Shandong Science

Research on the change of total flavonoids content of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds during germination period

HUO Li-qun,ZHANG Wen-xia,XIN Jie，ZHANG Yong-qing,LI Jia,LIU Hong-yan

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 1. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.001

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With the method of ultrasonicassisted extraction, the content and its change rule of total flavonoids in Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds during six stages of prophase imbibition, imbibition, germination, radicle elongation, bud breaking and seedling were studied. After degreased by petroleum ether, total flavonoids of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds at different germination stage were extracted with 70% ethanol as solvent by ultrasonicassisted extraction, and determined using rutin as the standard by colorimetry method. The results showed that total flavonoids content in the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii was low, about 1 mg/g, and it showed tendency to descend firstly and then ascend during the whole germination process, rising to 2.7 mg/g at seeding stage. This study provides references for further understanding and utilization of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds, and provides theoretical basis for artificial regulation of total flavonoids content in Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds.

HPLC determination of multi index components in raw Gastrodia elata Blume

LI Yun, WANG Zhi-wei, LIU Da-hui, ZHOU Hong-lei, WANG Xiao

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 7-12. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.002

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A HPLC method for determination of the contents of six components in raw Gastrodia elata, such as gastrodin, phydroxybenzyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenz aldehyde, adenosine, parishin A and 4, 4′-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, was presented. The analysis was performed on an Agilent 1120 HPLC system with YMC-PEAK ODS-A column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The six components were separated in 80 mins with gradient elution using mobile phase composed of 0.1% CH3COOH—H2O (A) and CH3OH (B): 0~5 min, 5% B; 5~65 min, 5%～40% B; 65~80 min, 40%~100% B. The flow rate of carrier gas was set at 1 mL/min, the column temperature was set at 25 ℃, and the injected sample volume was 50 μL. Six ingredients showed a good linear relationship (R≥0.999 2) within the linear range, and the average recovery rates were in the range of 94.20%~99.68%，and the relative standard deviation was less than 1.96. There were differences in the amounts of six ingredients among different varieties of raw Gastrodia elata, for instance, the contents of the six ingredients in Gastrodia elata f. elata were slightly higher than those in Gastrodia elata f. glauca. In the same variety, the content of parishin glycosides was higher while the contents of adenosine and 4, 4-dihydroxydibenzyl ether were lower. The six ingredients such as gastrodin extracted from fresh gastrodin were stable within 8 hours. This method has the advantage of good separating effect and repeatability, rapid and simple, which could provide references for objective and comprehensive researches on the Rhizoma Gastrodiae.

Solid phase extraction of flavonoids from Radix Scutellariae based on specific chromatogram

GUO Wei, WANG Liang, ZHOU Qian,NIE Ying-lan,CUI Ning,YU Zong-yuan

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 13-19. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.003

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The specific chromatogram of flavonoids in Radix Scutellariae was established by HPLC in this paper. The column filling, eluent and the elution condition of solid phase extraction were optimized using the recovery rates and specific spectral similarity of six main characteristic peaks in HPLC specific chromatogram as indexes. Experimental results confirmed that C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) possessed the highest recovery rates of six components. The SPE column was rinsed with methanol0.3% formic acid（20∶80，V/V）, and then was eluted finally with methanol (containing 0.3% formic acid). After being purified, the recovery rates of six components were all over 89%, and the similarity of characteristic chromatogram was higher than 0.98. Based on HPLC characteristic chromatogram, the optimized purification process of flavonoids in Radix Scutellariae with solid phase extraction can ensure that the main effective components remain consistent before and after purification of Radix Scutellariae.

Determination of the contents of eight metal elements in flowers of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos by ICP-OES

ZHANG Jin-cheng, ZHANG Yong-qing, LIANG Cong-lian, HUO Li-qun, LI Jia

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 20-24. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.004

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To investigate the contents of 8 metal elements (Al,As,Cd,Cu,Mn,Ni,Zn,Pb) in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from three main habitats Shandong, Henan and Hebei, microwave digestion was used for treatment of the flower samples, and the contents of 8 elements were determined by ICP-OES. The method showed a good linear relationship (R between 0.999 96~1.000 0), and the average recovery rate between 95.30%~101.2%, and the relative standard deviation less than 3% (n=8), in line with the requirements of the element analysis. Each content of 8 elements (Al、As、Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb and Zn) in 26 samples of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was measured,and they were in the ranges of 10.30~49.68,0.050 0~0.333 3, 0.066 7~0.333 3, 0.300 0~7.317, 4.983~26.87, 5.767~12.55, 0.100 0~1.500 and 3.550~16.90 mg/kg respectively. The results showed that the metal element contents in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were quite different, and some mental contents were too higher or even exceeded the standard values.

The research progress of sarcomere assembly

HOU Cai-ping, HAN Li-wen, HOU Hai-rong, WANG Xi-min, ZHANG Shan-shan,ZHANG Xuan-ming, WANG Xue, LI Xiao-bin, TIAN Qing-ping, HE Qiu-xia, LIU Ke-chun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 25-36. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.005

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As the basic contractile unit of striated muscles, sarcomere has a highly ordered structure, which was assembled by Actin, Myosin, and a variety of related proteins. During the assembling process, the correcting assembly of Z belt, M belt, and a series of associated proteins is essential for maintaining movement of muscles, so the study on the mechanism of folding and assembling of sarcomere composition protein is very important for understanding the causes of muscle disease and carrying out targeted therapy. In this paper, the research progress of sarcomere primary components and sarcomere assembling process was reviewed. It was considered that the present studies on sarcomere skeleton assembly, the function of the sarcomere contractile complex, and the relationship between the chaperones and muscle diseases were not deep enough. Therefore, in the future, more studies should be developed on the relationship between Myosin binding protein, Titin, molecular chaperones, and diseases, to find new ideas and solutions to the treatment of muscle related diseases.

Anti-inflammatory research on component combination of Kunhai ginger decoction based on zebrafish model

PENG Wei-bing, ZHOU Ling-xiao, FU Xian-jun, HE Qiu-xia, WANG Zhen-guo, LIU Ke-chun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 37-42. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.006

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To study the anti-inflammatory effects of one marine medicine, compound Kunhai ginger decoction, whose component was prepared in different combination, zebrafish inflammatory model was established, induced by copper sulfate solution. The model was intervened by different concentrations of component combination solution from Kunhai ginger decoction (100, 50, 25 μg/mL) respectively, and its effect on the number of macrophage cell in zebrafish was observed by stereo fluorescence microscope. The results reveal that the number of macrophage cell in zebrafish inflammatory model induced by copper sulfate is reduced obviously due to the component combination solution from compound Kunhai ginger decoction, which has in vivo antiinflammatory effects.

Research progress in chemical co-precipitation based synthesis of LiMnPO4 cathode material by two steps

QIN Xian-zhong，YANG Gai，GAO Jian，CAI Fei-peng， WANG Bo，JIANG Bo，TAN Chun-hui

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 43-49. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.007

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LiMnPO₄ has the potential applications as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries， and chemical co-precipitation is an ideal method to prepare LiMnPO₄. There have been problems, such as the low conductivity and low Li⁺ diffusion, lying in the recent studies of LiMnPO₄ cathode materials. According to these problems,this paper, starting from the synthesis of LiMnPO₄ using Mn₃(PO₄)₂、MnPO₄、NH₄MnPO₄ and other different kinds of Mn-P precursors, summarized the recent research progresses at home and abroad in LiMnPO₄ prepared by chemical co-precipitation of twostep method, in which carbon coating and metal ion doping were usual modification methods. Aiming at the existing problems in recent researches that LiMnPO₄with different properties can be obtained from different kinds of Mn-P precursors, it was considered that the mechanism of chemical co-precipitation should be further discussed and the related kinetics and thermodynamics study should be carried on. This paper provides references for the further study of LiMnPO₄ cathode materials and its industrialization.

The technical study on controlling Si content in car plate steel

XIU Da-peng, NI Xiao-qing, ZHANG Xin-en

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 50-54. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.008

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Directed against the performance degradation problem of domestic car plate steel due to increasing Si in molten steel during the smelting process, in this paper, the changes in the production of Si content in each smelting stage were studied. The influence factors of the molten steel raising Si mainly include slag basicity, and aluminum content in molten steel, tundish slag and tundish insulation material, etc. By the measures of choosing deoxidizer with Si content less than 1.5%, improving slag basicity by using the modification agent, and adopting alkali tundish, the mass fraction of molten steel increasing Si was controlled below 0.01% during the refining and continuous casting process.

Design and optimization of FBG based sensors for monitoring the temperature of transformer windings

LIU Yuan, ZHAO Lin, WANG Ji-qiang, HOU Mo-yu, LI Zhen

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 55-60. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.009

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Based on the principle of fiber Bragg grating (FBG), an optical fiber sensor was designed to directly measure the internal temperature of transformer winding, and the packaging technology and material of the sensor were optimized, which could solve the problems caused by thermal field and stress. After the temperature calibration experiment, the temperature calibration was carried on to the optical fiber temperature sensors. The field experiment showed that good consistency and repetition of temperature measurement were kept between the optical fiber temperature sensor and the electronic sensor, and the system’s measurement sensitivity is less than 0.1 ℃, and the measurement accuracy is up to ±0.5 ℃, which meets the requirements of the realtime online detection of the internal temperature of the transformer winding.

Measurement of object deformation using vortex beams generated by a computergenerated hologram grating

SHI Kai, ZHANG Xin-yu, SUN Ping

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 61-66. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.010

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The outofplane displacement can be measured by using a vortex beam, Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beam, produced by computergenerated hologram (CGH) grating. Based on the principle of using the computergenerated hologram (CGH) grating to produce LG beam, the experimental scheme of the outofplane deformation measurement was designed, using the LG beam as reference light and a plane beam as object light. The object deformation was measured by the interference of object light and reference light, and the interference beam intensity formula before and after the tested object deformed was derived. Adopting the method of numerical calculation, the principle of using LG beam for the measurement of object deformation was analyzed. The numerical simulation results were in agreement with the theoretical results, which showed that by the high purity LG beam produced by CGH grating can be used for outofplane displacement measurement.

The single-step congestion toll model of Y-shaped bottleneck under tactical waiting

ZHANG Meng-ting, DING Jian-xun, ZHENG-YANG Bian-mu, LONG Jian-cheng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 67-77. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.011

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In this paper, according to the Y-shaped traffic network containing at least one upstream bottleneck and a common downstream bottleneck, the departure time choice behavior and the optimal road congestion pricing scheme during morning peak hours were investigated under tactical waiting and single step toll. Based on the assumption that the departure time choice followed the user equilibrium (UE) principle, the equilibrium departure rate and individual trip cost under different merging rules were derived. According to the departure time choice behavior, the optimal road congestion charging period and toll level were further derived. Research showed that the proposed pricing scheme could effectively decrease the total congestion of the traffic network system, however, it might lead to the increase in individual trip cost. In addition, it also found that the effectiveness of the proposed pricing scheme not only depended on the merging rules, but also depended on the relative magnitudes of the capacities of the upstream and downstream bottlenecks. Finally, the results showed that there was Braess paradox in the Yshaped traffic network, which meant that the total system travel cost could be increased when the capacity of the upstream bottleneck was increased.

Optimization method of the improved F-B model based signal timing at oversaturated intersections

GAO Jia-ning，DING Yong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 78-84. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.012

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To reduce the vehicle delay time at oversaturated intersections, the improved F-B signal timing model was established. The procedures of cycle calculation in this model were the same as those in F-B method. The concept of “real traffic volume” was put forward when investigating the flow rate of each approach, and the delay model was used to evaluate the F-B method and the improved FB method. The case study indicated that, compared with the F-B signal timing model, the use of improved F-B model made the delay time of two neighboring intersections of Wenhua Road/Fushan Road and Wenhua Road/Hagongda Road decrease 34.39% and 28.05% respectively. The improved model can ease traffic jam effectively, and reduce vehicle queue length, and improve the intersection service level.

Integrated planning method of routing and formation for urban rail transit

GU Hai-ting

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 85-94. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.013

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In this paper, quantitative analysis of all the factors affecting train routing scheme and train formation plan was made, and the integrated planning model was established from two perspectives of passengers and operators, and related solving algorithm was put forward based on genetic algorithm. When compared with the scheme of single route and single formation, the results showed that using the optimization scheme presented in this paper by flexible formation and short routing operation could reduce 13.6% waiting time, 2.65% operating cost and 12.88% the number of serviceable car, and its feasibility was proved by sensitivity analysis.

Risk assessment of farmland soil ecological health in Shen-Fu sewage irrigation regions

WU Di, JIANG Neng-hui, WANG Yu, SUN Hui, LI Ting-ting

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 95-105. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.014

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Based on the concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cu and Cr in the farmland soil of ShenFu sewage irrigation regions, soil ecological and health risks were evaluated with the Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index and the health risk assessment model recommend by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in this study. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Cr in this region were all higher than the soil background value in Liaoning Province, and showing an increasing trend year by year. Especially, Hg and Cd pollution was more serious, and the concentrations of them were over the grade Ⅱ national soil quality standard. Although the potential ecological risks of the 90% factors in soil samples were at a moderate risk level, different ways of sewage irrigation had some effects on the risk index, and the values of risk index in the area which had been sewage irrigated up to now were higher than the others. In the potential risk of single factor, the risks of Cd and Hg were more serious than other heavy metals, and it also showed that sewage irrigation would increase the heavy metal concentration in soil, and the ecological risk indexes of soil samples were 60% and 100% above the serious level respectively. In term of the evaluation of health risk, the HQ and HI values of six kinds of heavy metals in the regions were all lower than 1, which indicates that there is no noncarcinogenic risk in this area theoretically. However, the CR and TCR values of Cr、Cd and As were all higher than the standard values of the US EPA, which mean that these heavy metals would have a high carcinogenic risk.

Research on compound curing agent for waste drilling mud in Shengli Oilfield

ZHENG Li-wen, ZHANG Wen, WANG Lei-lei, ZHANG Qiang, CHEN Guan-hong, WANG Jia-ning, GUO Shu-hai

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 106-109. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.015

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According to the characteristics of the high COD of the waste drilling mud extracts in Shengli Oilfield, the solidification treatment of waste mud was studied by using the composite curing agent composed of cement, fly ash, additive A and additive B. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimum mass fraction proportion of several kinds of chemicals in the treatment of waste drilling mud was found out: cement 10%, fly ash 20%, additive A 3%, additive B 0.5%. The results showed that the COD of the slurry was reduced from 896.84 mg/L to 72.35 mg/L, when the composite curing agent was used.

Left semiregular B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroups

LI Gang, HU Yu-ying

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 110-102. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.016

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A good B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroup is a semigroup which has a subband B satisfying some additional conditions, in which B is called the band of projection. Orthodox semigroups, type W semigroups, orthodox supper rpp semigroups and projective orthomonoids are all good B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroups. In this paper, the characterizations of good B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroups with left semiregular bands of projections are exhibited.

Study on detecting method of 3-［4-(3-nitrobenzene sulfonyl oxygen radicals) phenyl］ propionic acid in the landiolol hydrochloride crude drug

WANG Shan-shan,WANG Li-juan, LI Zhuo-wa, NING Fan-sheng,WANG Xiao-li, CHEN Yue, CHEN Xiang-feng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 113-120. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.017

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To detect and control the content of trace toxic impurity 3-［4-(3-nitrobenzene sulfonyl oxygen radicals) phenyl］ propionic acid, which isessential material in the synthesis of landiolol hydrochloride drug, a HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine the 3-［4-(3-nitrobenzene sulfonyl oxygen radicals) phenyl］ propionic acid in the landiolol hydrochloride crude drug. The multiple reaction monitor mode was used to eliminate the matrix effect and increase the sensitivity of the method. The limit of detection of the target analyte was 0.50 mg/kg. The recoveries of spiked samples were between 91.9% and 97.8%. The relative standard diviation value of precision experiment was 3.28%(n=6). The established method was simple, reliable, fast and low cost,which is able to meet the demand of impurities determination in crude drugs.

Research on Nd:YAG/V:YAG bonded crystal based microchip laser operating at 1 338 nm

LIU Qian-hui, AN Zhen-ni, ZHANG Qian-qian, LI Jian

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 121-125. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.018

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In this paper, based on Nd:YAG/V:YAG bonded crystal, the output characteristics of an passively Q-switched microchip laser operating at 1 338 nm was demonstrated under cw and quasicw LD endpumping. In the cw pumping region, stable Q-switched pulse was obtained with the maximum output power of 0.73 W and a pulse width of 139 ns. Under the quasicw pumping region, the phenomenon of passive modelock Q-switched was achieved, the maximum output power was 1.01 W and the pulse width was about 80 ns. Among them there was modelocked pulse train in the Q-switched pulse with single pulse width of 70 ps. The experiment results show that Nd:YAG/V:YAG bonded crystal have the advantages in obtaining 1 338 nm compact pulse laser with high output power and quasicw pumping mode can greatly decrease the thermal effects and ensure high laser output power.

Effect of impurities in rocks on the mechanism of laser rock breaking

MU Hai-wei, XIN Peng-hui, LUO Wei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 126-132. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.019

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Based on the principle of unsteady heat transfer, the distribution of temperature field in the rock under the action of Gauss laser beam to the rock surface was analyzed, using the temperature field distribution combined with the method of thermal stress equation to simulate thermal stress distribution of both the rock and the rock with spherical materials. The numerical simulation results show that, if treated with the same laser beam for the same time, the value of thermal stress near the edge of the inclusions caused by the rock with inclusions is bigger than that without inclusions, that is, when the same laser power and irradiation time act on the rocks with or without in them, the rocks having inclusions are more likely to break. In nature, most of the rocks contain impurities, and this work provides the theoretical basis for the laser rock breaking under conditions of rocks containing impurities.

Whole life-cycle EMC testing method for automotive electronic products

LI Yan-qiang,ZHANG Xiao-fang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(2): 133-138. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.02.020

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So far much of the EMC testing of automobile electronic products was centered on the new product development stage. An EMC test method of whole life-cycle of automobile electronic products was proposed in this work. The accelerated life testing was carried out by establishing testing model, degradation model and verification model. Results reveal that in the product life span, EMC performance becomes worse with the prolonged time of use, and will exceed the EMC standards limits at some stage, which could have an adverse impact on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle. This work has theoretical and practical significance to improve the reliability, security, and electromagnetic compatibility of automobile electronic products in China.

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