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Effects of different volume fractions of dimethyl sulfoxide on DNA denaturation XU Min,WANG Yan-wei,YANG Guang-can Shandong Science    2022, 35 (3): 131-137.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.03.016 Abstract （814）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （5009KB）（190）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different volume fractions of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on plasmid and linear DNA denaturation were investigated using atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. It was found that a low volume fraction of 1% DMSO solution can also induce local DNA denaturation, which can be directly observed by atomic force microscopy. Simultaneously, due to the limitations of plasmid DNA linking number and single-stranded DNA generation, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering showed that DNA gradually forms a superhelix structure with an increase in the volume fraction of DMSO. The average particle size of pBR322 DNA, 5 000 base pair DNA, and λ-DNA decreased from about (474±10) nm, (554±11) nm, and (871±17) nm, respectively, in 0 DMSO solution to (257±8) nm, (282±18) nm, and (449±21) nm, respectively, in 10% DMSO solution. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visual analysis of the mechanism of Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis ZHU Xiao-li, GAO Jia-rong, SHI Miao-miao, QIN Xiu-juan, WEI Liang-bing, LIU Tao, ZHANG Wei Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 58-67.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.008 Abstract （785）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （1466KB）（164）       Knowledge map    Save Database and visualization software were employed to analyze the active ingredients of Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and explore the potential underlying mechanism. The active ingredients of Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain were collected using Traditional Chinese Medicine system pharmacology databases and analysis platforms and BATMAN-TCM databases, and the target information was standardized using SwissTargetPrediction and Uniprot databases. CGN-related targets were screened using the GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, Drugbank, and DiGSeE databases. Relevant network diagrams were constructed using Cytoscape software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using the Omicshare platform. AutoDock Vina and LigPlot were used for molecular docking of the core components to the core targets. A total of 27 active ingredients and 271 active ingredient targets were screened from Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain. The analysis of 143 drug and disease intersection targets yielded 7 084 GO-related processes and 230 KEGG signaling pathways, of which 4 663 GO-related processes and 159 KEGG signaling pathways were differentially identified. Further validation by molecular docking revealed that the core components were able to bind better to the core targets. Astragali Radix-Imperatae Rhizomain were found to exert their effect on the treatment of CGN through a multi-ingredient, multi-target, and multi-pathway mode of action, providing important scientific information for the treatment of CGN. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of traffic volume in the Liaocheng-Dezhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal after shipping resumption YANG Xiao-song, FAN Hai-wen, ZHANG Nan, CHEN Can-jun Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 116-125.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.015 Abstract （592）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1103KB）（232）       Knowledge map    Save The resumption of shipping in the section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal north of the Yellow River can facilitate an economic route for driving the regional connection between the north and south, which is instrumental for adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure. Based on this background and considering the characteristics of the regional freight structure, this study uses a production curve and an allocation rate model to estimate the possible traffic volume that will be induced in the Liaocheng-Dezhou section after shipping resumption between 2025 and 2039. Results show that after shipping resumption, the average annual growth rate of freight transport will be 15.9%, the canal will be capable of undertaking 18.20% of the regional freight transport, and freight transport via the canal between the two cities will reach 783.78 million tons by 2039. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The basis and mechanism of Rosae Rugosae Flos antidepressants based on network pharmacology LIANG Meng-meng, SHAO Xin-xin, CHEN Cong, ZHANG Song, ZHANG Guang-zhong, LI Jia Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 38-48.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.006 Abstract （582）   HTML （48）    PDF（pc） （1454KB）（297）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the active ingredients and mechanism of Rosae Rugosae Flos for antidepressant activity by network pharmacology and the molecular docking method. This study collected the antidepressant monomers and chemical components of Rosae Rugosae Flos by searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, predicted the antidepressant active ingredients and targets with the aid of the PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction databases, performed pathway enrichment analysis through the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, and used Discovery Studio 2017 software to perform molecular docking. A total of 117 antidepressant monomers and 127 Rosae Rugosae Flos ingredients were collected. Furthremore, 17 antidepressant-related core components were screened out from Rosae Rugosae Flos. The molecular docking showed that Rosae Rugosae Flos contains six active ingredients, which are apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, isoeugenol, isoquercitrin, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside that can bind to the three depression-related targets AKT1, PTGS2, and ESR1. The results indicated that the antidepressant material basis of Rosae Rugosae Flos is flavonoids, such as apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, and so on, which mainly affect the neuroactive ligand -receptor interaction and the HIF-1, prolactin, and dopaminergic synaptic signaling pathways, which play an antidepressant role. The research will be expected to offer new ideas for the next steps in studying Rosae Rugosae Flos for any evidence of new antidepressant drug discoveries. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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CNN-LSTM driver intention recognition method based on Attention mechanism ZHUANG Hao, LI Yang, TAO Mingkun Shandong Science    2023, 36 (2): 103-111.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.02.013 Abstract （507）   HTML （37）    PDF（pc） （1153KB）（921）       Knowledge map    Save In an autonomous driving system, the system needs to accurately identify the driver's intention to help them drive safely in complex traffic scenarios. Aiming at the issue of low accuracy of driver intent recognition and lacking consideration of the influence of optimized features on the accuracy of the model currently, a driver intention recognition method based on a time series model is proposed using deep learning knowledge. The method is based on Attention mechanism and incorporates Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), introducing own and environmental information of the vehicle as spatiotemporal input to capture the spatial interaction and temporal evolution of surrounding vehicles. The method can simultaneously predict the driver intention in both lateral and longitudinal directions of the target vehicle and is trained and verified on the actual road dataset next generation simulation. The experimental results show that the proposed CNN-LSTM-Attention model can accurately predict the driver's driving intention in the highway environment, which has obvious advantages over the LSTM and CNN-LSTM model and provides an effective guarantee for the safe operation of the automatic driving system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties of the Exfresh fiber and its fabrics FENG Longlong, XIE Bingbing, ZHANG Ruiyun, LU Jian, YU Hao, WANG Yunhai Shandong Science    2023, 36 (3): 60-68.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.03.008 Abstract （502）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1164KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save The Exfresh fiber is a new type of modified acrylic fiber with fine denier and antibacterial properties; it is fabricated by adding an antibacterial agent to the spinning stock solution. The surface morphologies, mechanical properties, moisture absorption properties, specific resistance, friction properties, and curling properties of the Exfresh and ordinary acrylic fibers were tested and compared in this study. The elemental composition and chemical bonds of the two fibers were analyzed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the moisture-absorbing quick-drying and moisture-absorbing heat-generating properties of the Exfresh blended fabrics were tested. Results showed that the Exfresh fiber featured a circular cross-section, rough longitudinal surface and dense grooves as well as a low linear density, excellent mechanical properties, and high spinnability. Additionally, it has a lower specific resistance and higher friction coefficient than the ordinary acrylic fiber, thereby making it difficult to produce static electricity. Results of the XPS analysis showed that the added antibacterial agent was a quaternary ammonium salt. Additionally, the evaporation rate of an Exfresh fiber-blended fabric is bigger than 0.18 g/h, and its maximum moisture-absorbing heat-generating temperature rise is bigger than 4 ℃. Moreover, it exhibits excellent moisture-absorbing quick-drying and moisture-absorbing heat-generating properties, and can be used to develop multifunctional fabrics. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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To explore the mechanism of Ranunculi Ternati Radix in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking LIU Xing, HUANG Hong-li, ZHANG Le, LIU Xiang-fang, ZHANG Wen-lin, SHEN Ling-jun Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 49-57.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.007 Abstract （434）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （1261KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of a multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel treatment of lung adenocarcinoma by network pharmacology and molecular docking. According to the analysis conditions of oral availability and drug-like properties, the Traditional Chinese Medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis peatform was used to screen the main active ingredients and targets of Ranunculi Ternati Radix. The disease targets were obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Venn diagrams were plotted using R software to obtain the intersection targets of active ingredients and diseases, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database. Gene onto logy(GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis of the predicted targets were performed using the Bioconductor database. The results revealed 10 potential active ingredients and 40 targets of Ranunculi Ternati Radix on screening; of which, 36 targets were related to lung adenocarcinoma. The main active ingredients are β-sitosterol and dousterol. These active ingredients act on PTGS2, BCL2, BAX, CASP9, CASP3, RXRA, and other targets. The anti-tumor effect is elaborated through the regulation of neurodegeneration (multiple diseases), neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, small cell lung adenocarcinoma, apoptosis, multicell apoptosis, platinum resistance, p53 signaling pathway, and colorectal cancer. The prediction of the active components and potential targets of Ranunculi Ternati Radix provides new ideas and indications for the application and development of drugs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism underlying Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma's action against respiratory syncytial virus using network pharmacology DU Hai-tao, WANG Ping, LI Na, HAN Li, DING Jie, HU Ya-nan Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 28-37.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.005 Abstract （425）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （1410KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Save The core ingredients and targets of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were screened using network pharmacology and verified via gene chip mining and molecular docking. The core ingredients were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database(TCMSP), targets of the core ingredients were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction, and targets of pneumonia-causing RSV were obtained using GeneCards, GenCLiP 3, and National Center for Biotechnology Information database. The intersection target network was generated via target mapping, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and core enrichment Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway were constructed through STRING and DAVID platforms to obtain the core targets and pathways. Gene expression omnibus chip data mining and AutoDock Vina molecular docking were used to verify the effectiveness of the core targets. Fifteen components of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma were screened using TCMSP database. Furthermore, target mapping showed that Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma had 45 targets. Through the comprehensive analysis of PPI network and KEGG pathway, the targets of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma against RSV were found to be AKT1, VEGFA, PTGS2, SRC, EGFR, KDR, STAT3, BCL2,etc. The results of data mining and molecular docking were basically consistent with the prediction. This study preliminarily predicted the main active components, targets, and related pathways of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma, which would prove to be beneficial in the treatment of RSV-induced diseases, and laid a good foundation for further revealing its mechanism. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of the mechanism of Astragali Radix - Curcumae Rhizomain in the treatment of gastric cancer using network pharmacology and molecular docking HUANG Yue, FANG Chong-kai, NIE Duo-rui, LAN Qing-xia, LI Yue-jun, HUANG Xue-wu Shandong Science    2022, 35 (5): 16-25.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.05.003 Abstract （408）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （8753KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of Astragali Radix - Curcumae Rhizoma in the treatment of gastric cancer using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The active ingredients of Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma were searched using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. Using gastric cancer as a keyword, the associated target genes of gastrocarcinoma were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Cytoscape 3.7.0 software was used to establish an active-ingredient target network, and the STRING online database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network using the screened targets. Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using the Omicshare platform. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina and PyMol software. In total, 26 active ingredients, including quercetin, kaempferol, curcumol, (3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)chroman-7-ol, and beta-elemene, were screened from Astragali Radix - Curcumae Rhizoma and were identified to affect the treatment of gastric cancer via 74 targets, including TP53、MYC、CASP3、AKT1、 JUN, through different signal pathways, such as cancer pathways, proteoglycans in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling, MAPK signaling, Rap1 signaling, TNF signaling, and FoxO signaling. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking, the results of this study reflect the potential mechanism of Astragali Radix - Curcumae Rhizoma in the treatment of gastric cancer, providing evidence for its clinical application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chemical composition of Radix Dipsaci ZHANG Cheng-gang, YANG Chang-gui, XIAO Cheng-hong, FAN Di, GONG An-hui, HUANG Yan, ZHOU Tao Shandong Science    2022, 35 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.05.001 Abstract （403）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1135KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save The chemical composition of Radix Dipsaci was separated by D101 macroporous adsorption resin, MCI column chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and the structures of the isolates were identified based on NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and other spectral methods. Thirteen compounds were isolated and obtained from the 70% ethanol extract of Radix Dipsaci, including five triterpenoid saponins: asperosaponin Ⅵ (1), cauloside A (2), dipsacus saponin A (3), 3-O-(2-O-acetyl)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),3-O-(4-O-acetyl)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), six iridoid glycosides: loganic acid (6) loganin (7), sweroside (8), dipsanoside A (9), dipsanoside B (10), sylvestroside I (11) and two other compounds: 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (12) and α-linolenic acid (13), in which compounds 4, 12, 13 were isolated from the genus of Dipsacus Linn. for the first time. The chemical composition of Radix Dipsaci was further enriched in this study that provides the material basis for establishing quality standards for Radix Dipsaci based on Q-markers as the basis for evaluating the quality of Chinese materia medica. This further provides the chemical material basis for further explaining the chemical composition and content changes before and after the processing of “sweating” and the research of the chemical composition transformation mechanism of Radix Dipsaci. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Location planning of a cold chain logistic center for warehousing in rural areas XIE Long, ZHANG Xiao-dong Shandong Science    2022, 35 (5): 89-96.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.05.011 Abstract （397）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （1692KB）（245）       Knowledge map    Save This study addresses the problems associated with the storage and loss of “the first kilometer” of agricultural produce logistics in rural areas. As an example, areas with cold storage requirements are considered and the location model of a cold chain logistic center is proposed under the operation guideline of local refrigeration, direct delivery from the origin for cold chain produce logistics in rural areas. Because fresh agricultural products are perishable, requirements for transportation and refrigeration are high. Therefore, the location model introduces time constraints. The objective is to minimize the total cost of transportation, investment, construction and operation. The model is solved using the Gurobi optimizer, achieving the optimal solution that meets time-related requirements and ensuring the rationality of the warehouse location planning results. Finally, ten alternative addresses are determines. Results show that the cost of building seven cold chain storage centers is the lowest. The findings of this study confirm the feasibility of the location model of the cold chain logistic center in rural areas by considering product types, costs, and time. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of the TLC identification standard of Yinqiao Powder in Chinese Pharmacopoeia ZHANG Hui-min, SONG Jian, XU Lin, DONG Xue, ZHONG Fang-xiao Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 9-14.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.002 Abstract （386）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （1202KB）（260）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the thin layer chromatographic (TLC) identification standard of Yinqiao Powder in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Yinqiao Powder samples were systematically extracted using different reagents to obtain different sample solutions. A series of TLC (sTLC) was used to systematically study the sample solutions, development conditions, and color development methods to identify 10 single herbs in Yinqiao Powder. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Forsythiae Fructus, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Arctii Fructus, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Schizonepetae Spica, and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma were identified in Yinqiao Powder using sTLC. Arctii Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, and Schizonepetae Spica can be dispersed on a thin-layer plate one time for common identification. In this study, the identifications of seven single herbs in Yinqiao Powder via sTLC can be used for identifying standard herbs. This approach shows good reproducibility, strong operability, and low detection cost. Furthermore, it can provide an experimental basis for the content supplement and quality standard improvement of Yinqiao Powder in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and facilitate a reference for the TLC identification of other Yinqiao Powder formulations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Disinfection effects of vaporized hydrogen peroxide on worktables at biosafety laboratories DAI Chen-wei,DIAO Hui-min,JIANG Yang-fan,LÜ Han,ZHOU Xiu-hong Shandong Science    2022, 35 (3): 1-6.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.03.001 Abstract （383）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （1025KB）（154）       Knowledge map    Save Three disinfectants, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, 84 disinfectant, and bromogeramine, were used to disinfect different worktables at a biosafety laboratory, and samples were taken at similar locations before and after disinfection. The effects of the three disinfectants on the worktables of a biosafety laboratory were compared. The results showed that 3% hydrogen peroxide was able to disinfect Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The number of colonies after disinfection with vaporized hydrogen peroxide was lower than that after the use of 84 disinfectant and bromogeramine, and the difference was significant (F=3.868, P=0.033). The average bactericidal rate of vaporized hydrogen peroxide was higher than that of the other two disinfectants, and the difference was statistically significant (F=3.487, P=0.045). The sterilization efficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide is sufficient to replace 84 disinfectant and bromogeramine for use as disinfectants for worktables at biosafety laboratories. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of the anti-breast cancer effect of Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma herbal pair based on network pharmacology and molecular docking LIU Xue-ting, SUN Xiao-hui, ZHU Jian-min, LI Lin, LI Wen-yue Shandong Science    2022, 35 (5): 26-36.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.05.004 Abstract （381）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （3123KB）（200）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the active ingredients and mechanisms of Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma herbal pair in breast cancer using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The effective active ingredients and corresponding targets of Sparganii Rhizoma and Curcumae Rhizoma were searched and screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,and the disease targets of breast cancer were searched using the OMIM and GeneCards databases. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct a visual network diagram of drug-ingredient-disease-targets. A protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed using STRING database platform, and the MCODE plug-in in Cytoscape was used for analysis to screen the top 10 core targets. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) enrichment pathway analyses of the targets of action were performed using DAVID database, and the network diagram of ingredient-target-pathway was plotted. Finally, molecular docking was performed using autodock Vina and other software to verify the interaction between the core ingredients and the core targets. Seven active components and 73 action targets were obtained through screening. There were 43 common targets of Sparganii Rhizoma and Curcumae Rhizoma and breast cancer. The active components were hederagenin, beta-sitosterol, formononetin, stigmasterol, and trans-gondoic acid. The PPI network showed that the key targets were JUN, CASP3, PTGS2, ESR1, MPK14, PPARG, SIRT1, NOS3, TGFB1 and NOS2. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed 72 items. According to the P values, the first 20 items related to breast cancer were eliminated via screened, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the active ingredients had strong binding ability in docking with the core targets. Therefore, our results suggest that Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma herbal pair has characteristics of a multi-ingredient, multi-target, and multi-pathway on breast cancer, which provides a theoretical basis for its clinical application in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Method for the quantitative evaluation of the visual perception complexity of driving environments for autonomous vehicles YU Rong-jie,ZHAO Sui-yang,DONG Hao-ran Shandong Science    2022, 35 (3): 62-71.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.03.008 Abstract （380）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （3444KB）（202）       Knowledge map    Save To support the optimal selection of public testing road sites and provide instructions for improving driving environments for autonomous vehicles, a quantitative evaluation method for driving environment visual perception complexity was proposed. Based on the driving environment dataset from Baidu street view map, an automated extraction platform of street view image data was established using a script file and the screenshot tool PicPick. Driving environment data of 50 typical Shanghai roads of different areas and different road grades were collected. Then, an element perception platform of driving environment was established from five aspects—pedestrians, traffic signs, road markings, traffic lights, and vehicles—to quantitatively evaluate perception accuracy. Based on single-element perception accuracy, the weights for multidimensional perception elements were determined using the entropy method, and integrated perception accuracy at the road level was calculated. The silhouette coefficient method and K-means++ clustering algorithm were used to propose the classification of visual perception complexity. Results showed that the visual perception complexity of the road network in Shanghai can be divided into three levels. The majority of driving environment visual perception complexities of roads belong to level 2. In addition, comparisons among roads of different grades indicated that the visual perception complexity of local roads is generally lower than that of arterial roads. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Potential mechanism of Mahuangjiazhu Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology combined with molecular docking technology LI Xiao-li,YING Tian-hao,TANG Yi-di,ZHU Xuan,SUN Meng-meng,YU Tao,ZHAO Jia-ning,ZHANG Lei-ming Shandong Science    2022, 35 (3): 17-26.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.03.003 Abstract （372）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （5526KB）（133）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the potential mechanism of Mahuangjiazhu Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The main active ingredients of Mahuangjiazhu Decoction and their targets were searched and screened. The targets for rheumatoid arthritis disease were obtained by screening using the GeneCards, OMIM, and Drugbank databases. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct protein-protein interaction networks. Metascape database was used to conduct gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the target points of Mahuangjiazhu Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cytoscape was used to construct a drug components-targets-pathways network. Finally, AutoDock software was used to perform molecular docking of key components and targets. A total of 131 potential active ingredients of Mahuangjiazhu Decoction and 133 key targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were screened. The main ingredients included quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, etc. The core targets included IL-6, TNF, TP53, STAT3, etc. GO and KEGG analyses revealed 2 250 biological processes, 89 cell components, and 152 molecular functions. The enrichment pathways mainly involved the AGE-RAGE, IL-17, and TNF signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that phaseol and glycyrrhizin had good binding activity to key targets such as AKT1, PTGS2, MAPK1, and MAPK8. Thus, Mahuangjiazhu Decoction plays a role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel action mode, which provides important scientific information for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the mechanism of Dipsaci Radix-Taxilli Herba underlying the improvement of polycystic ovary syndrome via network pharmacology and molecular docking HAN Cong,XIA Ming-hong,HU Yuan-long,ZHANG Jian-wei Shandong Science    2022, 35 (3): 7-16.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.03.002 Abstract （369）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （5213KB）（271）       Knowledge map    Save The study's aim was to explore the main active ingredients, targets, and pathways of the combined medicine, Dipsaci Radix-Taxilli Herba, involved in the improvement of polycystic ovary syndrome via network pharmacology. The main active ingredients and potential targets of Dipsaci Radix-Taxilli Herba were obtained through the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) systems pharmacology database and analysis platform, and the TCM-ingredient-target network was constructed using the Cytoscape software. The disease targets of polycystic ovary syndrome were obtained through Disgenet and OMIM databases, and they were compared to obtain common drugs and disease targets with the help of online venn tools. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway and gene ontology(GO) enrichment analyses were performed for the intersecting targets using Metascape database. Furthermore, the ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed via the Cytoscape software, and the reliability of inter-target binding was verified using the molecular docking technique. Among the 174 screened targets of the combined medicine, 80 common targets intersected with polycystic ovary syndrome, which mainly included cancer, hepatitis C signaling, AGE-RAGE signaling in diabetic complications, and other signaling pathways. The medicine, Dipsaci Radix-Taxilli Herba, forms multitarget and multichannel regulatory network through quercetin, β-sitosterol, and other active substances; improves hormone metabolism; reduces inflammatory cytokine levels; and achieves the goal of systemic improvement in polycystic ovary syndrome. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evacuation optimization of a sudden large passenger flow in resilient transportation hub CAO Ruobing, CAO Chengxuan, XU Meng, CAO Lu Shandong Science    2023, 36 (2): 76-84.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.02.010 Abstract （360）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （1151KB）（293）       Knowledge map    Save The improvement of the resilience of transportation hubs is crucial to cope with the pressure brought by a sudden large passenger flow on the transportation system. Based on the layout of the internal facilities of transportation hubs, the potential passenger evacuation paths are abstracted as a network diagram comprising nodes and links. From the perspective of changing the passenger evacuation paths, an optimization model is proposed herein for sudden large passenger flow evacuation while opening the emergency channels. The emergency channels that are normally closed can be opened for evacuation when there is a sudden large passenger flow. The passenger flow between each origin and destination and the potential passenger evacuation paths are pregiven. A passenger evacuation optimization model is presented to minimize the generalized cost including the passenger evacuation time and the cost of opening the emergency channels. The chaotic ant colony algorithm is designed to solve the model and obtain the optimal passenger evacuation scheme. Finally, Beijing South Railway Station is taken as a case study to verify the model and algorithm. Results show that in case of a sudden large passenger flow, opening emergency channels with appropriate location and number can effectively shorten the evacuation time of passengers. The results obtained in this paper provide a theoretical support for improving the resilience of urban transportation hubs from the perspective of their internal facility planning and layout and the optimization of passenger evacuation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the mechanism of Mori Cortex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology LI Yan, LI Ziwen, LI Limin, WANG Mengxia, ZHANG Peng, WU Zhengzhi Shandong Science    2023, 36 (1): 41-50.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.006 Abstract （353）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （5073KB）（318）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the potential mechanism of Mori Cortex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The active ingredients and predicted targets of Mori Cortex were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. T2DM targets were retrieved from the DrugBank, GeneCards, and TTD databases.Then, the components-target network diagram of Mori Cortex and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of intersection targets were constructed. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. Finally, active ingredients and key targets were selected, and AutoDock software was used for molecular docking.The 25 active ingredients and 126 intersection targets of Mori Cortex and disease were predicted. The PPI network revealed that AKT1, IL-6, TNF, VEGFA, TP53, and CASP3 may be the key targets of Mori Cortex in the treatment of T2DM.The GO enrichment analysis included biological processes such as the cytokine signal transduction pathway, response to lipids, and the apoptosis signal pathway.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included the AGE-RAGE, IL-17, TNF, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. The results of molecular bonding showed that quercetin, kahenol, β-sitosterol, iristectorigeni B, and glabrone had good binding activities with AKT1, IL-6, VEGFA, and CASP3.The binding energy of quercetin with AKT1 was the lowest and that of glabrone with IL-6, VEGFA and CASP3 was the lowest.This study preliminarily explored the active ingredients, potential targets, biological processes, and signaling pathways of Mori Cortex in the treatment of T2DM, providing a scientific basis for its clinical application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fracture analysis and prevention of high-strength fastening bolts used in railway steel bridges GUO Weimin, DONG Youfu, LEI Tai'an, ZHANG Qinran, LIU Guoqiang, LIU Guofei, MENG Lingqiang, TIAN Linan, DING Ning Shandong Science    2023, 36 (2): 69-75.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.02.009 Abstract （346）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （1287KB）（134）       Knowledge map    Save Several high-strength fastening bolts were found broken on a railway steel bridge. Failure analysis of these bolts was performed to determine why they fractured and to prevent future bolt fractures. The fracture morphology, microarea-chemical analysis of the fracture, microstructure and hardness of the bolts, compositional contents, and mechanical properties of the bolt steel were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, optical microscopy, a Rockwell hardness tester, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and an electronic universal testing machine, respectively. The results indicate that the compositional contents, hardness, and mechanical properties are consistent with the 20MnTiB steel standard. In addition, dendritic cracks can be observed in the fracture initiation zones of the fastening bolts and the corrosion products in the cracks contain sulfur.The fastening bolts are subjected to cyclic loads in normal working conditions. Therefore, fractures of the fastening bolts were caused by corrosion fatigue fractures under cyclic loads. The cracks initiated at the root of the screw thread or the connecting point between the stud and nut, which are particularly vulnerable to stress corrosion cracks caused by the presence of sulfur. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Crystal form control of the reactive crystallization process of esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate GAO Xu-jie,LI Hong-cheng,GUO Jian-hui,YU Shuai,XUE Fu-min Shandong Science    2022, 35 (3): 138-144.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.03.017 Abstract （345）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （2295KB）（96）       Knowledge map    Save Herein, esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate was prepared and its crystal form was controlled. Moreover, the properties of the product, such as the particle size distribution, were optimized. X-ray powder diffraction was used to characterize the crystal shape of the product. A two-dimensional online imaging system was employed to monitor changes in the crystal morphology during the reactive crystallization of esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate. A Marvin laser particle size analyzer was used to monitor changes in the particle size distribution. The effects of the crystallization temperature, reactant concentration, on the crystal form and mophorology of esomeprazole trihydrate magnesium were investigated. Results show that the crystallization mode of esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate is spherical and the crystallization temperature is the key factor affecting the crystal shape. The optimized reaction temperature was 25 ℃. Using the optimized process, drug particles of esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate with a fixed crystal shape, uniform particle size distribution, and large average particle size can be synthesized. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular identification of a newly discovered medicinal plant, Isodon rubescens, in Shandong using DNA barcoding GE Jun-wei, LI Ping, ZHANG Tong-tong, GAO Fei, WANG Wen-yue, WANG Jun-nan, SUN Zhi-ying Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 15-20.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.003 Abstract （342）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1108KB）（211）       Knowledge map    Save DNA barcoding method was carried out to identify a species, which was discovered during field medicinal resource investigation in Shandong and difficult to identify using morphological characters. First, the total DNA was extracted from the samples. Then, the sequences of internal transcribed spacer region 2 and psbA-trnH were amplified and sequenced using polymerase chain reaction. Next, the obtained sequences were proofread and spliced using Chromasv, and the software MEGA 6.0 was used to analyze the data. Consequently, the studied species was identified as Isodon rubescen (Hemsl.) Hara using the DNA barcoding method. This study provides important evidence regarding the identification of a newly discovered species, Isodon rubescens, in Shandong and its medicinal resource development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of Shiweiyipi Granules based on network pharmacology and molecular docking LIU Wenwen, LI Changgeng, KONG Na, LIU Shuang, DONG Hongjing Shandong Science    2023, 36 (2): 33-40.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.02.005 Abstract （335）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （1236KB）（191）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the major active ingredients and mechanism of Shiweiyipi Granules in treating spleen deficiency and food syndrome. With the help of related papers and the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform, we obtained the major chemical compounds of 10 medicines from Shiweiyipi Granules in order to construct a chemical composition library. We also built a related target library using multiple databases. In addition, disease targets related to food accumulation and spleen strengthening were obtained from the Genecards, OMIM, and TTD databases. The chemical compositions-potential targets network was used to screen the key components and targets. The core components and targets were selected through the TCM-key components-key targets disease network; the core components were analyzed using the SwissADME database; and the CB Dock website was used for molecular docking. The results revealed that quercetin, poricoic acid A, poricoic acid C, and β-sitosterol were the core compounds of Shiweiyipi Granules, whereas CA2, PTGS1, and PTGS2 were the core targets of Shiweiyipi Granules. The molecular docking results showed that the core ingredients had a good affinity for the core targets. This study provided a theoretical basis and data support for further interpretation of the action mechanism and clinical application of Shiweiyipi Granules. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of Angelica sinensis volatile oil GUO Tian-tian, FANG Zhao-ying, LIU Zhen-yuan, ZHANG Wei, BI Yan-yan, SUN Yan, GUAN Yong-xia Shandong Science    2022, 35 (6): 16-23.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.06.003 Abstract （312）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （2999KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save To determine the most optimal extraction process for angelica volatile oil and its antioxidant activity. In this experiment, authentic Angelica sinensis was used as the test material and the single factor and response surface analysis methods were adopted. The particle size of angelica granules, water addition ratio, and extraction time were investigated. In addition, volatile oil yield was evaluated, and the volatile oil extraction process was optimized. Under the conditions of this process, the volatile oil of A. sinensis was extracted, and the antioxidant activity of the volatile oil was determined based on the DPPH free radical scavenging rate. The results showed that the optimum process parameters were particle size of 24 mesh, water addition ratio of 6, and extraction time of 7 h. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of volatile oil from A. sinensis was high.The antioxidant assay showed that when the concentration of A. sinensis volatile oil was 1.2 mg/mL, the DPPH radical scavenging rate was 51.9%. The process optimized by the single factor and response surface model was stable, and the extraction rate of the volatile oil was high. The volatile oil produced under these conditions had good antioxidant activity, which can provide scientific and rational guidance for clarifying and optimizing the process parameters for extracting A. sinensis volatile oil. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of the rule and network mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of constipation LIU Shuang, DONG Hong-jing, ZHANG Yan-yan, WANG Xiao, LIU Wen-wen Shandong Science    2022, 35 (6): 24-32.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.06.004 Abstract （312）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （3454KB）（198）       Knowledge map    Save The mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating constipation was clarified based on data mining methods and network pharmacology. Articles related to the treatment of constipation with TCM compound prescriptions were retrieved from CNKI, VIP, and WANFANG databases. The articles that met the requirements were selected, and the drug frequency, association rules, and cluster analysis of TCM compound prescriptions were analyzed. The chemical compounds and targets of core TCM were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, and the disease targets were retrieved from GeneCards, OMIM, and TTD databases. The potential targets were screened using the Venny platform. The STRING and DAVID databases were used to analyze the potential mechanism. Molecular docking was done using AutoDock software. The results indicated that 85 TCM compound prescriptions were selected. Twenty-five medicine types were used more than 10 times, among which Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma had the highest frequency of use. The result of association rules showed that Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Astragali Radix and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix were the most supported combinations. The medicines were divided into five categories by cluster analysis. Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, and Cannabis Fructus were regarded as core medicines. Network pharmacology analysis findings revealed that the mechanism of core TCM for treating constipation was chemical compounds acting on AKT1, which then regulated pathways, such as those in cancer, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the p53 signaling pathway, to exert pharmacological effects. This study provided a theoretical basis for TCM compound prescriptions to treat constipation, as well as a new idea for further investigation and development of TCM compound prescriptions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of monosaccharide composition in polysaccharides from different parts of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix using HILIC-CAD-ESI-TOF/MS ZHAO Zhi-guo, ZHANG Min-min, LI Yue, WANG Dai-jie, YANG Guo-hong, WANG Xiao, ZHAO Heng-qiang Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.001 Abstract （304）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （2096KB）（159）       Knowledge map    Save The study aimed to determine the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from different parts (such as rhizome, taproot, and fibrous ginseng root) of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix using HILIC-CAD-ESI-TOF/MS. The polysaccharides of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix were completely hydrolyzed via ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis, and a Waters Xbridge Amide column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution (A for aqueous ammonium acetate solution, B for acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, column temperature of 40 ℃ was used. ESI-TOF/MS was used for qualitative identification, and CAD detector (with a nebulizer temperature of 60 ℃ and N2 pressure of 8.8 kPa) was used for quantitative determination, combined with principal component analysis to differentiate the different parts of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. The suggested method showed a good linearity in the corresponding mass concentration ranges (correlation coefficients>0.999 1); the detection limit was found to be between 0.03 μg/mL and 0.13 μg/mL, and recoveries between 94.17% and 107.15% were achieved. The method was applied to determine the presence of seven monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, fucose, and mannose) and two uronic acids (galacuronic and glucuronic acids) in the products obtained by subjecting the different parts of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix to polysaccharide hydrolysis. In the taproot, the content of glucose was relatively high with a mean of (2.123±0.070)mg/g; in the rhizome, the contents of rhamnose, arabinose, fructose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid were relatively high with a mean of (0.037±0.006)mg/g, (0.179±0.023)mg/g, (0.158±0.028)mg/g, (0.036±0.006)mg/g, (0.069±0.007)mg/g, and (0.376±0.096)mg/g, respectively; and in the fibrous ginseng root, the fucose content was relatively high with a mean of (0.120±0.005)mg/g. The suggested method was found to be simple, sensitive, and reproducible and provided method and data support for the composition of monosaccharides of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix and the exploitation of different medicinal parts. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of polyamide 66 core-spun denim fabric LIU Yu-meng,TONG Sheng-hao,ZHANG Rui-yun,ZHANG Xiao-hua,XU Xiao-yuan,LIU Liu,ZHANG Rui-yin,LEI Fei,FU Shao-ju Shandong Science    2022, 35 (3): 27-34.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.03.004 Abstract （292）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （2424KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save Herein, we are using polyamide 66 fiber to develop high performance and high quality denim fabric. Using viscose as the outer fiber, polyamide 66 or spandex as the core yarn to make 36.4 and 28.0 tex core-spun yarn as the weft yarn, pure cotton yarn of 36.4 and 28.0 tex as the warp yarn, a rapier loom is used to interweave to make the denim fabric. The strength, wear resistance, elastic recovery, crease recovery, and bending properties of denim fabrics woven from 6 kinds of fabrics waved by polyamide 66 core-spun yarns and spandex core-spun yarns were tested. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the elasticity of polyamide 66 core-spun denim is as good as that of spandex core-spun denim, while its strength and softness are better. Viscose/polyamide 66 (3.33 tex/10 F) core-spun fabric is stronger, more resilient, and softer than viscose/polyamide 66 (3.33 tex/34 F) fabric. Meanwhile, fabrics woven with 36.4 tex yarn have better strength, elasticity, and crease recovery, while fabrics woven with 28.0 tex yarn are softer. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis of the mechanism of Huanglian Wendan Decoction in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis LIU Wenwen, GAO Yunyun, YIN Zhipeng, LÜ Gang, WANG Yu, ZHAO Yinghui Shandong Science    2023, 36 (2): 23-32.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.02.004 Abstract （292）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （1214KB）（153）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Huanglian Wendan Decoction in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis by network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The active ingredients and drug target genes of Huanglian Wendan Decoction were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform. The H. pylori associated gastritis disease-related targets were found by the GeneCards and DisGENET databases, and the common target genes of diseases and drugs were obtained via the Venny online mapping tool. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software and the STRING database were used to construct a drug-compound-target interaction network and a protein-protein interaction network diagram, respectively. Gene ontology function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the DAVID database. The target proteins and active ingredients with the top three selection scores were selected for molecular docking using Autodocktools 1.5.6 software. A total of 127 active ingredients of Huanglian Wendan Decoction were screened, such as quercetin, nobiletin, and naringenin. A total of 101 potential target proteins were obtained, such as Akt1, JUN, TNF-α, and STAT3, which involved 90 signal pathways, including the p53 signal pathway, NOD-like receptor signal pathway, and TNF signal pathway. Molecular docking results revealed that the key targets, STAT3, TP53, and Akt1, had high affinity for the active ingredients quercetin, nobiletin, and naringenin. In addition, Akt1 had the highest binding affinity for naringenin. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis predicted the action target and related signal pathway of Huanglian Wendan Decoction in the treatment of H. pylori associated gastritis, which will provide a theoretical basis for clinical application and subsequent experimental research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of foundation pit dewatering and excavation with suspended waterproof curtain on adjacent high-speed railway piers LI Peng-ju, QIAN Lin-gen, WU Qiang, HUANG Shan, CHEN Su Shandong Science    2022, 35 (6): 116-122.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.06.015 Abstract （291）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （3087KB）（162）       Knowledge map    Save In the case of a deep aquifer, a suspended waterproof curtain is typically used in foundation pit engineering. The depth of the waterproof curtain exerts a crucial impact on the deformation of surrounding surface and buildings owing to dewatering and excavation of foundation pit. To study the impact of the dewatering and excavation of foundation pit on the deformation of adjacent high-speed railway piers under different depths of the waterproof curtain, a three-dimension finite element software was used to numerically simulate the dewatering and excavation of a subway station foundation pit in Suzhou. Results show that with increasing depth of the waterproof curtain, the settlement of piers adjacent to the foundation pits gradually decreases. When the depths of the waterproof curtain are 41 and 91 m, the pier settlements of the high-speed railway are 31.88 and 4.18 mm, respectively. Moreover, the settlement of the pier meets the control requirements (≤5 mm) only if the depth of the waterproof curtain exceeds 91 m. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Lonicera japonica varieties based on morphological classification and submicroscopic structure characteristics of pollen grains LI Xiaojuan, LU Heng, LIU Wei, LI Shengbo, WANG Xiao Shandong Science    2023, 36 (2): 1-7.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.02.001 Abstract （289）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （1322KB）（205）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to provide a basis for the evaluation of germplasm resources, variety classification and identification, and selection of excellent varieties for Lonicera japonica based on submicroscopic structure characteristics of pollen grains. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to classify and identify the plants, stems, leaves, flowers, pollens, and outer ornamentations of L. japonica varieties. The data were analyzed using statistical product and service solutions(SPSS). There were certain differences in the morphological traits, pollen shapes, germinal apertures, and outer ornamentations of the eight L. japonica varieties. The stem and crown of the Sijihua plants were obvious, and the Beihua No.1 plants were bush-like. The buds of L. japonica No. 24 were sparsely pubescent. The pollen grains were spheres, with dense thorn-like ornamentations on the outer wall. The pollen grains of Beihua No.1 and Sijihua were triangular spheres, with dense, thick, thorn-like ornamentations on the outer wall. The stems, branches, and buds of Damaohua had dense, long pubescence. The buds of L. japonica No. 16 were densely covered, with glandular hairs and acicular hairs. The pollen grains of L. japonica No. 1, L. japonica No. 15, and L. japonica No. 23 were blunt triangular spheres or spheroids, with sparse, thorn-like ornamentations on the outer wall. The morphological characteristics of the pollen grains of L. japonica varieties provide a palynological basis for variety classification and identification. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predicting interannual variation of global solar radiation trends in Jinan City based on time series sparse coefficient model JIA Xingbin, GONG Xiang Shandong Science    2023, 36 (1): 115-123.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.015 Abstract （287）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （3322KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, we have used the observed data of annual total solar radiation from 1961 to 2016 in Jinan, Shandong Province, and compared and analyzed the fitting results of time series models AR(5) and ARIMA((1,2,4),1,0) via model identification and statistical tests. As per the residual test results, the sparse coefficient model ARIMA((1,2,4),1,0) can be used to predict the total annual surface solar radiation. The prediction results show that the overall interannual variation of surface solar radiation in Jinan from 2017 to 2025 follows an increasing trend and the utilization of solar energy resources can be further explored. Compared to the results of the multiple linear regression model, the time series sparse coefficient model has less error and higher prediction accuracy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermodynamic analysis of combined cooling,heating and power system based on solar hydrogen production/high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell SONG Rui, JI Feng-jun, SONG Ju-xing, HAN Ji-tian Shandong Science    2022, 35 (6): 92-102.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.06.012 Abstract （287）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （3654KB）（154）       Knowledge map    Save A combined cooling, heating, and power system based on solar hydrogen production and high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell is developed in this study. A mathematical model of the system is built using the Matlab software to analyze the operation conditions of the system under rated working condition. The key design parameters, such as the pressure swing adsorption separation rate, current density, and working temperature of the high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell are studied emphatically to explore their impact on exergy efficiency; primary energy efficiency; and the cooling, heating, power loads of the system. The results demonstrate that the combined cooling, heating, and power system can provide the power load of 236.68 kW, heating, and cooling loads of 1 180.30 kW, and 165.14 kW, respectively, during a 6 h hydrogen production period under the design flow rate of input methanol. The system can output power, heating, and cooling loads of 2.30 × 107, 2.55 × 107,and 1.43 × 107 kJ every 24 h. The 24 h exergy and the primary energy efficiency of the system are 69.18% and 91.96% respectively. Further, it is observed that the largest exergy loss occurs in the burning room, heat exchanger 3, and solar reforming-reaction generator. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversion parking guidance strategy of shared bicycles under reward mechanism considering user preference PENG Peng, JIA Shun-ping Shandong Science    2022, 35 (6): 123-130.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.06.016 Abstract （286）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （2128KB）（147）       Knowledge map    Save To alleviate the random-parking problem of shared bicycles due to insufficient parking spaces, this paper proposes a diversion guidance strategy for parking shared bicycles and sets the corresponding reward measures according to user behavior. A survey of stated preference is designed to obtain the user behavior choice preference data. Subsequently, the Logit model is used to analyze the data and build a reward mechanism to encourage the diversion parking by shared-bicycle users. Moreover, a multiobjective optimization model is constructed for minimizing enterprise cost and maximizing transfer parking demand. Yongtaizhuang subway station in Xisanqi is used as an example to examine the practical operability of this strategy. Results show that the user acceptance of the proposed strategy is 60%, and 58.33% of the excessive parking demand is successfully transferred. This strategy can mitigate the problem of insufficient parking spaces for shared bicycles to a certain degree and provides effective suggestions for managing the parking of shared bicycles. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determining the concentration of tectochrysin in rat plasma using HPLC-MS/MS DENG Zhi-Peng, LI Jing, ZHAO Pan, SONG Jia Shandong Science    2022, 35 (4): 21-27.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.04.004 Abstract （284）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （1146KB）（228）       Knowledge map    Save The aim was to develop a method using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the quantitative analysis of tectochrysin in rat plasma and evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tectochrysin in rats after intragastric administration. First, plasma samples were precipitated using acetonitrile reagent, and a 5 μL supernatant was injected into system for analysis. Phellopterin was used as the internal standard to monitor the concentrations of tectochrysin in rat plasma via HPLC-MS/MS. Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) was used, and the mobile phase was composed of an aqueous solution (60:40, V/V) of 0.1% acetonitrile and formic acid (isocratic elution). Electrospray ionization was used in the positive ion mode, and selected reaction monitoring was performed at mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 268.8→225.9 (tectochrysin) and m/z 300.9→233.0 (internal standard). The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5~200 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation of inter and intraday precisions was 3.28%~13.12%, and relative error of accuracy was -6.38%~7.60%. Matrix effect was 98.43%~103.57%, and extraction recovery rate was 93.36%~96.31%. The assay was found to be useful for determining the concentration and evaluating the pharmacokinetics of tectochrysin in rat plasma. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening,identification, and functional evaluation of low temperature degradation of straw Trichoderma TAI Shaohua, HU Jindong, WEI Shaowen, HONG Bo, WANG Xixin, SUN Youmin Shandong Science    2023, 36 (2): 50-58.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.02.007 Abstract （284）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1227KB）（91）       Knowledge map    Save Because of low temperatures in northern China during winter, straw with low decomposition efficiency is directly returned to the field, making pathogen accumulation easy. To promote in-situ decomposition of straw and reduce the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, a strain of Trichoderma, C47-3, which degrades straw at a low temperature, was obtained through low temperature culture combined with cellulase, hemicellulase, and laccase activity screening. The strain was inoculated in straw liquid medium, and the straw degradation rate was 22.28% after 15 days of cultivation at 15 ℃. Morphological observation and molecular biology analysis revealed that the strain was Trichoderma paratroviride. The Trichoderma strain C47-3 and its volatile substances inhibited the growth of eight pathogens, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Rhizoctonia cerealis, and Botrytis cinerea, and the inhibition rate of Fusarium pseudograminearum was greater than 60%. The screened Trichoderma strain C47-3 can improve straw decomposition efficiency at low temperatures and has biocontrol potential, providing strain resources for the efficient utilization of corn straw after returning to the field in winter and the biological control of soil-borne diseases in northern China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Balance stance analysis of a single-point-mooring submerged buoy system for performing electromagnetic measurements WANG Xin, WU Pingwei, HUANG Wei, DAI Jinhui Shandong Science    2023, 36 (1): 1-9.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.001 Abstract （282）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （3698KB）（246）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the actual marine hydrological data obtained from apredetermined sea area, a submerged buoy system is established herein for performing electromagnetic measurements using the lumped mass method. Further, the balance stance of the submerged buoy system and the tension distribution of the cable are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the design of the system has maintained a good linear correlation between the measurement nodes; the linear correlation coefficient is maintained above 0.995.The counterweight buffer cable can achieve good antiwave buffer effect. The analysis of field trial data at the sea shows that the submerged buoy system with a static buoyancy of 600 N, a buffer cable length of 150 m, and a counterweight of 40 m and 1 N/m can form a U shaped buffer belt with a buffer depth of 21 m when the surface current velocity is 0.5 m/s, which is consistent with the results of simulation analysis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermal pipeline-leakage locating system based on distributed optical-fiber temperature-measurement LI Shuo, HOU Moyu, ZHAO Xiaofen, WANG Jiamin, YU Zikun, WANG Jiqiang Shandong Science    2023, 36 (1): 84-89.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.011 Abstract （274）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （3286KB）（134）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming to resolve the deficiencies of low accuracy and poor anti-interference ability of traditional thermal pipeline-leakage detection methods,an distributed optical-fiber temperature-measurement system combined with the pipeline-leakage model is adopted herein to measure the temperature field along the thermal pipeline.When the leakage occurs, hot water or steam in the pipeline will flow out and change the temperature field around the leakage point, and the system can rapidly catch the temperature change and locate the leakage. The experimental results show that the temperature accuracy,which is the error between the measuring temperature value and the true value, is within ±1 ℃ and the spatial resolution is no more than 2 m.The system has been successfully applied to the thermal pipeline of the Jining Canal Power Plant, accurately measured the temperature variation along a 15 km thermal pipeline and precisely alerted a leakage, indicating that the distributed optical-fiber temperature-measurement system has a broad application prospect in the field of thermal pipeline-leakage monitoring. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on CO2 detecting system based on spectrum absorption GONG Wei-Hua, ZHANG Ting-Ting, WEI Yu-Bin, WANG Zhao-Wei, LI Yan-Fang, ZHANG Qin-Duan, LIU Tong-Yu, ZHANG Wei Shandong Science    2022, 35 (6): 103-108.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.06.013 Abstract （273）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （2322KB）（171）       Knowledge map    Save To meet the application requirements of real-time carbon dioxide (CO2)-gas online monitoring, this paper proposes an online detection system for the CO2 gas based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy according to the theory of Beer-Lambert law. The selected absorption spectrum wavelength of the system is 1 609.583 nm. Futher, two reference optical paths are built to eliminate the signal fluctuation of the light source and automatically detect the absorption peak to improve the stability and accuracy of the detection system. The calibration of the system shows that the relative measurement error of the system is less than 0.8%, the system repeatability is less than 0.06%, and the response time is less than or equal to 18 s. Continuous monitoring of CO2 in the air for 4 h shows that the fluctuation range of the volume fraction measurement is 360×10-6 to 400×10-6. The system has good stability and reliability and can meet the application requirements of real-time CO2 gas online monitoring. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the mechanism of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma in treating plasma cell mastitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking PAN Wu-liang, ZHANG Jiang-yu, XU Chun-yan, ZENG Yi, PAN Zong-yu, YOU Yuan-yuan Shandong Science    2022, 35 (6): 33-41.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.06.005 Abstract （272）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （3380KB）（153）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to preliminarily analyze the mechanism of action of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma in the treatment of plasma cell mastitis using network pharmacology and study the affinity of active ingredients in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma to the main targets of plasma cell mastitis using molecular docking technology, so as to prove that the selected active ingredients can indeed bind to the disease targets. We used traditional Chinese medicine’s pharmacology database and analysis platforms to screen for the effective active ingredients in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizomaand and the related targets of these ingredients to construct a traditional Chinese medicine-ingredient-target network. Using the GeneCard and DisGeNET databases to screen for the highly correlated gene targets of plasma cell mastitis, the drug ingredient targets were mapped to disease gene targets. The drug-ingredient-target-disease network was obtained, and the potential active ingredients of the drug and gene targets were obtained by analyzing the network. The potential targets were imported into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Biological functions and metabolic pathways of potential targets were analyzed using the DAVID database. The highly correlated active ingredients were screened, and their targets underwent molecular docking, where IL-6, ICAM1, and PGR having the highest correlation with plasma cell mastitis were selected, and their three-dimensional protein structure was found in the PDB database. Next, the molecular structure of the active ingredients of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma was found in the Zinc database. The proteins were docked to the molecules using Autodock 4.0 software, and 59 effective active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and 132 of its related targets as well as 125 disease-related targets were obtained. A total of 10 potential targets of action, BCL2L1, EDNRA, ERBB2, ICAM1, IFNG, IL-4, IL-6, NR3C1, PGR, and STAT3, were obtained after mapping; 14 biological processes were found after Gene Ontology enrichment analysis; and 16 signaling pathways were screened after Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, which mainly included breast cancer, cancer signaling, Cushing’s syndrome, and NF-κB signaling pathways, among others. Molecular docking showed that the screened active ingredients of the drug did have a greater affinity to the potential targets of action. This study has preliminarily identified the material basis of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma miltiorrhiza in the treatment of plasma cell mastitis and revealed that the treatment of this disease using Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma is regulated by multiple ingredients, targets, and pathways. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Single-well-based complementary distributed multienergy system and optimization GAO Guo-qiang,ZHENG Wei-bo,WANG Zhao-liang,CHEN Hong-yu,CHEN Guo-fu Shandong Science    2022, 35 (3): 43-53.   DOI: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2022.03.006 Abstract （272）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （5101KB）（169）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, two production modes of oil-collecting pipeline transportation and oil-pulling single-well oil storage tanks are modeled and dynamic simulations are performed. Moreover, the heating load-variation rules and optimal heating parameters of the two modes are further explored. The distributed energy system schemes of crude oil transportation in single-well oil-collecting pipelines and oil-pulling oil storage tanks are designed, which involve a water jacket heating furnace, electric heat tracing, a solar heat-collecting device, a solar heat storage device, and an air source heat pump. Thermodynamic calculations of five types of heat sources are performed, and the objective function and constraint conditions for the two types of distributed energy systems are established to optimize the systems. Results show the required electric heat-tracing proportion of different modes, seasons, and times to achieve the rational use of the heat source and minimize investment and operational costs. Furthermore, economic analysis of several distributed heat sources is performed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics