Table of Content

20 August 2017 Volume 30 Issue 4

  

Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products

HPLC specific chromatogram of Shenbei Xiaoying Granules

ZHANG Lei，MA Hai-chun，SU Ming， LIU Shan-xin，WANG Jie, JIN Guang-qian

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  1-5.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.001

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The HPLC specific chromatogram of Shenbei Xiaoying Granules was established. Specific chromatogram was carried out on a ODS2 Hypersil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with gradient elution consisting of acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase B. Column temperature was 30 ℃, flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1，detection wavelength was 225 nm, and sample volume was 5 μL. The established HPLC specific chromatogram of Shenbei Xiaoying granules has good precision, repeatability and stability. The similarity of characteristic maps of 9 batches of Shenbei Xiaoying Granules was all greater than 0.95. Five common specific chromatogram peaks were determined, and two peaks were identified as paeoniflorin and rosemary acid．At the same time, the source of each

characteristic peak in HPLC specific chromatogram was determined by comparing and analyzing the HPLC specific chromatogram of single medicinal herb. This

method is accurate, reliable and specific, which can be used for the quality control of Shenbei Xiaoying Granules.

The volatile components analysis of Arctium lappa L. based on electronic nose and gas chromatographymass spectrometry

REN Han-shu, ZHENG Yuan-yuan, ZHAO Rui-xuan, WEI Xiang-yu, DONG Hong-jing, LIU Feng, DUAN Wen-juan, ZHENG Zhen-jia

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  6-12.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.002

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Arctium lappa L. has a specific flavor, the fresh one is easy to cause unpleasant symptoms, and steaming is an important way to deal with it in ancient books. FOX 4000electronic nose and gas chromatographymass spectrometry were used to analyze the volatile components in Arctium lappa L.before and after steaming.Based on the characteristic response point analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and qualitative difference analysis, Arctium lappa L. before and after steaming was distinguished. The results indicated that the fresh and steamed Arctium lappa L. could be successfully identified after being analyzed by FOX 4000electronic nose, and the index DI is 100%. Furthermore, 22 and 25 volatile components were detected from fresh and steamed Arctium lappa L., respectively, containing organic acid, ester, aldehyde, alkene, alcohol, ketone, phenol and alkane. Among the above compounds, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, hexanal,2-hydroxy-pentyl tetrahydrofuran, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-furanone and cyclohexene are the 8 common constituents of those two ingredients. The study provided an effective

method for the overall flavor evaluation and aroma components detection of food.

Preparation of reference substances of vitexin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin from Crataegi Folium extract

WEN Lei, LIN Yun-liang, GAO Hong-mei, LI Feng, JIANG Jiao-jiao, SONG Xiang-yun, FU Rui-ming, WANG Dai-jie

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  13-18.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.003

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Three low content flavonoids, such as vitexin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin from Crataegi Folium were rapidly separated and purified by highspeed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) combined with preHPLC. The total flavonoids from Crataegi Folium were firstly separated by HSCCC, with a solvent system of chloroform/methanol/water/ nbutanol (4∶3∶2∶1.5, V/V), flowrate of 5.0 mL/min, rotation speed of 850 r/min, detection wavelength of 254 nm. A mixed component was separated from crude flavonoids, containing vitexin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrin. Then, the mixture was separated by preHPLC and vitexin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrin were obtained, with the purity over 98%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. Experimental results show that it is an efficient method for separation of low content flavonoids with high purities from Crataegi Folium by HSCCC combined with pre-HPLC.

Study on extraction technology of volatile oil from flower of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and its antioxidant activity

CHEN Yan-wen, LI Yu-juan, HU Jing-hong, XI Xiao-zhi, LIU Qian, LI Jia, HAO Zhi

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  19-25.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.004

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Through single factor experiment and L9(34) orthogonal test, the extraction process of volatile oil from flower of S. miltiorrhiza. by steam distillation was optimized and the effects of different extraction solutions, soaking time, extracting time, and solidtoliquid ratio on the yield of the volatile oil from the flower of S. miltiorrhiza. were investigated. The antioxidant capacity of volatile oil from S. miltiorrhiza flower was evaluated by DPPH method, and the free radical scavenging capacities of volatile oils from different extraction solutions  were compared. The results showed that the primary factors affecting the yield of volatile oil from S. miltiorrhiza flower were distillation time, followed by solidliquid ratio and soaking time. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: saturated sodium chloride solution, soaking 6 hours, extracting 8 hours, solidtosolvent ratio 1∶18(g/mL). Under this condition, the extraction rate of volatile oil from flower of S. miltiorrhiza was 0.0935%. The DPPH assays showed that volatile oil from flower of S. miltiorrhiza has significant antioxidant capacity. In a certain concentration range, antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the concentration of volatile oil from flower of S. miltiorrhiza. In the DPPH assays, the IC50 values of volatile oil extracted by four kinds of extraction solution (distilled water, saturated sodium chloride solution, aqueous sulfuric acid of pH=1, saturated sodium chloride and aqueous sulfuric acid of pH=1) were 1.07, 1.03, 1.45 and 1.40 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed that the optimized extraction process of volatile oil from flower of S. miltiorrhiza was stable and practicable.

Agricultural Microbiology

Nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilizing activity and plant growth promotion of Agrobacterium

WEI Yan-li, Maarten RYDER,LI Ji-shun, LI Ling, YANG Yu-zhong, YANG He-tong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  26-30.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.005

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Through selective medium, the function of fixing nitrogen and dissolving phosphorus of 26 Agrobacterium strains were studied by both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Meanwhile, growthpromoting effect of Australian biocontrol strain K1026 on cucumber and wheat was measured by pot experiment. The results showed that all the strains regardless of pathogenicity or nonpathogenicity could grow normally on nitrogenfree medium. 19 of the 26 strains had the ability to dissolve phosphorus, the Phosphate released by K1026 in Pikovskaya broth medium was up to 109.11 μg/mL , having the strongest activities among all stains. The pot experiments showed that K1026 had obvious growthpromoting effect on the cucumber seedlings, and the root length and the dry weight of the root biomass was increased by 25.49%, 62.96%, respectively, compared with the control. However, K1026 had no obvious effect on the growthpromotion of wheat.

Optimization of fermentation medium composition for Bacillus atrophaeus BsR05 by response surface method

DAI Bao, HU Jin-dong, YIN Shan-shan, LI Ji-shun, WEI Yan-li

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  31-37.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.006

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To increase the spore production of Bacillus atrophaeus BsR05, a response surface method was applied to optimize the technological conditions of BsR05 fermentation medium. Corn flour, (NH4)2SO4 and MgSO4·7H2O were selected as the major factors affecting sporulation by means of PlackettBurman design. The method of steepest ascent path was adopted to determine the response center and the optimal concentration range of these 3 factors. Finally, the regression relationship between the main medium composition and the spore yield was established by BoxBehnken design. The optimal formula for the fermentation medium was determined as follow：glucose 5 g/L，corn flour 15.9 g/L, soybean meal 40 g/L, K2HPO4 3.0 g/L, KH2PO4 1.0 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 2.1 g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.40 g/L and MnSO4 0.020 g/L. After repeated experiments, it was verified that the average spore content was basically consistent with the predicted spore content, and the concentration of the spore was increased from 4.73×109 CFU/mL to 6.02×109 CFU/mL after the optimization.

New Materials

Study on welding technology of austenitic stainless steel composite plate by submerged arc welding

HOU Yang-bo

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  38-44.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.007

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The microhardness measurement, the ferrite content measurement and the metallographic microscopic observation of SAW (submerged arc welding) welding joint of  S30408 + Q245R composite board were carried out. Through these studies, the influence of welding line energy and the cooling rate on the microstructure of welding in the composite board base layer and the precipitation of the σ phase in the parent metal coating was discussed.Results showed that when using SAW welding in the base layer, the weld hardness was slightly lower than that of welding with SMAW (shielded metal arc welding) and the ferrite content in the base metal coating and that in the weld transition layer/coating were both slightly lower than those measured by SMAW in the base layer. The metallurgical structures of the weld layer of the two welding methods were basically the same. But the microstructure of weld coating/transition layer were different when using SMAW and GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding）. when using SAW in weld base layer, the weld microstructure has no obvious coarse grain characteristics, and neither parent metal coating nor the weld transition layer/coating would make the precipitation of σ phase happen.

A broad stopband frequencyselective surface design based on barium strontium titanate ceramics

SUN Hai-zhu1，2, ZHANG Jian-xin, SUN Yong-zhi, FAN Xin-min, HUANG Xiao-dong, LI Hou-rong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  45-49.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.008

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In this paper, a new kind of broad bandstop frequencyselective surface (FSS) based on the highpermittivity barium strontium titanate (BST) ceramic was proposed. The elementary particles of the proposed FSS were subwavelength, and it was arranged in a triangular lattice. By adjusting the resonant frequency of the unit, three resonant modes were coupled to form a stopband. The simulation results showed that when the electromagnetic wave was incident at 0 °, the stopband bandwidth of the FSS could reach 7.8 GHz. When the relative permittivity of barium strontium titanate ceramics was changed from 115 to 85, the bandstop bandwidth could be increased to 8.7 GHz. Therefore, this frequency selective surface based on the barium strontium titanate ceramic with good broadband characteristics has important military value in the field of electronic confrontation and stealth.

Research on preparation and mechanical properties of a kind of material similar to shale

WANG Yong-yan, GAN Xiao-nan, FAN Xi-yan, ZHU Si-wen, ZHANG Jin-long

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  50-57.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.009

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Based on the similarity theory of geomechanical model test and the selection principle of similar materials, a series of model specimens simulating shale were made from similar materials using sand as aggregate, paraffin as binder and gypsum as modifier. The similar materials meet the similarity principle, and have the advantages of convenience, low economic cost, simple production process, short molding time and large deformation, etc. A large number of uniaxial, triaxial tests were carried out on similar specimens of soft rock in five different ratios. It is proved that the similar material is feasible for simulating shale and it is concluded that the compressive strength, the tensile strength, the elastic modulus, the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the similar material decrease with the increase of the sand ratio, and the Poisson's ratio increases with the increase of the sand ratio, providing guidance for the further model test research.

Biomass Energy

Research progress of biomass gasification technology

GUAN Hai-bin, ZHANG Wei-jie, FAN Xiao-xu, ZHAO Bao-feng*, SUN Rong-feng,JIANG Jian-guo, DONG Hong-hai, XUE Xu-fang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  58-66.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.010

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As one of the important methods of clean and efficient exploitation of biomass, the biomass gasification technology has a broad development prospects. The domestic and abroad advances of biomass gasification technologies in recent years, such as gasifying agent gasification，pyrolysis gasification, catalytic gasification, plasma gasification, ultra supercritical water gasification, etc. were reviewed in the paper. Tar removal and purification, and the preparation of efficient catalysts are regarded as the two biggest obstacles to the biomass gasification, and the removal of tar by chemical method and the development of compound catalysts are suitable solutions to these problems. Finally, the largescale commercial utilization in certain industries is forecasted to be the main development trend of the biomass gasification.

Gasification experiment of straw briquette fuel in a compound fixed bed

ZHANG Wei-jie,GUAN Hai-bin, JIANG Jian-guo, SUN Rong-feng, FAN Xiao-xu,YANG Li-guo,LIU Zuo, HU An-quan

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  67-72.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.011

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Using compound fixed bed pilot plant, and by adjusting the primary air volume, the two air volume and the feed quantity to control the temperature and the reaction depth of each reaction zone, the experimental study on the gasification of corn straw briquette fuel was carried out. The experimental results showed that the compound fixed bed had good adaptability to the straw briquette fuel, the temperature distribution in the furnace was reasonable, the stability of the chemical reaction equilibrium was achieved, and the gasification efficiency was as high as 75.4%. At the same time, the second air flow rate had obvious influence on the combustion temperature, as well as on the calorific value of gas in the gas combustion zone. Through the high temperature field of the tar cracking zone, tar in gas could be cracked in the furnace more completely, and the gas had a higher calorific value.

Tranfic and Transportation

Research on optimization model of railway empty wagon distribution based on cost and timeliness

YAN Jian-wen, WEI Yu-guang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  73-79.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.012

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Given that the existing study on railway empty car allocation lacks reliability and most models use owner satisfaction, a new multiobjective optimization model involved in timeliness was presented in this paper. By analyzing railway empty wagon and based on the cost and timeliness, the reliability of this process was defined, and a multiobjective optimization model with the least cost and the largest benef distribution it was established. Furthermore, the reliability value of the whole process was calculated. Finally, a numerical example was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method with LINGO software. Compared with the existing research methods, results show that the method proposed in this paper is practical.

Analysis of pedestrian spatial distribution and pedestrianvehicle conflict behavior at signalized intersection

YU Rui-kang，ZHAO Hui

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  80-85.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.013

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Pedestrianvehicle conflict is an important factor affecting the traffic capacity of signalized intersections in urban roads. By selecting typical signalized intersections, the conflict behavior between pedestrian stacking and rightturning vehicles was analyzed in this paper. Traffic states of the intersection at Beijing Naoshikou street and Xuanwu gate west street were videotaped during peak hours. Based on the captured video recording, the spatial distribution characteristic data of the waiting pedestrians and rightturning vehicle were extracted. According to the data, the related factors that influence the right turn of motor vehicle were analyzed. And the relationship between the various factors and vehicle delay was explained by linear regression analysis. Studies found that the number of pedestrians piled up has the greatest impact on the delay of rightturning vehicle and there is a strong linear relationship between them. It is of practical significance to reduce or avoid the conflict between pedestrian and vehicle in the future traffic management control.

Environment and Ecology

Experimental study on the treatment of oily wastewater by sand filtrationactivated carbon immobilized microbial agents

QI Zhi-chong, WANG Jia-ning, ZHANG Qiang*

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  86-91.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.014

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In view of the oily wastewater produced by the oilfield, an advanced treatment unit with sand filtrationactivated carbon immobilized microbial agents was designed to study the removal effect of oil and SS pollutants in sewage. The results indicated that when oily wastewater passed through the filtering device, the concentrations of oil and SS in the final effluent was 3.25 mg·L-1 and 26 mg·L-1, respectively. In addition, the oil could be removed by activated carbon immobilized microorganism and the removal rate could reach 35.6% within 10 d, which indicates that this kind of immobilized microorganism technique has a good potential in the field of oily wastewater treatment.

Simultaneous determination of formic acid, acetic acid，propionic acid and n-butyric acid in environmental samples by ion chromatography

SUN Yun-yun, YU Shuai, LUAN Ling-yu，LI Jian, DING Shang-zhi, WANG Li-juan, ZHAO Yan-rong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  92-98.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.015

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A method for simultaneous determination of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and nbutyric acid in water sample by ion chromatography was established. The chromatographic instrument used was a Thermo Fisher ICS-5000+ ion chromatograph．An inhibitory conductance detector, Ion Pac AS11HC (250 mm×4 mm I.D.) separation column and Ion Pac AG11HC (50 mm×4 mm I.D.) guard column were used. The temperature of detector and columns were 35 ℃ and 30 ℃, respectively. Gradient elution was conducted with KOH as eluent and the gradient elution conditions were as followings: the concentration of KOH was 1.0 m mol/L at 0 ~17.0 min, 30.0 m mol/L at 17.1~25.0 min, and 1.0 m mol/L at 25.1~30.0 min. When the flow rate was 1.2 ml/min, formic acid, acetic acid，propionic acid and nbutyric acid could meet the requirements of separation, and the detection limit was 0.004, 0.005, 0.004 and 0.005 mg/L, respectively. The four organic acid showed good linear correlation in the range of  0.2 mg/L~3.0 mg/L, and its correlation coefficients was within 0.999 1~0.999 5. Two mixed standard solutions of 0.2 and 1.0 mg /L were detected 11 times and the results showed that the relative standard deviation of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were all less than 2%, and the precision was better. The spike recovery of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid ranging from 95.3% to 98.7% was obtained when applying this method to analyze the four organic acids in water samples.

Other Research Article

Prediction of the Yu Ebao yield based on ARIMA model

LUO Yu-fan, LIU Xiao-rong, ZHU Shu-ya, ZHAO Wei-fan, LI Min

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  99-105.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.016

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The research object of this paper is the yield of Yu Ebao. By selecting the yield data during May 30, 2013 to July 27, 2016, the ARIMA model was established for data processing, thus predicating the yield of Yu Ebao between July 28, 2016 and August 21, 2016. Finally, by comparing the actual results with the predicted results, the validity of the model within the allowable error range was determined.

Study on interaction between p53 protein and PBR322 DNA based on atomic force microscopy

CHEN Yang, WANG Yan-wei, YANG Guang-can*

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  106-111.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.017

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Tumor (cancer) is caused by the apoptosis or proliferation of cells when DNA damage cannot be repaired in time in the process of replication. The processes of DNA transcription and expression are all involved in the interaction of protein and DNA in living cells. And, tumor suppressor protein is also one of the key proteins involved in this process. However, many studies have found that the tumor suppressor protein p53 can recognize and repair damagingDNA, which plays a significant role in cell apoptosis, gene protection and avoidance of cancer. Studies have shown that the structural stability of p53 protein and the affinity of p53DNA can be enhanced by metal ions, such as magnesium and zinc ions. Therefore, based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), the interaction image of p53 protein and PBR322 ring DNA is visually presented. And, it is found that p53 protein can promote a ring DNA aggregation or cross in itself. However, this phenomenon occurrence is rare for linear DNA with the length of 5 000bp, and it is not occurrence in 20 000bp DNA either. However, protein p53 can make ring DNA to be a twist shape in high magnesium concentration solution, that is, the supercoil shape is formed. This phenomenon may provide guidance for the study on the function and mechanism of protein p53, as well as provide insights into cancer therapy, cancer drug development and cancer detection methods.

Desigh of a control system of newtype cleaning robots for photovoltaics

YAN Jiu-xiang, WANG Ya-li, WEI Pan-pan, ZHANG Guo-hui, JI Fang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  112-117.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.018

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A control system of newtype cleaning robots for photovoltaics was desighed, which was used for cleaning the photovoltaic panels in largescale PV plant. The control system was applied to realize the automatic cleaning operation, such as chassis leveling, straight moving, manipulator arm cleaning, dust cleaning and absorbing, and so on. A special motion controller TTC60 was adopted as the controlling core component. Using the hydraulic system composed of electrohydraulic proportional valves, sequential operations in accordance with cleaning procedures were realized by robots. Moreover, combined with mechanical leveling mechanism, automatic cleaning and dustabsorbing operations on the planar photovoltaics were completed while the robots were moving on the bumpy ground. When the moving speed is 1 km/h，the cleaning speed could reach 3 000 m²/h.

Desigh of bioelectrical impedance detection and analysis system based on cloud platform

SHU Ming-lei, GAO Tian-lei, SHAN Ke

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  118-123.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.019

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In this paper a kind of bioelectrical impedance analysis and detection system based on cloud platform was put forward to provide a positive and effective solution to the detection, monitoring and intervention of human body composition. The system implemented an architecture which consisted of intelligent acquisition terminal, data processing relay, comprehensive health cloud service platform and multimodal application terminal. Based on cloud computing and intelligent hardware technology, five components were designed, which included bioelectrical impedance acquisition frontend, MSP430 data processor and transceiver, data processing and interactive unit, data processing and storage arrays on cloud platform, and application client. By detecting the height, weight, and impedance parameters, the system performed dynamic correction and updating algorithms on the server clusters based on cloud computing technology, and the data results were analyzed and calculated. When the application client requested data, the data distributing and pushing were carried out, which was displayed to users through display module. Compared with other mainstream biological resistance detection systems, the system presented could detect more kinds of parameters, and realize the remote data transmission, processing and display, which was helpful to establish a new model for the detection and monitoring of human body composition.

Research and implementation of network monitoring based on Zabbix and WeChat enterprise accounts

LIU Yuan-chao, LI Shu-bin

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(4):  124-130.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.04.020

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Abstract∶A combination method of Zabbix and WeChat enterprise accounts was proposed in this paper to realize the instant pushing of alarm information. With the effective combination of Zabbix and WeChat enterprise accounts, it can greatly enhance the management efficiency of network operation and maintenance, and ensure high availability and persistence of network, thus  providing assistance for the automation of network operation and maintenance.