Table of Content

20 February 2023 Volume 36 Issue 1

  

Oceanographic Science, Technology and Equipment

Balance stance analysis of a single-point-mooring submerged buoy system for performing electromagnetic measurements

WANG Xin, WU Pingwei, HUANG Wei, DAI Jinhui

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  1-9.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.001

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Based on the actual marine hydrological data obtained from apredetermined sea area, a submerged buoy system is established herein for performing electromagnetic measurements using the lumped mass method. Further, the balance stance of the submerged buoy system and the tension distribution of the cable are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the design of the system has maintained a good linear correlation between the measurement nodes; the linear correlation coefficient is maintained above 0.995.The counterweight buffer cable can achieve good antiwave buffer effect. The analysis of field trial data at the sea shows that the submerged buoy system with a static buoyancy of 600 N, a buffer cable length of 150 m, and a counterweight of 40 m and 1 N/m can form a U shaped buffer belt with a buffer depth of 21 m when the surface current velocity is 0.5 m/s, which is consistent with the results of simulation analysis.

Design and development of seabed cold spring gas leakage simulation observation system

LI Chenhao, HUA Zhili, HE Rui, LIAN Junshuai, HAO Zongrui

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  10-17.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.002

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As the acoustic detection of seabed cold springs requires accurate information of bubble characteristics, this paper develops a simulated observation system for the gas leakage of seabed cold springs with high control accuracy and full functions based on the bubble distribution characteristics of real seabed cold springs.The gas flow is precisely controlled viathe fuzzy PID control algorithm. Compared with the conventional control method, the flow error rate can be reduced by up to 1.5% and the cold spring bubbles in the real environment can be simulated accurately and controllably. The dual cameras are driven viaan Ethernet synchronous trigger, and thesynchronized shooting reduces the shooting synchronization error range by 1.1 ms.The system accurately realizes the orthogonal synchronous observation of the bubble shape in the initial overflow stage and provides data support for the detection of seabed cold springs.

Experimental study on performance of breakwater integrated with oscillating water column wave-energy converter

JI Junna

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  18-22.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.003

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To investigate the operating performance of breakwater integrated with an oscillating water column wave-energy converter, a model experimental study was performed in the wave flume. An air turbine and an electric generator were used for converting pneumatic power to electricity. Performances of the device under different incident wave conditions were examined. The results show that the wave period has a considerable effect on the performance of breakwater integrated with an oscillating water column and the device shows better performance under long wave period conditions. The device represents low energy conversion efficiency when the incident wave height is small.

Pharmacology and Toxicology

Analysis of the mechanism of Yinzhihuang Granules in liver fibrosis treatment based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

SHEN Fengxia, FAN Jianwei, LI Qian, MA Yun, FENG Qun, GUAN Yongxia

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  23-33.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.004

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This study discussed the mechanism of action of Yinzhihuang Granules in the treatment of liver fibrosis using network pharmacology and molecular docking and aimed to provide further information regarding its basic research and clinical application.The active ingredients of Yinzhihuang Granules were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology databases and analysis platforms. The targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction. By searching through the GeneCards database, liver fibrosis-related targets were screened out. Venn diagrams,Gene Ontology(GO) function, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using DAVID. Ingredient-target and target-pathway networks were mapped using Cytoscape3.9.0. Protein-Protein interaction networks were built with the help of STRING and Cytoscape3.9.0. AutoDock Tools were used to perform molecular docking between the key active ingredients and core targets to verify the results of the network pharmacology analysis.Through oral bioavailability and drug-likeness parameters, 43 active ingredients and 111 liver fibrosis-related targets were screened from Yinzhihuang Granules; 346 biological process, 32 cellular composition, and 76 molecular function entries were filtered out from the GO functional enrichment analysis; 96 (P<0.05) signaling pathways, which mainly involved the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, TNF signaling pathway, etc, were screened form the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis; and molecular docking showed that β-sitosterol, luteolin, and kaempferol present in Yinzhihuang Granules have good affinity with the 6 core target proteins: STAT3, AKT1, IL-6, TNF, EGFR, and SRC.The results revealed that YinzhihuangGranules act on multiple targets, participate in the regulation of multiple pathways, and play a role in the treatment of liver fibrosis via activating anti-inflammatory pathways, inhibiting oxidative stress response, and inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells. This study provides evidence for the further validation of the targets and pathways of Yinzhihuang Granules that are involved in the treatment of liver fibrosis.

Mechanisms of Zhinao Capsules in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

YU Guofang, TIAN Liwei, ZHAO Chenling, WU Mengting, YANG Wenming, DONG Ting

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  34-40.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.005

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To explore the intervention mechanism of Alzheimer's disease improvement with the help of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. TCMSP, TCMID, and other databases were used to search for chemical components and their targets. GeneCard and other databases were utilized to obtain the targets of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, Venny2.1 website was used to screen the intersection targets of drugs and diseases.STRING platform and Cytoscape software were used to performtopology analysis forobtaining the core targets of Alzheimer's disease treated using Zhinao Capsules. Moreover, Metaspace database was exploited to perform Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis of potential core targets. The binding ability of the active compounds to the core targets was verified with molecular docking using AutoDock software. The results showed that a total of 44 active ingredients and 292 active targets were identified in the capsule. There were 58 common targets between Zhinao Capsules and Alzheimer's disease. The protein-protein interaction yielded several key targets, including AKT1, IL-6, and TNF. GO and KEGG analyses yielded a total of 1 419 and 175 metabolic pathways, respectively, which mainly includedlipid and atherosclerosis and TNF signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that the key ingredients and targets had good binding ability. These findings suggest that Zhinao Capsules may reduce the inflammatory response and improve memory function vialipid and atherosclerosis and TNF signaling pathways.

Exploring the mechanism of Mori Cortex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology

LI Yan, LI Ziwen, LI Limin, WANG Mengxia, ZHANG Peng, WU Zhengzhi

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  41-50.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.006

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To explore the potential mechanism of Mori Cortex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The active ingredients and predicted targets of Mori Cortex were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. T2DM targets were retrieved from the DrugBank, GeneCards, and TTD databases.Then, the components-target network diagram of Mori Cortex and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of intersection targets were constructed. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. Finally, active ingredients and key targets were selected, and AutoDock software was used for molecular docking.The 25 active ingredients and 126 intersection targets of Mori Cortex and disease were predicted. The PPI network revealed that AKT1, IL-6, TNF, VEGFA, TP53, and CASP3 may be the key targets of Mori Cortex in the treatment of T2DM.The GO enrichment analysis included biological processes such as the cytokine signal transduction pathway, response to lipids, and the apoptosis signal pathway.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included the AGE-RAGE, IL-17, TNF, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. The results of molecular bonding showed that quercetin, kahenol, β-sitosterol, iristectorigeni B, and glabrone had good binding activities with AKT1, IL-6, VEGFA, and CASP3.The binding energy of quercetin with AKT1 was the lowest and that of glabrone with IL-6, VEGFA and CASP3 was the lowest.This study preliminarily explored the active ingredients, potential targets, biological processes, and signaling pathways of Mori Cortex in the treatment of T2DM, providing a scientific basis for its clinical application.

Microbiology of Agriculture

Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 labeled with red fluorescent protein and its functional stability

LIU Minmin, WU Yuanzheng, HU Jindong, LI Jishun, WANG Yan, YANG Hetong

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  51-57.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.007

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This study aims to label the biocontrol agent Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 with the red fluorescent protein DsRed and investigate the functional stability of the labeled strain. The recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-DsRed containing the DsRed gene was transformed into B418 by the aminoclay-mediated transformation system. Germicul ture, subculture, and dual-culture techniques were used to determine the functional stability of the labeled strain B418-Ds Red.The growth curve and morphological characteristics of the strain B418-DsRed after aminoclay transformation were essentially the same as the wild strain B418. After ten generations of subculturing, bright red fluorescence could still be observed under a confocal microscope and the DsRed gene could be detected by polymerase chain reaction, after plasmid extraction from the strain B418-DsRed, which showed its good genetic stability. Dual-culture confrontation assay revealed that the inhibition rates of the strain B418-DsRed against Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae were 55.25% and 67.55%, respectively, with no significant difference when compared to the wild strain B418. It was indicated that the introduction of a foreign plasmid showed no impact on their antifungal activity. Results demonstrated that the red fluorescent protein labeling of the strain B418 was successfully achieved by an aminoclay-mediated transformation system and the labeled strain B418-DsRed with stable function could be used in the future for the colonization of the strain B418 and interaction with pathogens in the plant rhizosphere.

Composition and diversity of fungal communities of four vegetable soils

HU Jindong, LI Hongmei, WU Yuanzheng, WEI Yanli, LI Jishun

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  58-65.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.008

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The diversity of fungal communities is an important evaluation indicator for the environmental quality and health of cultivated soil. In this study, four vegetable (onion,ginger,strawberry,cucumber) soils were investigated to analyze the physical and chemical properties as well as the composition and diversity of fungal communities via Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that the fungal abundance inonion soil was the lowest and significantly different from that in the other three crops (strawberry,cucumber,ginger;P< 0.05).The Shannon index and OTUs of the onion and ginger soil were high, indicating higher fungal diversity,whereas the Shannon index and OTUs of cucumber and strawberry were low, indicating lower diversity. The relative abundances of Ascomycota,Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were higher, with the relative abundance of Ascomycota being especially high in diseased soil. Soil fungal communities were affected by environmental factors, with pH and available phosphorus having the greatest influence.These results provided a theoretical basis for clarifying the relationship between the diversity of fungal communities and the quality of vegetable soil,which helped in improving the ecological quality of vegetable soil.

New Materials

Effect of solid-solution treatment on microstructure and properties of extruded Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti alloy

WEI Jia, JIN Xiaopeng, XU Xiaojing

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  66-73.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.009

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The effects of four solid-solution treatments on the microstructure and properties of Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti alloy were studied herein by metallographic structure analysis,SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis、X-Ray Diffraction,hardness,conductivity,room temperature tensile properties, elongation after fracture and intergranular corrosion resistance. The results show that the grain size increases and with an increase in the solution temperature. The size and quantity of insoluble phase in the alloy decrease with increasing solution temperature when the temperature is less than 520 ℃. When the solid treatment is 510 ℃ for 2 h and then at 520 ℃ for 2 h, the insoluble phase in the alloy begins to increase, and the alloy appears slight overburning, the elongation after fracture and intergranular corrosion resistance become worse, but the tensile strength reaches the highest as 490.14 MPa. The dislocation strength and dislocation contribution decrease with an increase in the solution temperature. The strength effect in the alloy is mainly attributed to the solution strengthening and aging precipitation strengthening.Two different solid-solution treatments (route a:490 ℃ for 2 h and then at 500 ℃ for 2 h; route b: 500 ℃ for 2 h and then at 510 ℃ for 2 h) both can guarantee the mechanical properties(strength and elongation) and intergranular corrosion resistance of the alloy under T6 aging are good; therefore,both of the solid-solution treatments are suitable for preparing Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti alloy.

Fabrication of Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S heterostructures for piezo-photoelectric degradation of organic dye

YANG Mengchun, WANG Yanhu, WANG Xiao

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  74-83.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.010

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Owing to the low visible-light utilization of traditional photocatalysts and the serious problem of photogenerated electron-hole recombination at the bulk/interface, two-dimensional Bi₂WO₆ nanosheets were prepared herein using the hydrothermal method. Based on the principle of energy-level matching, Cu₂S was grown on the surface of the two-dimensional Bi₂WO₆ nanosheets using the hydrothermal method to construct Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S heterojunctions for improved light absorption. Based on the excellent piezoelectric properties of the nanosheets and the excellent optical absorption and carrier transport properties of the Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S heterojunctions, a piezo-photoelectric synergistic catalytic system was constructed and the optimal degradation experimental conditions were explored. The Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S material was successfully applied for the degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB) in water. The results showed that under the synergistic photoelectric-piezoelectric effect, the degradation rate of RhB by the designed Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S reached 87% in 40 min. This study provides a new way for designing unique heterojunction structures via the synergistic action of photocatalysis and piezoelectric catalysis.

Optical Fiber and Photonic Sensing Technology

Thermal pipeline-leakage locating system based on distributed optical-fiber temperature-measurement

LI Shuo, HOU Moyu, ZHAO Xiaofen, WANG Jiamin, YU Zikun, WANG Jiqiang

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  84-89.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.011

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Aiming to resolve the deficiencies of low accuracy and poor anti-interference ability of traditional thermal pipeline-leakage detection methods,an distributed optical-fiber temperature-measurement system combined with the pipeline-leakage model is adopted herein to measure the temperature field along the thermal pipeline.When the leakage occurs, hot water or steam in the pipeline will flow out and change the temperature field around the leakage point, and the system can rapidly catch the temperature change and locate the leakage. The experimental results show that the temperature accuracy,which is the error between the measuring temperature value and the true value, is within ±1 ℃ and the spatial resolution is no more than 2 m.The system has been successfully applied to the thermal pipeline of the Jining Canal Power Plant, accurately measured the temperature variation along a 15 km thermal pipeline and precisely alerted a leakage, indicating that the distributed optical-fiber temperature-measurement system has a broad application prospect in the field of thermal pipeline-leakage monitoring.

Traffic and Transportation

Research on factors influencing airport Category II/III operation benefit based on improved group analytic hierarchy process

LIU Yang, YANG Deyong, HE Xin, SUN Qiang

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  90-98.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.012

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In order to study the influencing factors of Category II/III operational efficiency of transportation airports, an index system regarding the factors influencing the Category II/III operation efficiency is established refering to the relevant regulations as well as airport surveys, and the group Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted to optimize it by improving the scoring method and k-means clustering algorithm. The comparison of the index weight results obtained using the methods before and after the improvement show that the weight obtained via the improved group AHP is considerably different, which is suitable for extracting key influencing factors. Finally, the key influencing factors, such as site transformation and lighting system upgrading, are analyzed and relevant suggestions are proposed for the benefit of Category II/III operation and construction in China.

Single station traffic restriction strategy of rail transitstation based on receding horizon control

ZHAO Qingliang, FENG Xiaobin, WU Feng, WANG Yiduo

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  99-106.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.013

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Aiming to resolve the problem of platform congestion in some high-load node stations, this paper establishes a mathematical model to optimize the average waiting time of passengers and formulates the corresponding traffic-limiting strategies. The model takes the minimum waiting time of passengers as the optimization objective and the number of restricted passengers per unit time at the entrance of the station as the decision variable. According to the behavior characteristics of passengers at different positions in the station, three constraint conditions related to traffic restrictions are formulated:platform capacity constraint, train capacity constraint, and traffic restriction area constraint. At the same time, this paper designs an algorithm based on receding horizon control to perform simulation.The results show that compared with the general strategy of traffic restriction, the algorithm exhibits clear advantages regarding the determination of the times of overruns and the number of passengers during overruns.The algorithm can effectively lower the times of overruns, reduce the number of passengers during overruns by 9% at the platform,and decrease the total passenger travel delay time by 11% without compromising the safety at the platform. This study can provide an effective reference for rail transportation traffic restriction.

Conditions applicable for ten-lane expressway lane management based on passenger and freight separation

XIONG Wenlei, ZHUANG Jiafeng, MA Tianyi

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  107-114.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.014

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Aiming to resolve the complex traffic environment of a ten-lane expressway, considering the factors of traffic volume and proportion of trucks, a comprehensive test design method is adopted herein. Further, the VISSIM traffic simulation software is used to perform simulation research using four lane-management schemes. Using average speed, traffic capacity, and the number of conflicts as the evaluation indexes, the principal component analysis method is used to construct the lane management-scheme evaluation method. Based on the lane management-scheme scores obtained under multiple combined traffic conditions, the conditions applicable for different lane-management schemes of the ten-lane expressway are proposed. The results show that for the ten-lane expressway,when the traffic volume is≤1 000 pcu/(h·lane), trucks should be prohibited from entering the far-left lane and when the traffic volume is >1 000 pcu/(h·lane) and the proportion of trucks is ≤30%, trucks should be prohibited from entering the three lanes on the left.Further,when the traffic volume is >1 000 pcu/(h·lane) and the proportion of trucks is >30%, trucks should be prohibited from entering the two lanes on the left.

Energy and Power

Predicting interannual variation of global solar radiation trends in Jinan City based on time series sparse coefficient model

JIA Xingbin, GONG Xiang

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  115-123.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.015

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In this paper, we have used the observed data of annual total solar radiation from 1961 to 2016 in Jinan, Shandong Province, and compared and analyzed the fitting results of time series models AR(5) and ARIMA((1,2,4),1,0) via model identification and statistical tests. As per the residual test results, the sparse coefficient model ARIMA((1,2,4),1,0) can be used to predict the total annual surface solar radiation. The prediction results show that the overall interannual variation of surface solar radiation in Jinan from 2017 to 2025 follows an increasing trend and the utilization of solar energy resources can be further explored. Compared to the results of the multiple linear regression model, the time series sparse coefficient model has less error and higher prediction accuracy.

Environment and Ecology

Research on measurement error variation of a weighing precipitation sensor

QIU Shi, YANG Maoshui, SUN Yan, REN Yan, WU Juxiu

Shandong Science. 2023, 36(1):  124-130.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.01.016

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This paper proposes a field calibration method via standard weights accumulation to study the variation trend of the measurement error of the weighing precipitation sensor in an automatic meteorological station. Herein, the field calibration data of sensors from 2019 to 2021 are analyzed. Further, a calculation method is presented for measuring the error deviation degree and its variation trend with respect to the weighing precipitation sensor. The variation model of sensor deviation is obtained on the basis of the historical calibration data. The results show that the measurement error range and observation data quality are controllable. The overall deviation degree of the sensor is 2.1% of the standard value and its increase is 0.1% per year. This study can provide reference for predicting measurement errors and durability of meteorological sensors.