The headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to extract and analyze the volatile components of Mongolian thyme herb,the peak areas were normalized to obtain the relative content of each component. A total of 56 volatile components were detected, of which, phenolic alcohols, terpenes, alkenes, esters, aldehydes, and ketones were the primary chemical compounds. linalool (27.8%), borneol (9.12%), camphor terpene (8.12%), limonene (7.81%), etc. were found to be the main ingredients. This is the first study wherein HS-SPME was performed in combination with GC-MS to analyze the volatile components of Mongolian thyme herb found in the Shandong area. The chemical components were found to be rich and have a high medicinal value.

A preparation method for bilobalide certified reference material (CRM) was developed in this study to enrich and prepare bilobalide from ginkgo biloba using silica gel column chromatography combined with gel column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography. The structure of bilobalide was characterized using UV, IR, MS, and NMR. Bilobalide samples were tested for homogeneity and stability according to the technical requirements of GB /T 15000. 3—2008/ISO Guide 35:2006. Cooperative certification was conducted by eight laboratories. The results indicated that the standard value was 99.88% and the uncertainty was 0.22% with a confidence interval of 95%. The prepared samples had good uniformity and were stable for 24 months at storage temperatures of 2~8 °C, which were acceptable to the expert group. The preparation method of high-purity bilobalide has low preparation cost, simple operation, and high efficiency, which solves the problem of the lack of national standard samples for bilobalide and can be applied for quality control, analysis, and testing of Chinese medicinal materials and related products.

Three new wild species of plants were reported from Shandong Province, These were Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera, Polygonum muricatum Meisn., and Isodon serra (Maxim.) Kudô. The discoveries of these species are crucial for the study of plant diversity and distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine resources in Shandong. Voucher specimens of these species were deposited in Herbarium of Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College.

This study aimed to study the material basis of Shenfu Injection in the treatment of sepsis and its possible mechanism of action using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Swiss Target Prediction database were used to identify the potential active ingredients and drug targets of Shenfu Injection. Screening of disease targets was performed using GeneCards, OMIM, and Drugbank databases. String database and Cytoscape software were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Metascape platform was used for gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Cytoscape software was used to construct a component-target-pathway network. Auto Dock software was used to perform molecular docking of the key components and targets. A mouse sepsis model was developed by injecting LPS into the tail vein. The therapeutic effect of Shenfu Injection on sepsis was verified using ELISA and western blot. The results revealed 34 potential active ingredients in Shenfu Injection and 137 key targets involved in sepsis treatment. The results of GO and KEGG analyses showed that these targets primarily involved biological processes such as inflammation, apoptosis, and signal transduction and played a role in sepsis treatment through signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt and MAPK. The results of molecular docking revealed that the key components had good binding activities with the corresponding targets. In vivo experiments verified that Shenfu Injection inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in septic mice. Western blot results showed that Shenfu Injection could significantly upregulate ERK expression (P<0.01) and downregulate p-ERK expression (P<0.01) in liver tissues. This study found that Shenfu Injection exerts its antiseptic effect through a multicomponent-multitarget-multipathway mode of action, which provides an important scientific basis for clarifying its antisepsis mechanism.

Based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking study approach, investigation of the potential molecular mechanism of Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma-Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus couple medicine in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was conducted. The active ingredients and therapeutic targets of Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma-Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus couple medicine were selected on a TCM systematic pharmacological analysis platform. The disease targets corresponding to IPF were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, GeneCards and CTD databases. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed and analyzed using the STRING online database. Gene ontology(GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the hub genes were conducted using R language. Overall, 23 active ingredients of Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma-Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus couple medicine were screened; these active ingredients acted on 48 IPF target genes. Twenty hub genes such as AKT1, PTGS2, and IL1B were screened from the PPI network of target genes, and the docking energy of hub genes and active ingredient molecules of the drug pair were stable and firmly bound. The hub genes were enriched in 67 GO processes, including nuclear receptor activity and steroid receptor activity, and 90 KEGG signaling pathways, such as IL17 signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. The combination of Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus reinforces Qi and nourishes Yin, which may exert its effects on the treatment of IPF through multiple pathways and mechanisms such as regulation of body immunity, antifibrosis, antioxidative stress, and inhibition of inflammation.

The purpose of this study was to explore the internal relationship between temperature differences and efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xiaoyaosan,used for soothing liver and relieving depression. The main active ingredients and targets of the combination of cold bitter and warm pungent medicinal properties were obtained by database retrieval. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed based on STRING platform, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway and statistical analysis of the identified medicinal properties' combination protein-protein interaction network were carried out using metascape. The results show that the liver meridian properties of Xiaoyaosan were mainly involved in neurotransmitter, signal pathway, and endocrine pathway through HTR2B and other targets, and the cold bitter medicinal properties of Xiaoyaosan were mainly involved in energy metabolism and inflammatory reaction through CREBRF and other targets. The warm pungent medicinal properties of Xiaoyaosan was mainly involved in inflammatory reaction, neuronutrition, and amino acid metabolism through ADCY5 and other targets, thereby soothing the liver and relieving depression. The study explained the common characteristics of the liver meridian medicinal properties and specific characteristics of cold bitter medicinal properties and warm pungent medicinal properties from the molecular network level in Xiaoyaosan, and provided new ideas and new methods for the study of the internal relationship between the medicinal properties and efficacy of Xiaoyaosan.

This study aimed to discover the molecular mechanism of Fuzheng Tiaoli Decoction based on network pharmacology. The Bioinformatics Analysis Tool of Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) server was used to predict the potential targets of Fuzheng Tiaoli Decoction and construct a compound-target-pathway-disease interaction network diagram. The protein-protein interaction network of key targets was built using the STRING database based on gene ontology (GO), Reactome, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database for biological pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the effect of Fuzheng Tiaoli Decoction on the body weight and eating habit of S180 tumor-bearing mice was studied, and the tumor inhibition rate and thymus and spleen indices were calculated. The results showed that the target network of Fuzheng Tiaoli decoction mainly involves cancer (nonspecific), analgesia, breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, prostate cancer, depression, and other diseases and key targets such as OPRK1, NR3C1, NR3C2, ADORA1, ESR1, etc. GO enrichment analysis involved cytosol, cytoplasmic membrane, oxidoreductase activity, transmembrane transport protein activity, cellular amino acid, and other small molecule metabolism processes. Reactome pathway enrichment analysis involved neuronal systems, cross-chemical synapses transmission, neurotransmitter receptors, and post-synaptic signal transmission. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis involved neural activity ligand-receptor interactions, calcium signaling pathways, serotonergic synapses, taste transduction, amino acid metabolism, saliva secretion, etc. Animal experiment results showed that the food intake, mental state, and coat gloss of mice in the low-dose and high-dose groups were better than those in the positive and negative groups. The 28-day body mass growth rate of high-dose groups is higher significant than others, respectively; the tumor suppression rates of the low-dose, high-dose, and positive groups were 8.73%, 19.54%, and 47.89%, respectively.The thymus index of low-dose and high-dose groups is lower than positive group but higher than negative groups significant;the spleen index of high-dose group is lower than positive group significant.This study suggests that Fuzheng Tiaoli Decoction may mediate neural activity ligand-receptor interactions, calcium signaling pathways, serotonergic synapses, taste transduction, amino acid metabolism, salivary secretion, and other signaling pathways by affecting the expression of key target genes and improves anxiety, depression, and other negative mental states. Furthermore, it improves sleep quality, reduces fatigue, improves appetite and nutritional status, enhances immune function, improves the state of splenomegaly and thymus atrophy, enhances the immune function and inhibits tumor progression in tumor-bearing mice. The multi-target characteristics and integral action of Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds provide novel ideas for further research on the molecular mechanism of Fuzheng Tiaoli Decoction.

In this study,the effects of different Sn contents on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-2.5Al-xSn(x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) (ZAT52x) alloys were investigated. Curves of the mass fraction of liquid versus temperature during solidification of Mg-5Zn-2.5Al-xSn (x=0, 2, 4) (ZAT52x) were calculated using the Thermo-Calc software. It is found that α-Mg, Mg₂Sn (not precipitated when x=0), φ-Mg₂₁(Zn,Al)₁₇, τ-Mg₃₂(Zn,Al)₄₉, and MgZn precipitate in sequence during the solidification of ZAT52x magnesium alloy. As the Sn addition increases, the melting point of the ZAT52x alloy decreases and the amount of the second phases increases, and the tensile strength and elongation of the as-cast ZAT52x increased at first and then decreased. The as-cast ZAT522 alloy exhibits the best mechanical properties with tensile strength of 245.9 MPa and elongation of 14.4%. After extrusion, the ZAT522 alloy exhibits the highest tensile strength (376.2 MPa) and elongation (20.8%), while the ZAT524 alloy shows a more balanced mechanical property with tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 363.7 MPa, 260.4 MPa, and 17.9%, respectively.

To determine the degradation pattern of pore structures during concrete damage under different sulfate mass fraction, the freeze-thaw cycle test of concrete under different sulfate mass fraction is performed herein. Using nuclear magnetic resonance technology, the change in porosity during concrete damage is analyzed, in addition to the mass loss and relative dynamic elastic modulus change. The results show that the first peak of T₂ spectrum changes significantly under different sulfate mass fraction. In the same period of the freeze-thaw cycle, the change range of the T₂ spectrum first peak increases with increase in the sulfate mass fraction. An exponential relation exists between the first peak area of T₂ spectrum and the number of freeze-thaw cycles in the salt-freezing environment, and a linear relation exists in the water-freezing environment. There is a linear relation between the development of microporosity and the number of freeze-thaw cycles. There is a significant linear relationship between the porosity and the number of freeze-thaw cycles and sulfate mass fraction. The mass loss and the relative dynamic elastic modulus loss in the salt-freezing environment increase with increase in the sulfate mass fraction.

In this study, an automated guided vehicle (AGV)-based logistics sorting system is designed in a discrete grid environment. Based on a centralized control strategy of the central controller, the dynamic path planning of AGVs is performed using the Label Correcting algorithm. Moreover, the no-lingering strategy is used at intersections to control the traffic of AGVs in the system. Simulation results show that the proposed sorting system can be applied to large-scale logistics sorting. The update interval of paths has a considerable impact on the performance of the sorting system and the efficiency of the simulation. A shorter update interval signifies improved performance of the system,and the longer simulation runs. However, real-time requirements cannot be ensured in practical applications. Hence, the performance of the sorting system and efficiency of the simulation must be comprehensively considered when determining the update interval of paths in practical applications.

Urban rail transit transfer station failure can lead to network degradation and make the urban rail transit system performance vulnerable. Network vulnerability analysis under transfer station failure is of significance to guarantee operational safety. Considering the coupling relation between urban rail transit networks and external public transport networks, generalized passenger travel cost under transfer station failure is analyzed and passenger travel choice behavior is modelled. From the perspective of the operation service network degradation, the measurement indicator of network vulnerability is developed to quantify the influence of the failure. The urban rail transit topology structure network is modelled, and a vulnerability analysis framework of urban rail transit network is established. A case study on Shenzhen urban rail transit network is conducted; the results show that the vulnerability performance and passenger flow differ for different transfer station failures. Network vulnerability analysis can help managers identify the key transfer stations and devise pertinent emergency strategies.

To optimize the structure of passenger transportation networks in an urban agglomeration, a multi-modal traffic flow assignment model under combined mode is proposed to study the flow distribution of multi-modal passenger transport networks in the urban agglomeration when the network achieves equilibrium. Based on the analysis of the entire travel process in an urban agglomeration, the super network theory is used to construct a super network model of multi-modal transportation in the urban agglomeration, and the links of the super network are divided into four types—boarding links, travel links, transfer links, and alighting links—among which travel links include travel links on urban transportation networks and travel links on intercity transportation networks. Considering the various factors that affect the choice of passenger travel mode, the generalized cost function of different links and hyperpaths are defined. Based on this, the stochastic equilibrium assignment model of a multi-modal transportation system in an urban agglomeration is proposed and the corresponding solution algorithm is designed based on the method of successive average algorithm as well as the search algorithm of the effective hyperpath. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate and verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.

With the development of intelligent and unmanned heavy-duty multi-axle vehicles, it is necessary to conduct research on vehicle lateral dynamics. By establishing a linear two-degree-of-freedom model of a multi-axle vehicle, the steady-state and transient analyses of the steering characteristics of a six-axle vehicle are performed. Simulation results qualitatively show that the use of multi-axle steering technology can effectively improve the steering maneuverability of the vehicle and provide theoretical support for controller design in the future.

Research on the influence mechanism of the scale development of urban rail transit networks is conducive to the scientific planning and development of urban rail transit systems and policy formulation by relevant government authorities. This study qualitatively analyzes the influence of five types of subjective and objective multidimensional factors on the scale of the urban rail transit network, and a questionnaire survey is conducted to explore passenger satisfaction in terms of the urban rail transit service. Moreover, the SPSS software is used to analyze the correlation between the seven subjective and objective influencing metrics and the scale of urban rail transit network. Additionally, an influence model of the urban rail network scale is established based on the structural equation. Results show that the model structure and the relationship between the influencing variables are effective. Both subjective and objective influencing variables exert remarkable effects on the scale of the urban rail transit network, consistent with the correlation analysis results. The objective factors exert a stronger impact on the scale of the urban rail transit network than the subjective psychological factors. The tertiary industry output value and the average daily passenger volume exhibit the largest impact value of 0.495, and the passenger satisfaction degree shows the lowest impact value of 0.451. This research can provide theoretical support for the planning and decision-making of urban rail transit development and construction.

The concentrated liquid behind a landfill leachate membrane is a type of high-concentration organic wastewater generated during the leachate membrane treatment of landfills. It has a complex composition and is difficult to process via biodegradation. Because of its high chemical oxygen demand (COD), high ammonia nitrogen, high salt content, and other characteristics, the salt cannot crystallize and precipitate smoothly after reaching the saturated state, making it difficult to execute the follow-up mechanical vapor recompression process. To execute the follow-up treatment process smoothly, ferric chloride, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, polyaluminum chloride, and polyaluminum ferric chloride were used as coagulants; polyacrylamide was used as a coagulant aid; and the removal rate of COD was used as an evaluation parameter to coagulate the post-membrane concentrated liquid of a waste treatment plant in Jinan, and the optimal operating conditions were obtained. Results show that ferric chloride is the best coagulant. When FeCl₃ dosage was 0.64 g/L, polyacrylamide dosage was 4 mg/L, and pH was 6, the removal rate of COD was the highest (80.6%).

High-concentration brine exists in the northern part of the Bailang River catchment aquifer.In recent years,the brine has flowed southward and potentially impacts the water supply in the southern plain area.Correct understanding of its hydrochemical characteristics and the evolution of Bailang River catchment is important for the reasonable management of groundwater resources and safety of water supply.Based on the previous research results,through groundwater sampling and a variety of hydrochemical analysis,including Piper Diagram,Gibbs Diagram,and inorganic ion tracer,groundwater hydrochemistry characteristics and its controlling factors in both freshwater area and brine area were studied.The total dissolved solids of groundwater in freshwater area and brine area are 1 098.1 and 115 669.3 mg/L,respectively,which indicates that the formation of groundwater chemical composition in the two areas is controlled by different factors.The chemical composition of groundwater in freshwater area is mainly decided by the water-rock interaction.The salt in the brine area comes from three seawater intrudings,but the groundwater in brine area is no longer the original seawater; it has been replaced by new water from precipitation in the southern mountain area under the driving force of the natural hydraulic gradient.The distribution of hydrochemical field is the result of water-salt interaction during the groundwater recharge,runoff,and discharge processes.The main minerals dissolved in the water-salt interaction process are NaCl,MgCl₂,Na₂SO₄,and MgSO₄.

The rise of digital economy is attributed to the rapid development of a new generation of information technology, represented by the Internet of Things technology. However, the huge number of sensors, limited resources, and lack of robust security mechanism results in great challenges for the traditional centralized access control system. To deal with these challenges, a novel-capability-based access control model, which uses the advantages of the capability-based access control decision-making mechanism and introduces a role set and an attribute set based on smart contract. This model is built to provide a decentralized, flexible, highly scalable, and high-granularity access control system. Furthermore, a token mechanism is adopted in the access control model to enhance the system's capability. Finally, simulation experiment results verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the system.

This work studies an innovative technology for producing watermelon wine. Using watermelon as the main raw material, this wine was produced through mixed fermentation of multiple strains. A suitable fermentation process for watermelon wine was developed, and key operation steps were explained. The optimum proportion of inoculation amount of three strains was determined using single factor and orthogonal optimization tests (inoculation amounts: 250 mg/L of Zymaflore X5, 200 mg/L of Lalvin DV10, and inoculation amount 30 mg/L of Lactoenos SB3). Under the optimum strain ratio, the alcohol level in the watermelon wine produced herein was (8.77±0.15)%, total acidic concentration was(1.7±0.10) g/L, and amount of residual sugar was (3.97±0.15) g/L. The otal score of the produced watermelon wine's sensory evaluation was 92. The wine is orangish red, clear, and bright, having a unique aroma of fermentation and fruit, which is harmonious and smooth to the taste. This watermelon wine produced using the proposed technology has a broad market prospect as a health drink owing to its special features.

The extraction of cage aquacultural areas was investigated using high-resolution GF-1 and GF-2 remote sensing images from northern Fujian Province. Image enhancement was performed by correction, fusion, and cropping. The sample database of inland cage culture areas of two kinds of images was constructed; The sample bank is used to train the in-depth learning fully convolutional networks (FCN) model extracted from inland cage culture area and verify the accuracy. The results of the test experiment show that the F-measure of GF-1 and GF-2 reaches 83.37% and 92.56%,respectively. It shows that the inland cage culture area extraction based on FCN has high accuracy, and can be used for large-scale inland cage acquaculture area extraction, which provides an important basis for the monitoring of inland aquaculture area.

U6 promoter is an important element that drives sgRNA transcription in the construction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In this study, three types of U6 promoters were cloned from Huajin 6 Lonicera japonica using polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and five promoters of different lengths were constructed to drive the GUS expression vector. CaMV35S was used in a positive control experiment, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used in a negative control experiment. Tobacco protoplasts were transfected through the transient transformation method using A. tumefaciens. After GUS staining, the quantity and efficiency of protoplasts were observed under a microscope. The staining results revealed that the highly efficient transcription promoter Chr01 U6-F1 was screened successfully, which laid a foundation for the gene editing of Lonicera japonica in the later stage.

To develop a national certified reference material (CRM) of Ginkgolide C according to the technical requirements of Directives for the work of reference materials - Reference materials - General and statistical principles for certification, Ginkgolide C was purified and obtained using silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography technology, and preparative liquid chromatography from dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. The structure was confirmed by UV, IR, HR-MS, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR. The identification of thin-layer chromatography was performed, and the LC-MS technique was established. Homogeneity test, stability test, and certification analysis were conducted. Results show that the samples were stable under the storage condition of 0~4 ℃ for 2 years; the certification analysis result confirms that its purity is (99.85±0.06)%. The developed Ginkgolide C meets the technical requirements of national certified reference material per GB/T 15000.3—2008, which can be used for content determination, quality control, and detection method evaluation of Ginkgolide C and related products.

This study aimed to prepare JQ1/paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded poly(lactic-co-gly-colic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and evaluate their effect on the expression of PD-L1 on melanoma cells. The JQ1/PTX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the emulsion solvent evaporation method, and their physicochemical properties, such as particle size and morphology were determined. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the JQ1/PTX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were investigated in rats after administering the rats with a tail vein injection of the nanoparticles. The effect of the nanoparticles on the expression of PD-L1 on B16 melanoma cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. The results showed that the mean particle size of the prepared nanoparticles was about 210 nm and that they appeared smooth and spherical in shape. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of PTX and JQ1 determined using a two-compartment model after administering a single intravenous injection of the nanoparticles to the rats were as follows: the half-life of the distribution phase was 0.142 8 h and 0.169 9 h; half-life of the elimination phase was 5.27 and 2.37 h; area under the curve was 8.155 and 3.793(μg·h)/mL; clearance was 122.612 and 131.795 mL/(h·kg); and apparent volume of distribution was 766.07 and 396.25 mL/kg, respectively. Flow cytometry showed that the nanoparticles could reduce the expression of PD-L1 on B16 melanoma cells. Thus, the prepared PLGA nanoparticles can be used as carriers for the co-delivery of PTX and JQ1, which is expected to improve the effect of immunotherapy on tumors.

Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to study the molecular mechanism of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma's action against rheumatoid arthritis. The main active ingredients and related targets of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). The GeneCards database was used to predict rheumatoid arthritis-related targets, and the Uniprot database was used to standardize protein names and obtain the intersection target of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and rheumatoid arthritis. The STRING platform was used to analyze protein-protein interactions, and the Metascape platform was used to perform gene ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct the active ingredient-target-signaling pathway interaction network. In addition, the AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 software was used for molecular docking of key targets and components. On screening, 7 core active ingredients of Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and 100 intersection targets for Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and rheumatoid arthritis, e.g., AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, TNF, TP53, JUN, CASP3, and PTGS2 were obtained. GO and KEGG analyses derived 1064 and 102 signaling pathways, respectively; of which, the signaling pathways related to rheumatoid arthritis included AGE-RAGE, MAPK, TNF, IL-17, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that the key targets and components had a good binding activity. Therefore, our results suggest that Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma may play a role in preventing rheumatoid arthritis by the regulation of multiple targets and pathways, such as metabolism, signal transduction, and inflammatory pathways.

A systematic pharmacology approach was used to detect the potential targets of Banxia Houpu Decoction, and a molecular docking software was used to virtually screen and score the compounds in the decoction. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to study the composition and ingredients of Banxia Houpu Decoction obtained by different extraction methods. A total of four targets were screened based on the integrated pharmacology of pharmacodynamic components. The substances with a high activity as per the virtual screening score were mainly flavonoids. High-resolution mass spectrometry data showed that the extracts mainly contain flavonoids and triterpenoids. The main action of Banxia Houpu Decoction on inflammation-related and psychoneural-related targets is consistent with its clinical application. The main active ingredients responsible for the drug's effect may be a combination of flavonoids and triterpenoids.

Humidity is a significant environmental parameter in storage, civil explosives business, and other fields. The performance of humidity-sensitive materials directly determines the quality of sensors. Polyimide and polyvinyl alcohol, the most commonly used humidity-sensing materials in optical fiber humidity sensors, were selected as the research objects. The humidity sensors were fabricated by coating two different humidity-sensitive materials on the surface of the fiber Bragg grating and their sensitivity, response time, and long-term stability were tested and compared. Results show that the linearity of the humidity sensor coated with polyimide is 99.98%, the sensitivity is 5.4 pm/%, the response time is 9.7 min, and the maximum wavelength shift is 5.6 pm. The humidity sensor coated with polyvinyl alcohol has a higher sensitivity in the range of relative humidity 60%~90%, which makes polyvinyl alcohol-based humidity sensors more suitable for humidity measurement in high-humidity environments.

The poor mechanical properties of hydrogel electrolytes and the freezing of water at low temperatures affect their ionic conductivity, thereby hindering their application in energy storage devices and electronic conductors. In this study, a type of antifreezing organic hydrogel with high mechanical properties and conductivity is fabricated. The electrolyte was synthesized via free-radical polymerization by adding soy protein isolates and using acrylamide and methacrylic ethyl sulfobetaine as monomers in a mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide/H₂O in the presence of lithium chloride. The fabricated hydrogel electrolyte exhibits good ionic conductivity (maximum 37.5 mS/cm), good mechanical properties (maximum stress 69 kPa and maximum strain 762.5%), and high toughness and fatigue resistance. Furthermore, the fabricated electrolyte shows a good response under varying strain and temperature conditions with a wide sensing window and good stability. Additionally, supercapacitors based on this electrolyte show good electrochemical performance between 20 ℃ and -20 ℃. In other words, at 20 ℃, the capacitances of the supercapacitor are 62.1 and 30 F/g at current densities of 0.2 and 5 A/g respectively, while at -20 ℃, the capacitance can maintain 59% of the value obtained at 20 ℃. Moreover, the supercapacitor can maintain 92% of the capacitance after 10 000 cycles, showing good cyclic stability.

To improve the energy conversion efficiency of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs), the coil backplane of the EMAT is optimized. First, the influence of the coil backplane thickness on ultrasonic signals is evaluated via experimental research. Then, the carbonyl iron powder plate is selected as the coil backplane and its influence on the magnetic field of the sensor working area is analyzed via finite element simulation. Finally, the performance of EMATs before and after optimization is compared using experiments. Results show that the optimal thickness of the coil backplane is 1.5~2.0 mm. Moreover, the use of the carbonyl iron powder plate with the same size as the coil working area of the coil backplane can improve the transduction efficiency of EMATs. Compared with the sensors that use nonmagnetic materials as coil backplanes, the SNR of the optimized sensors doubled and the working lift-off distance increased 1 mm, respectively.

Group and retrograde behaviors are two common bicycle riding that generally induce some local self-organization phenomena and reduce traffic efficiency. Herein, an extended cellular aulomata model that considers group and retrograde behaviors is proposed to explore the impacts of the two behaviors on the movement mechanism and traffic characteristics of bicycle flow. Simulation experiments are performed to investigate the impacts of shoulder/following group behavior and retrograde behavior on bicycle flow. Simulation results show that a mixture of shoulder group behavior and retrograde behavior will reduce the traffic capacity, increase the travel time, and decrease the average riding speed. Alternatively, a mixture of following group behavior and retrograde behavior decrease only the average speed and cause a slight oscillation in bicycle flow. These aforementioned negative impacts are related to various factors: group size, group proportion, retrograde proportion, and average bicycle arrival rate. The findings of this study can facilitate improved bicycle flow management (particularly in the case of retrograde behavior).

In this work, focusing on self-driving vehicle safety testing in a complex environment, a mixed-reality-based self-driving vehicle testing method is proposed. This method maps the virtual scene in the simulation environment to the real test environment. Then, performance indexes such as intelligent perception and the behavioral decision of the self-driving test vehicle are rapidly estimated using a sensor and data fusion to establish a closed-loop test system. This system involves the mixed-reality test scene, control center, and test vehicle. Finally, based on the verification of a case study, the proposed method is found to meet the test requirements of self-driving vehicles in various scenarios.

With increasing maintenance tasks in electric multiple unit (EMU) depots, shunting operation plans are becoming increasingly complex. The automation of shunting plan preparation is crucial for enhancing the maintenance ability of EMU depots. This study aims to minimize the total maintenance time of EMU trains and construct an optimization model that considers the occupancy conflict of the operation tracks in EMU depots. A heuristic algorithm comprising the greedy algorithm combined with neighborhood search is proposed to solve the automation of shunting plan quickly. Finally, a computational study is designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Results show that for five cases with an EMU size of 15 each, the average Gap value is 0.87% and the optimal solution is directly obtained in three cases. In five cases with an EMU size of 20 each, the average value of the neighborhood search improvement is 1.35%.

Urban traffic travel demand is dynamic, and there is a strong correlation between the off-ramp of an urban expressway and its downstream adjacent intersection. When the capacity of the intersection is low and the distance between the off-ramp and adjacent intersection is not set reasonably, queues at the intersection can easily propagate to the upstream off-ramp and affect expressway traffic flow.In this paper, the coordinated signal control of the off-ramp and adjacent intersection of urban expressway is studied under different traffic demand, distances between off-ramp and adjacent intersection using parallel microscopic traffic simulation software Paramics. And the effects of both signal control and phase offsets of the off-ramp on traffic volumes and travel time are analyzed.Simulation results show that the coordinated signal control of the off-ramp and adjacent intersection can improve traffic volumes and reduce travel time.

By analyzing the statistical data of traffic accidents on expressways in Jinan, this paper explores the characteristics of traffic accidents on expressways in cities from the perspectives of time and space distribution, accident types, and causes. By extracting the vehicle type ratio data and traffic flow data within 5 minutes before an accident and analyzing the regular characteristics between them and traffic accidents, an accident risk safety evaluation table based on the color scale is constructed and the critical flow of accidents is calculated according to the probability and statistical model. Finally, the accident risk safety evaluation model of an expressway is constructed based on the above data analysis. Data fitting results show that the traffic flow operation safety risk of an expressway can be evaluated in real time according to the current traffic flow and vehicle type ratio, and forewarning regarding probable accidents can be provided by regulating the current traffic flow. Based on the patterns and characteristics of expressway traffic accidents, this paper proposes measures for accident prevention and safety management to prevent accidents and improve the safety level of expressway operation.

In this paper, the average quantum Fisher information was used to measure the entanglement characteristics of the system under the quadratic interaction. In addition, we considered the characteristics of the multi-body entanglement evolution of the system after adding the linear interaction term. The results showed that the multi-body entanglement of the spin system remains longer under the combined action of linear and nonlinear interactions. Moreover, we considered the entanglement process of the system under the influence of noise and found that the atomic system has a high degree of entanglement even in the presence of noise. This is extremely important for the application of quantum multi-body entanglement in quantum precision measurements and quantum communications.

Three disinfectants, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, 84 disinfectant, and bromogeramine, were used to disinfect different worktables at a biosafety laboratory, and samples were taken at similar locations before and after disinfection. The effects of the three disinfectants on the worktables of a biosafety laboratory were compared. The results showed that 3% hydrogen peroxide was able to disinfect Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The number of colonies after disinfection with vaporized hydrogen peroxide was lower than that after the use of 84 disinfectant and bromogeramine, and the difference was significant (F=3.868, P=0.033). The average bactericidal rate of vaporized hydrogen peroxide was higher than that of the other two disinfectants, and the difference was statistically significant (F=3.487, P=0.045). The sterilization efficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide is sufficient to replace 84 disinfectant and bromogeramine for use as disinfectants for worktables at biosafety laboratories.

The study's aim was to explore the main active ingredients, targets, and pathways of the combined medicine, Dipsaci Radix-Taxilli Herba, involved in the improvement of polycystic ovary syndrome via network pharmacology. The main active ingredients and potential targets of Dipsaci Radix-Taxilli Herba were obtained through the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) systems pharmacology database and analysis platform, and the TCM-ingredient-target network was constructed using the Cytoscape software. The disease targets of polycystic ovary syndrome were obtained through Disgenet and OMIM databases, and they were compared to obtain common drugs and disease targets with the help of online venn tools. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway and gene ontology(GO) enrichment analyses were performed for the intersecting targets using Metascape database. Furthermore, the ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed via the Cytoscape software, and the reliability of inter-target binding was verified using the molecular docking technique. Among the 174 screened targets of the combined medicine, 80 common targets intersected with polycystic ovary syndrome, which mainly included cancer, hepatitis C signaling, AGE-RAGE signaling in diabetic complications, and other signaling pathways. The medicine, Dipsaci Radix-Taxilli Herba, forms multitarget and multichannel regulatory network through quercetin, β-sitosterol, and other active substances; improves hormone metabolism; reduces inflammatory cytokine levels; and achieves the goal of systemic improvement in polycystic ovary syndrome.

To explore the potential mechanism of Mahuangjiazhu Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The main active ingredients of Mahuangjiazhu Decoction and their targets were searched and screened. The targets for rheumatoid arthritis disease were obtained by screening using the GeneCards, OMIM, and Drugbank databases. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct protein-protein interaction networks. Metascape database was used to conduct gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the target points of Mahuangjiazhu Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cytoscape was used to construct a drug components-targets-pathways network. Finally, AutoDock software was used to perform molecular docking of key components and targets. A total of 131 potential active ingredients of Mahuangjiazhu Decoction and 133 key targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were screened. The main ingredients included quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, etc. The core targets included IL-6, TNF, TP53, STAT3, etc. GO and KEGG analyses revealed 2 250 biological processes, 89 cell components, and 152 molecular functions. The enrichment pathways mainly involved the AGE-RAGE, IL-17, and TNF signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that phaseol and glycyrrhizin had good binding activity to key targets such as AKT1, PTGS2, MAPK1, and MAPK8. Thus, Mahuangjiazhu Decoction plays a role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel action mode, which provides important scientific information for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Herein, we are using polyamide 66 fiber to develop high performance and high quality denim fabric. Using viscose as the outer fiber, polyamide 66 or spandex as the core yarn to make 36.4 and 28.0 tex core-spun yarn as the weft yarn, pure cotton yarn of 36.4 and 28.0 tex as the warp yarn, a rapier loom is used to interweave to make the denim fabric. The strength, wear resistance, elastic recovery, crease recovery, and bending properties of denim fabrics woven from 6 kinds of fabrics waved by polyamide 66 core-spun yarns and spandex core-spun yarns were tested. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the elasticity of polyamide 66 core-spun denim is as good as that of spandex core-spun denim, while its strength and softness are better. Viscose/polyamide 66 (3.33 tex/10 F) core-spun fabric is stronger, more resilient, and softer than viscose/polyamide 66 (3.33 tex/34 F) fabric. Meanwhile, fabrics woven with 36.4 tex yarn have better strength, elasticity, and crease recovery, while fabrics woven with 28.0 tex yarn are softer.

In the passive improvement of heat transfer technology, the use of inserts in tubes is a very common and practical technique. Inserting a central inclined rod in a heat exchanger tube can realize multilongitudinal vortex flow, similar to the optimized flow field in the tube, and effectively improve the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger tube while retaining a small increase in flow resistance. In this study, a heat exchanger tube with an inserted central inclined rod is examined based on the numerical simulation method. The influence of the number, pitch, and diameter of inclined rods on the heat transfer performance and resistance characteristics is investigated. Results show that the heat transfer tube with the inserted central inclined rod achieves considerably better heat transfer performance than the smooth tube. The Nusselt number of the heat transfer tube with the inserted central inclined rod increases within a certain range with an increasing number of inclined rods, and the pressure drop increases with the number of inclined rods. When the number of inclined rods is three, the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the heat transfer tube with the inserted central inclined rod is better. The Nusselt number and pressure drop decrease with increasing pitch of the inclined rod. When the pitch of the inclined rod is 20 mm, the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the heat transfer tube with the inserted central inclined rod is better. The Nusselt number and pressure drop increase with the inclined rod diameter. When the inclined rod diameter is 2.0 mm, the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the heat exchange tube with the inserted central inclined rod is better.

In this study, two production modes of oil-collecting pipeline transportation and oil-pulling single-well oil storage tanks are modeled and dynamic simulations are performed. Moreover, the heating load-variation rules and optimal heating parameters of the two modes are further explored. The distributed energy system schemes of crude oil transportation in single-well oil-collecting pipelines and oil-pulling oil storage tanks are designed, which involve a water jacket heating furnace, electric heat tracing, a solar heat-collecting device, a solar heat storage device, and an air source heat pump. Thermodynamic calculations of five types of heat sources are performed, and the objective function and constraint conditions for the two types of distributed energy systems are established to optimize the systems. Results show the required electric heat-tracing proportion of different modes, seasons, and times to achieve the rational use of the heat source and minimize investment and operational costs. Furthermore, economic analysis of several distributed heat sources is performed.

To improve the throttling loss of an electric water feed pump during the deep peak shaving operation of northeast coal-fired units, and the utilization rate of electric energy and coal consumption, a 600 MW electric water feed pump unit in power plant is taken as an example, using a frequency conversion scheme, under different working conditions (100%, 92%, 83%, 67%, 60%, 53%, and 50% rated loads), to analyze the power and frequency conversion conditions of single and double water feed pumps and identify the relationship between the flow rate, load, electrical efficiency, and active power of the motor. The test results show that the lower the flow, the more greater will be the improvements in the electrical efficiency and active power of the motor, up to 30% and 33%, respectively, subsequent to frequency conversion. Frequency conversion transformation is suitable for this unit, reducing the plant power consumption rate by 0.45%~0.87%, the power saving rate is 21%~33%. The variable frequency drive has a significant energy-saving effect on the deep peak shaving operation of the unit, providing a certain degree of reference for the transformation of the same type of unit.