低温降解秸秆木霉菌的筛选、鉴定及功能评价

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Because of low temperatures in northern China during winter, straw with low decomposition efficiency is directly returned to the field, making pathogen accumulation easy. To promote in-situ decomposition of straw and reduce the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, a strain of Trichoderma, C47-3, which degrades straw at a low temperature, was obtained through low temperature culture combined with cellulase, hemicellulase, and laccase activity screening. The strain was inoculated in straw liquid medium, and the straw degradation rate was 22.28% after 15 days of cultivation at 15 ℃. Morphological observation and molecular biology analysis revealed that the strain was Trichoderma paratroviride. The Trichoderma strain C47-3 and its volatile substances inhibited the growth of eight pathogens, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Rhizoctonia cerealis, and Botrytis cinerea, and the inhibition rate of Fusarium pseudograminearum was greater than 60%. The screened Trichoderma strain C47-3 can improve straw decomposition efficiency at low temperatures and has biocontrol potential, providing strain resources for the efficient utilization of corn straw after returning to the field in winter and the biological control of soil-borne diseases in northern China.

Key words: Trichoderma, low temperature, straw degradation, identification, bacteriostatic rate

CLC Number:

S182

Cite this article

TAI Shaohua, HU Jindong, WEI Shaowen, HONG Bo, WANG Xixin, SUN Youmin. Screening,identification, and functional evaluation of low temperature degradation of straw Trichoderma[J].Shandong Science, 2023, 36(2): 50-58.

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Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Growth rate of low-temperature-resistant Trichoderma strains"

菌株	25 ℃生长半径/cm	15 ℃生长半径/cm	生长速率比/%
C47-1	4.50	2.43±0.06ab	56.59±0.01a
C47-3	4.50	2.35±0.05a	54.65±0.01ab
C65-2	4.50	1.95±0.43bc	45.35±0.10abc
C83-1	4.50	1.77±0.25bc	41.08±0.06bc
C87-1	4.50	1.70±0.36ab	39.54±0.08c
C91-2	4.50	1.73±0.68c	40.31±0.16bc
C98-2	4.50	1.83±0.29ab	42.63±0.07abc
C158-2	4.50	2.37±0.23abc	55.04±0.05ab
23515	4.50	2.03±0.06ab	47.29±0.01abc
23516	4.50	2.42±0.08abc	56.20±0.02a
TW22055	4.50	1.99±0.25ab	46.20±0.06abc

Table 1

Fig.1

Enzymatic activity of the strain C47-3"

Fig.1

Table 2

The hydrolytic circle radius of cellulase and hemicellulase and the color intensity of the laccase oxidation zone of each strain"

菌株	纤维素酶水解圈半径/cm	半纤维素水解色圈半径/cm	漆酶氧化带
C47-1	0.60±0.17ab	0.77±0.12a	-
C47-3	0.70±0.10a	0.63±0.15ab	++
C65-2	0.40±0.10bc	0.13±0.06f	-
C83-1	0.43±0.21bc	0.27±0.06def	-
C87-1	0.53±0.06ab	0.27±0.06def	-
C91-2	0.27±0.06c	0.33±0.06def	+
C98-2	0.60±0.10ab	0.23±0.06ef	-
C158-2	0.50±0.00abc	0.37±0.06cde	-
23515	0.60±0.10ab	0.63±0.25ab	+
23516	0.47±0.15abc	0.47±0.06bcd	++
TW22055	0.57±0.06ab	0.57±0.12abc	+

Table 2

Table 3

Straw degradation rate and Trichoderma enzyme activity in the straw degradation process"

秸秆降解时间	纤维素酶活性/(U·mL^-1)	半纤维素酶活性/(U·mL^-1)	漆酶活性/(U·mL^-1)	秸秆降解率/%
第3 d	6.06±0.10a	2.74±0.74b	0.05±0.29c	—
第5 d	2.38±0.38b	14.41±1.88a	1.92±0.76b	—
第15 d	2.41±0.07b	1.56±1.65b	12.25±1.24a	22.28±0.02

Table 3

Fig.2

The morphological characteristics of the strain C47-3"

Fig.2

Fig.3

Phylogenetic tree of Trichoderma strain C47-3 based on combined ITS and TEF1-α gene sequences"

Fig.3

Table 4

Inhibition rate of the Trichoderma strain C47-3 and its volatile substances on pathogenic fungi"

病原菌	木霉C47-3对病原真菌的抑制率/%	木霉C47-3挥发性物质对病原真菌的抑制率/%
葡萄座腔菌 Botryosphaeria dothidea	52.55±0.01b	55.56±0.01ab
禾谷丝核菌 Rhizoctonia cerealis	50.29±0.19ab	45.94±0.15abc
灰葡萄孢 Botrytiscinerea	63.06±0.04b	43.58±0.17abc
立枯丝核菌 Rhizoctonia solani	100.00±0.00a	43.32±0.01abc
白腐盾壳霉 (Coniothyrium diplodiella)	49.62±0.10ab	40.45±0.11bcd
假禾谷镰孢 (Fusarium pseudograminearum)	60.02±0.03b	60.13±0.09a
腐皮镰刀菌 Fusarium solani	100.00±0.00a	21.49±0.02d
尖孢镰孢 Fusarium oxysporum	35.17±0.08c	27.65±0.01cd

Table 4

Fig.4

The volatile substances of the Trichoderma strain C47-3 inhibiting pathogenic fungi"

Fig.4

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