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    20 June 2017 Volume 30 Issue 3
      
    Oceanographic Science, Technology and Equipment
    Research on the error calibration algorithm of the marine hydro-meteorological observation equipment
    YANG Jun-xian,WAN Jing,LIU Zhong-min,ZHAO Jie,YANG Li,ZHU Hong-hai,HUI Li,YANG Ying
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  1-7.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.001
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1556KB) ( )  
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    In order to improve the precision of hydrometeorological observation data acquisition, the error calibration was needed for the data parameters obtained from the observation equipment. In this paper, three kinds of error calibration algorithm including piecewise linearization, least squares curve fitting and three polynomial of spline function were compared. Finally, three polynomial fitting of spline function method, which could pass through all the error calibration points and have smooth and continuous curve near the calibration points, was determined to be used for error calibration of the observation data. The experimental comparative analysis shows that three spline function fitting error calibration method can reduce the data measurement error and ensure the observation equipment to obtain a more accurate and reliable data parameter.
    The influence factors of fluorescence determination of chlorophyll a and the data correction for them
    ZHANG Li,GUO Cui-lian, ZHANG Shu-wei, WU Ning, WANG Xiao-hong, ZHANG Tian-peng, WANG Zhao-yu
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  8-11.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.002
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    The impacts of turbidity and temperature on the determination of chlorophyll a in the sea water with field fluorescence method were studied in this paper. The chlorophyll a concentration of Chlorella vulgaris at different temperature and turbidity gradients was determined by visible spectrophotometer and the field fluorescence respectively, to explore the influence rule and the method for correction. Results reveal that temperature has no significant effects on the concentration of chlorophyll a in the range of 7 ~ 30 ℃, while turbidity has significant influence on the determination of chlorophyll a in the range of 0 ~ 1 000 NTU, which should be modified by the following method: The true value equals to measured value minus 0.017 4 times’ turbidity value (NTU).

    Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products
    Research on tannins and flavonoid from the flower petals of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. cv. Fengdan
    YAN Hui-jiao, WANG Zhi-wei, CHEN Yan-ping,JIANG Jiao-Jiao, CUI Li, GENG Yan-ling, WANG Xiao
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  12-16.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.003
    Abstract ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )  
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    In this paper, the chemical constituents from the flower petals of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. cv. Fengdan were thoroughly studied, which were isolated and purified by HPLC, and identified by 1H NMR、13C NMR and MS. Two gallotannins both 1-O-galloyl- β-D-glucose (1) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6Trigalloyl- β-D-glucose (2), as well as a flavonoid kaempferol-3,7-di-O- β-D-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from the flower petals of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. cv. Fengdan by HPLC methods. Compounds 1~3 were all obtained from the flowers of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. cv. Fengdan for the first time, and Compounds 1~2 were also the tannins obtained from this genus for the first time.

    Simultaneous determination of two alisols in Rhizoma Alismatis by HPLC-MS
    CHI Yu-feng,WANG Xiao-ming,ZHANG Ling,LIN Sha-sha,JIANG Hai-qiang,ZHOU Hong-lei
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  17-20.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.004
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    To improve the quality control of the Rhizoma Alismatis, a HPLCMS method for  determination of the contents of two alisols in Rhizoma Alismatis was established in this paper. Chromatographic conditions were as follows:Halo C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm), the mobile phase was a mixture of 0.1% formic acid solution0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, gradient elution, the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1, the column temperature was 30 ℃. The conditions of MS included: ESI ion source, detection method with positive ions, mode by MRM, drying temperature was 350 ℃, the flow rate of drying gas was 9 L·min-1, pressure of nebulizer was 241.3 kPa, and the voltage of capillary was 4 000 V. The content of alisol B 23-acetate and alisol A 24-acetate in the samples was 11.459 5 μg·g-1 and 321.823 9 μg·g-1, respectively. The method is accurate and reproducible to the determination of two alisols in Rhizoma Alismatis.

    Simultaneous determination of six active constituents in the Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching by HPLC
    SHAO Wei, GAO De-min
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  21-25.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.005
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    A HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the contents of six main bioactive constituents (protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, mangiferin, and rutin) in the Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching was presented. The analysis was performed on SinoChrom ODS-BP C18(4.6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm)column. The six components were separated with gradient elution using mobile phase composed of 0.1% acetic acid (A)acetonitrile (B) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV detection wavelength was set at 320 nm. The column temperature was kept at 25℃. Six ingredients showed good linear relationship (R≥0.999 2, n=5), with relative standard deviation values less than 5%. Results reveal that this method is rapid, simple, and accurate, to provide experimental foundation for the quantitative detection and quality control of Medical Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching.

    Preliminary study on the quality evaluation of Bletilla striata powder
    WANG Tao, WANG Xiao-hui, CHEN Yan-nan, YANG Fan, ZHANG Chong, WANG Xiao
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  26-32.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.006
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    To establish the quality evaluation method of Bletilla striata powder, ten batches of samples from different areas were adapted to analysis. The identification method based on thin layer chromatogram (TLC) was improved, while the method with anthronesulfuric acid coloration was established to determine the polysaccharide in Bletilla striata powder. Meanwhile, the contents of microscopic, moisture, total ash, and acid insoluble ash in Bletilla striata powder had been studied and summarized. This method is convenient and stable so that it can be effectively and scientifically used for the quality evaluation of Bletilla striata powder.

    Nutritional ingredients analysis of four kinds of jujubes
    LI Gao-yan,SUN Zhao-qian,GUO Qing-mei,ZHOU Feng-qin
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  33-38.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.007
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    The nutritional ingredients such as general nutrients, amino acids, minerals, total triterpene, cAMP and flavonoids of Zhanhua winter jujube, Laoling zizyphus jujube, Xinjiang jujube and Quanchenghong jujube were analyzed, respectively. The results indicated that there were 17 amino acids in each of the four kinds of jujubes, 7 amino acids were essential to human life among them, and the four kinds of jujubes were also rich in minerals such as Ca, Na, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Se, Sr, Cu. For Xinjiang jujube, the soluble solids content 36.50%, the soluble polysaccharide content 31.49%, vitamin C content 1 018.00 mg /100 g and the content of cAMP 26.17 mg /100 g were all higher than the other three jujubes. The content of total triterpene of Quanchenghong jujube was the highest, which was 74.26 mg/100 g; The crude fiber content of Laoling zizyphus jujube was the highest, which amounted to 2.85 g/100 g; The total flavone content of Zhanhua jujube was the highest, which was 404.28 mg/100 g. The contents of different nutrient among different kinds of jujubes are different, which show their different development potential in the medicinal value and commercial production.

    Study on the quality standard of Xiaochuan Emplastrum
    WANG you-feng, CAO yun-fei, BAI xiao-ying
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  39-44.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.008
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    To establish the quality control method of Xiaochuan Emplastrum,Sinapis Semen, Corydalis Rhizoma, Asari Radix et Rhizoma and Piperis Longi Fructus in the Xiaochuan Emplastrum were qualitatively analyzed by TLC. The content of sinapine thiocyanate in sinapis semen was determined by HPLC. The chromatographic column was Phenomenex Geminin C18 column(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile0.08 mol/L potassium phosphate monobasic (13∶87,V/V) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength of 326 nm, the column temperature of 25 ℃ and the sample volume of 20 μL. The results revealed that the spots in the TLC identification of Sinapis Semen, Corydalis Rhizoma, Asari Radix et Rhizoma and Piperis Longi Fructus were clear, well separated and without interference by the negative control. The calibration curve of sinapine thiocyanate showed good linearity in the range of 0.84~8.4 μg (r=0.999 7). The average recovery was 99.58 % (n=6,reltive standard deviatior is 0.37 %). This method is rapid, accurate, reliable, and specific, thus it can be used for the effective quality control of the Xiaochuan Emplastrum.

    New Materials
    Preparation of flat skateboard for Go / CF / PTFE high-speed rail bridge spherical bearing and study on its tribological properties
    WANG Li-hu, WANG Shou-ren, WANG Pei-wen, WANG Gao-qi, ZHANG Yong-liang
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  45-50.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.009
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    A plane skateboard sample was prepared by adding treated graphene and carbon fiber to PTFE, and the steps were carried out by weighing material, ball milling, cold pressing, sintering and other procedures. The friction and wear properties of the plane skateboard specimen were studied  by MMG10 friction and wear tester of atmosphere protection. The microstructure of the friction surface of the plane skateboard was observed by scanning electron microscopy,and the lubrication mechanism of graphene and carbon fiber was discussed. The experimental results show the addition of graphene can reduce the friction coefficient of the plane skateboard specimen, and the addition of carbon fiber can obviously improve the wear resistance of the plane skateboard. The friction and wear properties of flat skate specimens containing 2% graphene and 30% carbon fiber are the best.

    The finite element strength analysis of the ballpoint pen tip in automatic assembly
    LI Heng, LI Zheng-jun, HU Ding, YANG Lei
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  51-57.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.010
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    In view of the ballpoint pen tip fracture damages emerged during the assembly process of certain type of ballpoint pen equipment, 3D model of the ballpoint pen tip and the corresponding assembly equipment was constructed by Pro/Engineer,and process stress was analyzed by means of finite element analysis software ANSYS.The forces and failure patterns during various stages of assembly were acquired by means of data collect system, then the process stress was analyzed by means of finite element analysis software ANSYS,finding the maximum stress and stress concentration position.Furthermore,the related experiment was carried out to demonstrate the validity of the finite element analysis,then the reasons for damage of ballpoint pen head were found out, finally feasible solutions were put forward.

    Tranfic and Transportation
    Analysis of the influence on travelers’ choice of travel time under the congestion pricing
    YUE Xian-fei, FU Bai-bai,WU Ke-xin
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  58-64.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.011
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    With the sustainable growth of urban vehicles’ ownership, it makes the road congestion become an increasingly serious problem. And it is an effective means to solve the urban road congestion by increasing the utilization rate of current road resources through congestion charging. Based on the theory of timespace consumption, the optimal pricing model of multitime road network was established to achieve the maximum social welfare as the destination function and the corresponding algorithm was given in this paper. To the peak period, three different amounts of congestion charges were applied to get the influence on travelers’ travel time. Finally, the algorithm case was analyzed to prove that when the timespace resources are fixed, congestion pricing has a significant effect on regulating the traffic volume distribution during normal periods and peak periods, and reducing the total traffic volume, thus relieving the traffic congestion in urban roads.

    Robustness optimization model for freight express service network design scheme
    LIU Xin-meng
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  65-72.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.012
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    As freight demand is prone to volatility during the planning period, robustness optimization model for freight express service network design was constructed in this paper. By comparing the robustness optimization model with the traditional basis model, and aiming at minimizing total transportation cost, the objective function has the implication of transportation services constraints, such as train transfers and train detaching as well as attaching plan, train marshaling plan, and delivery time, etc. The harmony search algorithm was used in this paper to solve the model with loop iteration to get better results. The results reveal that the robustness optimization model is well accustomed to the change in transportation demand, and it can also postpone freight delivery deadline while the transportation cost is reduced.

    Research on integrated optimization of double stack car carriers based vehicle loading and routing problems in vehicle logistics
    CHEN Sheng-bo, LIU Yong-ping, HE Shi-wei, LI Hao-dong
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  73-81.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.013
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    Based on the heuristic algorithm, a double-decker programming model was established, in which both routing and filling problems of the double stack car carriers were considered. A hybrid genetic algorithm was proposed for solving doubledecker programming model and a heuristic search principle was integrated in this algorithm to get the optimized routing. The coding method, routing search method and the dual fitness function were also defined. Finally, the empirical example reveal that when the number of type of cars what to be loaded is less than 3, LINGO software can be used to obtain the optimal solution within 1 minute. However, the solution time may be increased exponentially when the number is 3 or more. Using the hybrid genetic algorithm designed in this paper can get the optimal solution in a short time, which can prove the effectiveness and practicability of this model and algorithm in loading and distribution planning of passenger cars on large scales.

    Other Research Article
    Global solutions of Navier-Stokes-Maxwell system with large initial data and vacuum
    KONG Chun-xiang
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  82-87.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.014
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    This work was concerned with the initial boundary value problem of Navier-Stokes-Maxwell system. By means of the classical energy method and some priori estimates, the global spherically symmetric classical solutions for this system were obtained. Here the initial data can be large and initial vacuum is allowed.

    Traveling waves and spreading speed to impulsive reaction-diffusion models
    SHEN Lin, ZHOU Hong-ling
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  88-93.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.015
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    In this paper, an impulsive reaction-diffusion model with fixed moments of impulses in an unbounded domain was proposed, and the existence of spreading speed and traveling wave solutions for the model were established. First, the existence and the stability of the positive constant solutions were proved in ODE system. Second, the explicit formula of spreading speed to impulsive reaction-diffusion model was given. When certain conditions were satisfied, the spreading speed was greater than zero, which was the minimum speed of the traveling wave solutions. Finally, the numerical simulation of the system was carried out with the velocity of the water flow. The results reveal that the spread and persistence dynamics of the biotic population can be realized through the control of diffusion coefficient, flow velocity, mortality and birthrate corresponding to discrete time and continuous time respectively.

    A conjecture about coloring of non-planar graphs
    ZHANG Xiang-bo
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  94-97.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.016
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    The following conjecture was proposed in this paper: If θ(G)=2, then   χ(G)≤9; If θ(G)≥3, then   χ(G)≤6θ(G)-1.The conjecture is proved to be true forS∈p,p-1,p-2,p-3,p-4,p-5.

    Design of an ultra-wideband antenna for the life detector
    YANG Chuan-fa,LIU Qing-qing,ZHANG Xian-sheng,LIU Ling-yu,SUN Zhong-lin,CHANG Tian-ying
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  98-102.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.017
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    In this paper, a new type of electromagnetic dipole wideband antenna was designed based on simulating and optimizing parameters of electromagnetic antenna model by Ansoft HFSS software. The band width of this antenna can be 2~4 GHz,the front and back ratio of it measures up to 10 dB,and the volume is tinny. Then, the antenna was tested and the results revealed that it could meet the design requirements. So far the antenna has been successfully used in life detection equipment.

    Realization of multiscale Retinex image enhancement algorithm based on GPU
    LI Hui, XIE Wei-hao, LIU Shou-sheng, GAI Ying-ying
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  103-109.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.018
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    To improve the realtime performance of the multiscale Retinex algorithm, a GPU based multiscale Retinex image enhancement algorithm was proposed in this paper. Through the data analysis and parallel mining of the algorithm, timeconsuming modules of the calculation, such as Gauss filter, convolution, and logarithm difference, were implemented in GPU, and the efficiency was improved by using massively parallel processing threads. Experiments were conducted in GeForce GTX 480 and CUDA5.5, and the results showed that the proposed algorithm could significantly improve the computing speed, and with the increasing of the image resolution, the maximum speed up ratio could reach 160 times.

    Bayesian network based evaluation of the safety bearing capacity of power construction
    LAI Jun, CHEN Lei
    SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(3):  110-116.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.03.019
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    The Bayesian network based dynamic evaluating model for safety bearing capacity was put forward.Bayesian network structure and parameters were built based on the identification and assessment of risk factors which may have effects on the safety bearing capacity. Furthermore, the risk assessment and risk diagnosis of the safety bearing capacity of power construction were carried out. Finally, the risk was controlled based on the analytical results. This system can meet the needs of evaluating the safety bearing capacity of power construction.