHANG Wei, LIU Zhenyuan, DU Haochen, GUO Tiantian, YANG Mei, WANG Shandong, HAN Pei, SONG Xiangyun, ZHANG Guimin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230126 Abstract （123）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （1222KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the clarity and stability of Xiaojianzhong mixture, the activated charcoal impurity removal process was selected to purify Xiaojianzhong mixture. The orthogonal test evaluation method was used; the evaluation factors were the amount of activated charcoal, boiling time, and the temperature of the solution during charcoal removal. Furthermore, the transfer rates of paeoniflorin and dry matter were used as evaluation indicators. Variance and visual analyses as well as accelerated stability tests were conducted to optimize the activated charcoal purification process for Xiaojianzhong mixture.In order to carry out these above experiments, three batches of Xiaojianzhong mixture preparations were produced for long-term stability testing. Results showed that the optimal parameters for the activated charcoal boiling purification process of Xiaojianzhong mixture preparations were 0.4% activated charcoal usage, 30 min of activated charcoal boiling time, and a liquid temperature of 100 ℃ during filtration. The average transfer rates of paeoniflorin and dry matter in expanded production under these process conditions were 75.24% and 89.08%, respectively. The optimal activated charcoal boiling purification process obtained from this test can ensure the clarity and stability of Xiaojianzhong mixture preparations while maximizing the retention of paeoniflorin and dry matter, thereby ensuring stable and uniform drug efficacy. This study provides a scientific and reasonable basis forclarifying and optimizing the parameters of the activated charcoal boiling purification process for Xiaojianzhong mixture. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Nb-doped TiCoSb Half-Heusler alloys prepared by microwave method ZHANG Ruipeng, KONG Jianbiao, HOU Yangbo, BO Lin, WANG Wenying, WANG Xinglong, ZHAO Linghao, ZHU Junliang, ZHAO Degang Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 47-54.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230101 Abstract （123）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （3815KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save Along with the long preparation cycle time and high cost of conventional preparation methods, the inherent high thermal conductivity of TiCoSb Half-Heusler alloy limited its commercial application. Herein, Ti1-xNbxCoSb Half-Heusler alloys with low thermal conductivity were successfully prepared by microwave synthesis combined with rapid hot-pressing sintering, which substantially shortened the preparation cycle and increased the density of TiCoSb Half-Heusler alloys. Furthermore, we studied the effects of Nb substitution at Ti sites on the phase composition, composition distribution, and thermoelectric transport properties of Ti1-xNbx CoSb Half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. Additionally, the figure of merit(ZT) of Ti1-xNbx CoSb samples were considerably optimized under the combined effects of increasing power factor and decreasing lattice thermal conductivity. The results showed that the Ti0.93Nb0.07CoSb sample had a maximum ZT of 0.1 at 725 K, which was two orders of magnitude higher than that of the TiCoSb sample prepared by the same process. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of high wear resistant and electrostatic conductive graphene hybrid material/butylene/parabutylene tread rubber TAN Shuangmei, GUAN Yingdong, ZHAO Shuai, LI Lin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 55-64.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230083 Abstract （123）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （3100KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, graphene prepared by liquid-phase stripping assisted by tannic acid achieved better dispersion than ordinary graphene. The new graphene can meet the requirements of low cost, high output, and environmental protection. Graphene-SiO2 hybrid materials were obtained by reacting SiO2 treated with silane coupling agent (KH550) modification and graphene modified with tannic acid to form strong hybridization bonds, and the success of obtaining graphene-SiO2 hybrid materials was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of graphene-SiO2 hybrid material in styrene-butadiene/polybutadiene composites were studied. In addition, the mechanical properties and the electrical and thermal conductivity of the blend of conductive carbon black and graphene-SiO2 hybrid material in styrene-butadiene/polybutadiene composite were investigated. The results show that: at the addition of 1 part per hundred(phr) of graphene-SiO2 hybrid material, the butadiene/cis rubber composites obtained relatively good wear resistance, if the loading is more than 1 phr, the graphene fillers will easily reaggregate with each other, resulting in an increase in wear volume compared with the blank control group. Moreover, when 8 phrs of self-made graphene were added, the conductivity increased by 1 000 times, and the antistatic properties of rubber composites were considerably improved. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of aluminum diethylphosphinate/aluminum hypophosphite on the properties of natural rubber/butadiene rubber composites XU Lijie, LI Song, LI Lin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 66-75.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230115 Abstract （121）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （9945KB）（104）       Knowledge map    Save The flame retardants aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) and aluminum hypophosphite (ALHP) were introduced into natural rubber (NR) and butadiene rubber (BR) to prepare the composites. In this study, we compared the effects of the two flame retardants on the processing characteristics, physical properties, flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and abrasion resistance of the composites. Results showed that both flame retardants delayed the vulcanization of the composites, increased the Mooney viscosity. ADP exhibited a more evident increase in Mooney viscosity than ALHP. When ADP and ALHP was added at 45 phr, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composites increased from 22.1% to 28.7% and 24.5%, respectively. The addition of ADP and ALHP reduced the rebound resilience of the composites, but increased hardness of it. The flame retardants reduced the tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of the composites. Both flame retardants had an adverse effect on the abrasion resistance, with the abrasion loss of the composites increasing by 100% and 85% at 45 phr of ADP and ALHP, respectively. When graphene is used as a carbonization agent for ADP-containing composites, it can improve the flame retardancy without affecting the abrasion resistance. ADP and ALHP have different degrees of influence on the properties of NR/BR composites. Due to the high carbon content of ADP and volatilization by heat, the flame retardancy of NR/BR composites is greatly improved. But the tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the composites are lower than that of the ALHP-containing composites. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the active components and mechanism of action of antithrombotic Xuefuzhuyu oral liquid based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology LIN Shenghua, XUE Chang, MA honglin, FAN Wei, SHEN Chuanlin, CHEN Jiayu, SUN Botong, DU Xingshuo, ZHAN Wen, LI Xiaobin, ZHANG Shanshan, JIN Meng, HE Qiuxia Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 26-33.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230130 Abstract （120）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （3490KB）（137）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to reveal the mechanism of Xuefuzhuyu oral liquid in treating thrombotic diseases and to explore its effective antithrombotic active ingredients. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database was used to search for the active ingredients or related components of Xuefuzhuyu oral liquid. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database to obtain the core targets. A “component-target”network diagram was constructured using Cytoscape, which was used to perform topological,GO and KEGG enrichment analyses on core components to predict the antithrombotic mechanism action. Molecular docking was conducted on the key components and action targets according to the degree ranking. 81 core components, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ALB, and AKT1 were obtained via network topology analysis screening.A total of 304 biological processes (BPs), 72 molecular functions, and 41 cell components were analyzed using GO enrichment analysis, and pathway enrichment yielded 80 signaling pathways, such as the coagulation cascade responseand TNF pathway.Molecular docking results showed that Sainfuran, Xambioona, and 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone have good affinity with target proteins ESR1, F2, IL-2, KDR, MET, and MMP3. This study provides a reference for the application of Xuefuzhuyu oral liquid in antithrombotic therapies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of common diseases and pesticide use in Salvia miltiorrhiza ZHOU Bingqian, LU Heng, YANG Guohong, WANG Xiao, GUO Lanping, LIU Wei Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 9-16.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230154 Abstract （118）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （1565KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save There is currently an unmet need to improve disease prevention and control in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Here, we reviewed the literature as well as visited and surveyed multiple planting sitesand agricultural management units in Shandong’s main production areas, such as Jinan and Linyi,to investigate and summarize the common diseases, incidence patterns, medication types, and pesticide residue status of S.miltiorrhiza, which may also provide foundational data to aid in S. miltiorrhiza production.The findings showed 10 common diseases in S.miltiorrhiza, and a total of 20 categories and 43 types of pesticides, including biopesticides and compound formulations, were used in its management. The varieties of pesticides used were all in compliance with drug use regulations, but issues, such as the lack of pesticide registration,lack of guidance on prevention and control technology, and insufficient promotion of biological control, were found. This article aims to provide a basis for the scientific prevention and control of S. miltiorrhiza diseases, and to promote the green and sustainable development of the S. miltiorrhiza industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Queuing theory-based cross-camera passenger trajectory recognition method WEN Zening, ZENG Hongbo, NIU Ling, LU Kai, ZHAO Zhonghao Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 62-68.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230161 Abstract （118）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （3401KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, in surveillance video groups, traditional methods for searching camera videos involve traversing and searching through all cameras or performing repetitive searches in a network topology. These approaches result in low efficiency and poor accuracy in tracking individuals. To address this issue, we propose an efficient method for selecting surveillance camera videos based on the principles of the queuing and vertex-weighted directed graph theories. In this method, we treat cameras as vertices and construct a weighted directed graph. By calculating weights, we can determine the optimal monitoring paths considering the connections and weights between cameras. The key advantage of this method is its efficient selection of surveillance camera videos. Additionally, by combining the optimal movement paths of target passengers in urban rail transit nodes with individual tracking, we use the concept of vertex-weighted directed graphs to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of person recognition. The research results show the great significance of this method in improving the performance of surveillance systems and individual tracking capabilities. By applying the queuing and vertex-weighted directed graph theories for individual tracking, we offer an innovative approach to address practical problems and enhance system performance. This method holds great importance in enhancing surveillance system performance and individual tracking capabilities. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechaical modeling and application of a combined wing aircraft dynamic rotor system DU Wei, CHEN Bojian, CHENG Haitao, LI Zhezhou, WANG Zezhao Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 93-102.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230124 Abstract （116）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （3617KB）（52）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, we build a model for the rotors and propellers of 60 kg combined wing aircraft based on the strip and momentum theory, and circularly calculated the increment of the upcoming flow as an intermediate variable to precisely determine the propellers’ performance. By comparing the obtained results with the experimental data, we corrected the model and calculated the mechanical performance of the propeller. Result showed that the model could evaluate the thrust and shaft power with a bias of less than 5% and less than 10%, respectively. Using this method, we drew the MAP curves representing the mechanical performance as the essential parameters in the power model and built a bridge between mechanical performance and controlling model. The results can support the study of mechanical modelling of combined wing aircraft. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage system and its operating characteristics JIANG Jiahui, WANG Zijie, CHI Ran, CHEN Wei, XUE Xiaodai, ZHANG Tong, ZHANG Xuelin, ZHANG Bin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 93-104.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230127 Abstract （114）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （4692KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save As a novel energy storage method, compressed supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) energy storage offers several advantages, such as high energy storage density, compact structure, long service life, and negative carbon emissions. Therefore, it has a broad application prospect in the energy storage and conversion. In this study, a dynamic mathematical model for the compressed sCO2 energy storage system (SC-CCES) was established based on the mass conservation and energy conservation laws and the reliability of the model was verified. Additionally, dynamic simulations of the SC-CCES system with single-stage compression and single-stage expansion were performed using Matlab/Simulink. Under the designed operating conditions, the energy storage efficiency of the SC-CCES system was found to be 51.98%, with an energy storage density of 447.8 kWh/m3. The energy storage density of the SC-CCES system was more than 20 times higher than that of a traditional compressed air energy storage system. Furthermore, the impact of different high-pressure tank inlet pressures on system performance was analyzed. The results showed that the energy storage efficiency increases with the increase of the inlet pressure of the high-pressure storage tank, while the energy storage density is exactly the opposite. This study provides a basis for the development of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vehicle safety potential field and car-following model based on traffic environment perception ZAN Yuyao, WANG Xiang, WANG Kexin, SHEN Jiayan Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 111-120.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230064 Abstract （113）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （3516KB）（52）       Knowledge map    Save The safety potential field is utilized to characterize the distribution of safety risks around a vehicle during the driving process. However, when analyzing the safety potential field formed by moving vehicles, the existing models only focus on the vehicle motion but ignore the traffic environment information perceived by drivers. This study focuses on the construction of an improved safety potential field model and its application to the car-following model. Herein, the relative state influence factor is introduced to strengthen the influence of relative speed among vehicles, and the traffic state influence factor is introduced to reflect its influence on driving safety. Moreover, the vehicle type coefficient is introduced to adjust the distance to reflect its influence on driving safety in mixed vehicle type traffic. The car-following model is developed by using the preceptive safety potential field to establish the relationship between the motion state of the front vehicle and the behavior of the following vehicle. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm is employed to calibrate the proposed model, the intelligent driver model, and the car-following model based on the safety potential field. The results show that the root mean square errors of these three models mentioned before are 6.124, 8.515 and 7.248 respectively, which proves that the model proposed in this paper can describe car-following behavior more accurately. Therefore, this study can provide theoretical support for driving risk evaluation and vehicle control under a complex environment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of preparation of persimmon peel polysaccharide chromium using response surface methodology MIAO Xuzhong, LI Xiufen, GAO Yanyan, ZHANG Xue, ZHANG Xiqing, QIAO Luqin Shandong Science    2024, 37 (2): 127-134.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230088 Abstract （112）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （2593KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, the hot water extraction method was utilized to extract polysaccharides from persimmon peel, and the persimmon peel polysaccharides were combined with trivalent chromium ions to prepare persimmon peel polysaccharide chromium. Considering the adsorption rate of chromium as the index, the adsorption process of persimmon peel polysaccharide chromium was optimized using single factor and response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal preparation process of persimmon peel polysaccharide chromium consisted of the following steps, such as the mass ratio of persimmon peel polysaccharides to chromium chloride was set at 6.7∶1; the reaction time was 150 min; the temperature was set at 82 ℃; and the pH of the adsorption liquid was fixed at 5. Under these conditions, the maximum adsorption rate reached 92.81%. Therefore, this study has shown that persimmon peel polysaccharides can efficiently bind trivalent chromium ions, which can further provide technical support for the development of green pollution-free heavy-adsorption chromium adsorbents or animal nutritional supplements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism by which Gandouling tablets improve ferroptosis in hepatolenticular degeneration through PKCβⅡ/ACSL4/ALOX5 signaling pathway regulation WU Bojin, DONG Ting, WEN Yuya, TIAN Liwei, ZHAO Chenling Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 34-44.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230170 Abstract （111）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （3992KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigates the effects of Gandouling (GDL) tablets on ferroptosis in hepatolenticular degeneration in TX mice and their mechanism of action on the ferroptosis of HT22 cells induced by CuCl2, based on the PKCβII/ACSL4/ ALOX5 signaling pathway. TX mice were divided into five groups: control, model, GDL tablet, Fer-1, and Glutathione. HT22 cells were also divided into five groups: control, model, GDL tablet, Fer-1, and GDL tablet + Fer-1. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect the pathological changes in the hippocampus tissues of the mice. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 in the hippocampus tissues and HT22 cells of the mice, as well as the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in HT22 cells. The content of Fe2+ in the hippocampus tissues of the mice was detected via microassay. The levels of SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px in HT22 cells were detected by microplate assay. Finally, the expression of PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 mRNA in HT22 cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the control group, the hippocampus tissues of mice in the model group showed clear damage; the protein expression of PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 showed a clear increase; the protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 decreased significantly; and Fe2+content increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the pathological damage to hippocampus tissues showed improvements in the GDL tablet, Fer-1, and Glutathione group with the effects being noticeable in the GDL tablet group. It was possible to inhibit ferroptosis of HT22 cells in the GDL tablet and Fer-1 group and significantly lower their expression of PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 protein and mRNA in comparison to the model group(P<0.05). The MDA contentalso decreased significantly (P<0.05) while the SOD activity and the GSH-Px content increased significantly(P<0.05). Thus, GDL tablets can inhibit ferroptosis in hippocampus tissues of TX mice andinhibit ferroptosis induced by CuCl2 in HT22 cells. Moreover, the ferroptosis mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the PKCβⅡ, ACSL4, and ALOX5 signaling pathway and the attenuation of intracellular lipid peroxidation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Continuous gear shifting model and algorithm of ship lock chambers in a large water-transport hub CHEN Dengfeng, LI Yibo, WANG Lei, YAO Hongyun, YANG Junyi Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 121-130.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230069 Abstract （109）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （5544KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save To enhance the navigation efficiency of ships in inland waterway navigation facilities and increase their operational capacity, a continuous gear shifting model and algorithm for ship lock chambers are proposed. This model comprises two scenarios: considering and not considering the sequence of ships entering the lock. First, a two-dimensional packing problem model was employed to establish a continuous gear shifting model for ship lock chambers. Then, an algorithm for solving the aforementioned continuous gear shifting model based on a greedy strategy was proposed. Finally, simulated ship data for vessels arriving at the lock was generated based on the Baise Junction Project. The proposed algorithm was used to calculate the lock chamber gear arrangement. Results indicate that, in the case of randomly generated data for 90 ships, 47 lock cycles were required for the gear arrangement considering the ship arrival sequence, with an average occupancy rate of 76.424%. However, only 45 locks were needed for the gear arrangement when the ship arrival sequence was not considered, with an average occupancy rate of 76.821%. The proposed model and algorithm can effectively shift gears continuously in the ship lock chamber under various conditions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Object detection model YOLO-T for complex traffic scenarios LIU Yu, GAO Shangbing, ZHANG Qintao, ZHANG Yingying Shandong Science    2024, 37 (6): 104-115.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240047 Abstract （109）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （5610KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save To address the challenges posed by complex traffic scenarios, particularly congested roads where traffic objects are densely packed and often occlude each other and small-scale objects are detected inaccurately, a new object detection model called YOLO-T (You Only Look Once-Transformer) is proposed. First, the CTNet backbone network is introduced, which has a deeper network structure and multiscale feature extraction module compared with CSPDarknet53. Not only can it better learn the multilevel features of dense objects but can also improve the model’s ability to handle complex traffic scenarios. Moreover, it directs the model’s focus toward the feature information of small objects, thereby improving the detection performance for small-scale objects. Second, Vit-Block is incorporated, which integrates more features by parallelly combining convolution and Transformer. This approach balances the relevance of local and contextual information, thereby enhancing detection accuracy. Finally, the Reasonable module is added after the Neck network, introducing attention mechanisms to further improve the robustness of the object detection algorithm against complex scenarios and occluded objects. Experimental results indicate that compared with baseline algorithms, YOLO-T achieves a 1.92% and 12.78% increase in detection accuracy on the KITTI and BDD100K datasets, respectively. This enhancement effectively boosts detection performance in complex traffic scenarios and can assist drivers to better predict the behaviors of other vehicles, thus reducing the occurrence of traffic accidents. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Durability and resilience of Nanjing Rail Transit Network GAO Zhanyi, ZHU Chengjuan, HAN Linghui Shandong Science    2024, 37 (4): 105-111.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230093 Abstract （103）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （2155KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save This study first constructs a topological structure model of the rail transit network based on the Space L network topology method. Herein, upon analyzing network characteristics using UCINET as a basis, the maximum connected subgraph ratio and overall network efficiency are selected as indicators to analyze the resilience of the rail transit network. Then, the article comprehensively analyzes the attribute values of nodes and employs the TOPSIS method to rank the importance of nodes using the coefficient of variation for weighting. Then network resilience is analyzed by destroying individual nodes with high importance, and network recovery is achieved through indicator-based ranking restoration strategies, ultimately yielding the average resilience value of the rail transit network. Furthermore, the resilience and robustness of the rail transit network of Nanjing in 2022 is analyzed based on the established model. Results show that nodes with high degree values often have a greater impact on resilience than other indicators. Prioritizing the repair of nodes with the highest degree values leads to the greatest increase in network efficiency, whereas repairing nodes with the highest closeness to the center has less impact on network efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The vehicle scheduling problem at a construction site considering road restrictions LI Guojian, XU Jun, WU Haijun, SHEN Lei, WANG Yifu, LI Xianli, ZHENG Hankun Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 76-84.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230047 Abstract （100）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （2420KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigates vehicle scheduling and path planning problems on field roads after large equipment transportation vehicles enter construction sites. Due to road width limitations and varying task priorities, vehicles have difficulty traveling in opposite directions on the same road. Furthermore, the large equipment transportation vehicles have different priorities depending on their loads and urgency of the transportation. To address these challenges, this study constructs an integer programming model based on spatiotemporal network technology that minimizes the total travel time of all vehicles on the site by considering road restrictions and vehicle priorities. Furthermore, vehicle flow balance and meeting avoidance constraints are incorporated into the model. Moreover, a heuristic algorithm is designed to efficiently solve the model and obtain the spatiotemporal path of each vehicle, thereby providing guidance for vehicle path planning and passing each other. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is demonstrated through multiple cases based on an actual wind farm road network. The computational results show that the algorithm can quickly solve the vehicle path planning problem at various scales. Additionally, it can guarantee short waiting time to avoid vehicle meeting while eliminate spatiotemporal conflicts. Moreover, the proposed approach showed high transportation efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and quality evaluation of collagen ceramide liposomes TANG Chunhui, ZHANG Zhenbo, WU Dongqin, HUAN Fei, ZHANG Jingshu, WANG Yubang Shandong Science    2024, 37 (3): 18-26.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230144 Abstract （100）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （2606KB）（219）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, egg yolk lecithin, cholesterol,and ceramide were used as film-forming materials to prepare collagen ceramide liposomes (CO-CS) by the thin film dispersion method. To optimize the process, encapsulation efficiency was used as the response value, and it was evaluated by influencing factors such as drug-lipid ratio, film-material ratio, ultrasonic time, and hydration time. Results showed that encapsulation efficiency reached 90.73% when the drug-lipid ratio, film-material ratio, and ultrasonic time were 1:16, 4.3:1, and 8.5 min, respectively. Under these conditions, the particle size, polymer dispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of CO-CS were(206.63±2.06) nm, 0.187±0.010, and (34.90±0.82) mV, respectively. After 60 days of storage at room temperature in the dark, the encapsulation efficiency was 87.2 %. Furthermore, the particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of CO-CS changed to (223.70±1.85) nm, 0.174±0.013, and (33.51±2.10) mV, respectively. In summary, CO-CS produced in this study revealed high encapsulation efficiency and good stability, and the preparation process is reasonable and feasible. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of action indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch in improving ulcerative colitis QU Xinyan, LI Qingjun, DING Xingchun, SONG Yingying Shandong Science    2024, 37 (5): 17-24.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230176 Abstract （100）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （2925KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism action of indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch in improving ulcerative colitis. Dextran sulfate sodium salt was used to induce acute ulcerative colitis in mice. Indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch was then used to target the colon with the delivery of indole-3-acetic acid. This was combined with the administration of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibitor to analyze the mice in terms of colon length; disease activity index; and levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor β1, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin-22 in the colon, which were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the relative expression levels of the colonic tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1, and CYP1A1. Flow cytometry was used to test the ratio of regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The results showed that administration of indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch significantly alleviated the shortening of the colon length; significantly reduced the disease activity index and the levels of interleukin-6 and myeloperoxidase; significantly promoted the expression of interleukin-10, transforming growth factor β1, interleukin-22, CYP1A1, occludin, and ZO-1; significantly increased the proportion of regulatory T cells; and significantly reduced the proportion of T helper 17 cells. Administration of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibitor weakened the effect of indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch. These results together suggest that acetylated high-amylose maize starch can improve ulcerative colitis by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics