To eliminate the influence of electrochemically active compounds on ethanol determination in fruit juices via biosensor, an ethanol-assisted enzyme electrode was prepared and a novel alcohol biological detection system was constructed using the synergy of working and auxiliary enzyme electrodes. The anti-interference property of the system was tested and the anti-interference coefficient was fitted. Thereafter, the calculation formula of ethanol concentration was deduced to achieve the rapid and accurate detection of ethanol concentration. The results showed that the anti-interference performance of the detection was stable with good stability, accurate results, and strong ability. When the method was applied to determine the ethanol concentration in fruit juices, the relativity standard division was 0.80% and the recoveries were 99.10% to 101.10%. Glucose, sucrose, citric acid, Ca²⁺, catalase, and vatamine C in the fruit juices had no effect on ethanol detection. T-test analysis showed that there was no significant difference between this method and the national standard and gas chromatography (P>0.05).The method is simple in operation,low in cost and high in accuracy,which can meet the production requirements of low cost.

Enzyme inhibitor interference problems are often encountered when amperometric enzyme electrode biosensors are used in industrial fields. Test results of enzyme electrode biosensing detection tend to be significantly lower if enzyme activity inhibitors are present in samples. According to the detection principle of amperometric enzyme electrode biosensors, a testing method was designed to counter the interference of inhibitors. After the calibration of the biosensor, a single sample was first tested and then the same sample was added with a known standard sample and tested for the second time. The two tests were performed under the same conditions of enzyme inhibitors. Through a comparison of the results of two tests, the inhibition coefficient was calculated according to the determined response of the added standard sample at the second test.Finally, the unknown sample was calculated based on the result of the first test and inhibition coefficient. This analysis method can effectively eliminate the influence of enzyme inhibitors on the analysis and expand the application range of biosensors in industrial fields.

The difference method associated with biosensor was used in this study by immobilizing glucose oxidase as well as composite enzyme consisting of galactosidase and glucose oxidase onto dual hydrogen peroxide electrodes. The levels of lactose and glucose in the sample could be simultaneously determined. The results showed that the biosensor method revealed a good linearity in the lactose range of 0.00~1.50 g/L and glucose range of 0.00~1.00 g/L,the stability of the biosensor was favourable, the relative standard deviation was 1.49%, and the adding standard recovery rate ranged from 95% to 105%,no significant difference (P>0.05) was noted in the measurement results between this method and HPLC. Therefore, the difference method associated with composite enzyme membrane biosensor proposed in this study can be used for the detection of lactose in milk.

In order to accurately and quickly grasp the changes of the main parameters in the fermentation process of lactic acid bacteria, the changes in the number of viable cells, tail gas components, glucose and lactic acid in the lactic acid fermentation process were measured by KRH-BI0300 type fermentation tank control system, cell density monitoring system, SHP8400PM process gas mass spectrometry analyzer, biological sensor analyzer and other fermentation process analysis methods. The results show that the parameters of lactic acid bacteria fermentation process can be quickly and accurately grasped by a variety of modern analytical methods. This study laid the foundation for optimal control and lactic acid bacteria industrialization fermentation process.

Different specific growth rates lead to different metabolic fluxes in Pichia pastoris, further resulting in different levels of enzyme production. In order to obtain optimum specific growth rate for the production of phytase by Pichia pastoris, the optimal fermentation conditions of recombinant Pichia pastoris producing phytase in 50 L fermentation tank were studied in this paper. The results showed that specific growth rate was adjusted to 0.02 h^-1 by controlling the flow of methanol, by the end of fermentation, the phytase activity got to be 17 445 U/mL, with 69.7 % higher than the control. It suggests that the specific growth rate is the most favorable for the production of phytase by fermentation.

To study the factors affecting phytase production by engineered Pichia pastoris, we explored the optimal fermentation conditions, such as methanolfedbatch concentration or induction time, with shake flask fermentation. The results demonstrated that a series of factors including residual glycerol, methanol concentration and induction time had significant effects on phytase production. Residual glycerol could delay the phytase secretion, 1.5% methanol had the best effect of induction with enzyme activity reaching about 1 100 U/mL in the second day, while low concentration of methanol could only slowly induce enzyme accumulation, and high concentration of methanol was harmful to engineered strain. This study lays a foundation for further optimization of high density fermentation conditions.

In order to increase the expression of phytase in Pichia pastoris, the fermentation conditions of phytaseproducing recombinant Pichia pastoris in 50 L fermentation tank were optimized. The results show that the strain wet weight at 300 g/L by feeding glucose, before addition of methanol, got the phytase activity 21 666 U/mL, 12.9% higher than the control by the end of fermentation, which is most favorable for the production of phytase by fermentation.

In order to control the biochemical parameters of the corn enzymatic steeping process, biosensor was used to timely detect the lactic acid, glucose and reducing sugar during corn soaking process, and  this method  was also compared with titration, iodimetry and fehling's  reagent. The results showed that there was little difference between the test results of biosensor and those of the traditional methods, but biosensor had many advantages, such as quick response, accurate result and low cost, and samples could be directly determined without complex pretreatment.

The redox reaction will occur when aflatoxin contacts with its oxidase, which can produce hydrogen peroxide and other products. In this research, the method of enzyme electrode biosensors was used to immobilize aflatoxin oxidase on cellulose acetate carrier membrane and  prepare electrochemical enzyme electrode. Aflatoxin oxidase electrode was installed on the SBA flow injection analysis instrument to detect the content of aflatoxin. The results showed that the toxin enzyme electrode had good response characteristics to aflatoxin, the precision (RSD) was up to 1.20% (n=10), the linear range was 0 ~100 μg/L (R2 =0.999 6), and the recovery rate was 96%~102.4%. Therefore, the enzyme electrode analysis method established in this study can be used for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in maize.

We developed a biosensors based online automatic sampling and analysis system in fermentation process for the requirements of automatic optimization control in fermentation process. We presented its analytical principle and structure components and detailed its automatic sampling, sample dilution and biosensor signal processing. It can automatically analyze such important biochemical parameters as glucose, lactic acid and glutamic acid, and send analytical results to fermentation controller through a 485 interface or a 4~20 mA analog interface. It can therefore provide biochemical analytical data for fermentation control. We further tested experiment prototype with glucose standard sample as fermentation broth. Results show that it has higher analytical accuracy and can satisfy the requirements of fermentation process analysis.

We screened out high temperature (50℃)resistant Thermophilic lactobacillus strain from corn steep liquor, and drew its growth curve and acid yield curve. We then employed Thermophilic lactobacillus fermentation broth with 10% inoculation size to study the impact of Thermophilic lactobacillus on corn steeping. Results show that Thermophilic lactobacillus fermentation broth can effectively increase water absorption and starch yield of corn. Duration time of corn moisture saturation is reduced from 20 h to 10 h, and starch yield is increased from 59.22% to 63.23%.

Glycerol is an important industrial raw material and has been broadly applied in national defense, chemical industry, paint, food, daily chemicals, pharmacy, pesticide, biological products, etc. It has an important effect on output control of fermented products, diesel quality control, cosmetics freshness and the availability of frozen blood. We survey the application advances of recent glycerol content detection methods such as malaprade oxidation, Cu²⁺ colorimetry, enzymatic catalysisspectrophotometric methods. We suppose future development trend of its detection method is combination of conventional detection technologies with new nanometer materials and new detection technology, further improvement of specificity and sensitivity of its detection, instrumentation, automation, miniaturization and rapidness of its content detection, and continuous, remote, realtime and online monitoring for its content with the aid of Internet and cloud technologies.

We changed the properties of buckwheat flour with lactic acid bacteria fermentation method. Results indicate that glutenin swelling index of fermented buckwheat flour increases by up to 83.8 %, and that its moistureholding capacity and solubility respectively increase by 1.7 and 1.4folds. Moreover, the contents of soluble glucose and reducing sugar in fermented buckwheat flour respectively increase by 46.0 % and 35.9 %, but the contents of starch and total sugar decrease to some extent. These varieties improve the ductility, transparency and absorbent of buckwheat flour. These significantly enhance its edible qualities of chewiness and elasticity.

We design an online automatic sampling device and its control process for fermentation samples, which can collect samples in multiple fermentation tanks in sequence and time division to automatically determine the biochemical parameters of multiple fermentation processes. The device can support direct cell free sampling using filtering membrane or osmotic membrane sampling probes, direct sampling with cells using straight tube, and indirect sampling using Utube witch could simulate manual sampling. We present sampling processes and their software flowcharts of various sampling methods. For direct sampling with cells using straight tube, we also devise multiple bacteria antipollution barriers and provide method of sampling tube chemical sterilization process at the determination interval to prevent external bacteria pollution through sampling tube during longperiod fermentation. Combined with biosensor analysis system, the device can conduct online automatic analysis for biochemical parameters in different fermentation processes.

We identified a filamentous fungus strain Fusarium sp. ZW21 that could ferment corn straw hydrolysate and produced ethanol. It was identified as Fusarium genus through 18S rDNA sequence analysis.We discovered it could produce ethanol with corn straw hydrolysate.We further investigated the impact of sugar concentration of corn straw hydrolysate, nitrogen sources, pH value, temperature, inoculum volume and surface active agents on ethanol production.Two factors of yeast extract and Tween 80 were selected to further optimize these influential factors by response surface methodology. Optimal medium were eventually acquired: 50 g/L straw hydrolysate, 10.19 g/L yeast extract,10 g/L KH2PO4, 0.5 g/L MgSO4·7H2O,0.423 g/L Tween 80, pH value of 6.0, 8% (V/V)inoculum volume, 32 ℃ incubation temperature, and 5 days fermentation time with limited oxygen.The highest ethanol yield was 22.1 g/L.

Marine underwater monitoring technology is an important component of threedimensional realtime marine environment monitoring system, and a global research focus in marine science and military circle. We surveyed the application of marine animals, the carrier of marine sensors, in oceanographic observation, and the development process of marine biological tags and marine monitoring sensors technologies. We also presented the prospect of marine animal based underwater mobile monitoring platforms and its potential application values in marine environment, marine resources and navy spheres. We eventually indicated that the key issues constructing domestic marine biological sensor technology systems are the development of new sensors and their application in marine animals.

We applied fermentation process to the control over total sugar, reducing sugar and citric acid measurement instruments. We further implement rapid measurement for such key biochemical parameters as total sugar, reducing sugar and citric acid content. This provides an analytic method of key biochemical parameters for optimization control of citric acid fermentation process.

We respectively immobilized pyranose oxidase (PROD) and glucose oxidase (GOD) on the membrane of cellulose acetate with glutaralde hydecros slinker and prepared amperometric electrochemical enzyme electrodes. We respectively detected different concentrations glucose, xylose and their combinations. We addressed the response characteristics of PROD electrode to glucose and xylose with GOD electrode as a control. Results show that PROD electrode has better response characteristics to both glucose and xylose.The reproducibility ( RSD) is 1.10%(n=10) for glucose and 0.80% (n=10）for xylose.Better linear relationship is 0.9990 in the scope of 10~1 000 mg/L for glucose, and 0.9998 in the scope of 10~1 600 mg/L for xylose. PROD electrode exhibits dominant doublesubstrate catalytic characteristics for the combination of glucose and xylose, whose response to glucose and xylose has linear relationship within a certain concentration range.

Microporous Prussian Blue/gold composite material was prepared with electrochemical deposition and hydrogen bubble as a template. We designeda highly sensitive electrochemical glucose sensor through immobilizing glucose oxidase on the surface of the composite material. We further employed typical currenttime response to investigate its electrocatalytic property to glucose. Results show that its response time is 7 s, and linear detection range is 0.05 to 3.75 mmol/L. The sensor also has better reproducibility and higher stability.

We addressed property changes of corn flour fermented through Rhizopus oryzae and Lactobacillus by microorganism fermentation. Results indicate that the contents of starch and total sugar decrease after fermentation, but the contents of soluble glucose and reducing sugar respectively increase 18.6 and 16.5 times, and 5 and 4 times. Moistureholding capacity and solubility of fermented corn flour respectively increase 45.7% and 63.0%, and 2.6 and 2.5 times.Swelling index of glutenin increases 80% and 90%.The method improves ductility, transparency and absorbent of corn flour, which can significantly increase the chewiness and elasticity of corn flour.

Research on biosensors involves extensive contents, multiple disciplines and their overlap. We review its status quo and characteristics with emphasis on immobilizedenzyme sensors. We also address the kind of bioactive components, immobilization strategy andits applications.We further present the main issues affecting practical application process of Chinese biosensorsenzyme variety scarcity, bad stability and less analytical performance of instruments.We then explore its development emphasis and directions from enzyme molecular elements, bioelectronics components, manufacture technology and market development of biosensors. We eventually present our suggestions for the emphasis on the standardization of new enzyme molecular elements and bioelectronics components and integration technology of analytical system.

We addressed the application of H2O2 concentration measurement and enzyme activity characterization in coimmobilized GODCAT resin. We initially detected H2O2 concentration in reaction solution with hydrogen peroxide electrode.H2O2was generated through coimmobilized GODCAT resin catalytic oxidizing glucose prepared in different GOD/CAT activity ratios. The optimal GOD/CAT activity ratio was then obtained. We further detected the change of glucose mass and concentration in the substrate of reaction liquid in catalytic oxidation with glucose oxidase electrode. This provided anactivity characterization method of coimmobilized GODCAT resin. We then investigated its enzymatic properties. Results show that its optimal generation conditions are GOD/CAT activity ratio of 1:1, temperature of 45 ℃ and pH of 6.0. Its heat, pH, operation and storage stabilitiesare all higher than those of free enzyme.

We designed a formaldehyde gas detection sensor based on the aldehyde oxidase principle. Its sensitive component was manufactured through such process as selfassembly, activation, and adsorption with gold electrode as substrate, and had better electrocatalysis and oxidation effect to formaldehyde. We further designed a formaldehyde gas detection biosensor with the electrode and a LPC1788 chip as its CPU. The biosensor was tested with formaldehyde gas of 0.1 mg/m3.Results demonstrate that the sensor has as rapid response time as 20 s, shorter recovery time and lower detection limit as 0.01 mg/m3 to formaldehyde gas.