Table of Content

20 February 2017 Volume 30 Issue 1

  

Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products

Quantitative determination of mollugin and purpurin from traditional Chinese medicine Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma by ¹H NMR

WANG Zhi-Wei, YAN Hui-Jiao, WANG Xiao, CHEN Yue, LIN Yun-Liang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  1-7.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.001

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The ¹H chemical-shift values of mollugin and purpurin in extract from Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma were assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, and a specific, simple, sensitive 1H NMR method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of mollugin in extract from Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma When the solvent effects on the resolution of target signals and the solubility of the crude extracts were taken into account, dimethyl sulfoxide-d₆ was selected as an optimal ¹H NMR solvent.  Quantitative determination was carried out by using the signal of the olefinic proton of mollugin (δ_H 5.77, H-2′) and H-3 of purpurin (δ_H 6.67), which were not interfere with other signals. Maleic acid was selected as internal standard because of its stable physical and chemical properties and having simple resonance signal. The improved method possessed good stability, repeatability, precision and accuracy for the quantification of mollugin and purpurin and the determination results agreed with the data obtained by HPLC-UV method. Due to its simple operation, short test time and without any reference

Research on quality investigation and evaluation criteria of commercially available Prunellae Spica

CHEN Lei，DAI Yan-peng，WANG Liang，QU Yong-sheng， WANG Meng，ZHOU Qian

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  8-14.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.002

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In order to evaluate and control their qualities completely，18 batches of Prunellae Spica were bought，and their appearances, TLC identification, the inspection of moisture, ash, extract content were carried out. Furthermore, the HPLCfingerprint of Prunellae Spica, the determination; of caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid content and the pattern identification of different batches by principal analysis and cluster analysis have been established. The results showed that the appearance of each batch accorded with the standards of China Pharmacopoeia, but few of them could reach standard of superior grade product; rosmarinic acid could be detected from all batches by TLC; Moisture, total ash and extract content were in line with the requirements of Pharmacopoeia; Acid insoluble ash of all the batches except 3 of them could comply with the requirement of Pharmacopoeia, but there were rather big difference among various batches; the overall similarity of the fingerprints was high, but the chromatographic peak area and the content of the caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid existed rather big difference between batches. Through the research above, the quality of Prunellae Spica was preliminarily understood, and it is recommended to further improve the appearance evaluation criteria, and add fingerprint as a new quality evaluation index .

Separation and purification of glycosidic compounds from  Folium Sennae by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Duan Wen-juan, WU Qiu-xia, Li Yue, Yang Guo-hong, SHI Xin-gang, Sun Wei-hong, WANG Xiao

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  15-19.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.003

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Four glycosidic compounds were rapidly separated from the nbutyl alcohol of Folium Sennae by high-speed counter-current chromatography with the solvent system of nbutanolwater (9:10, V/V). The flow rate is 2.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength is 280 nm, and the rotate speed rating is 860 r/min. Separated from the nbutyl alcohol extracts (200 mg) of Folium Sennae, their structures were identified as apigenin-6, 8-di-C-glycoside (10 mg), kaempferol-3-O-β-D gentiobioside (9 mg), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D gentiobioside (15 mg), and sennoside B (5 mg) with the purities were respectively 97.6%, 98.9%, 98.3%, and 99.3%. The results show that this method is simple and efficient, which is suitable for the separation and purification of glycosidic compounds from Folium Sennae.

Extraction and property analysis of soluble dietary fiber from stems of Lonicera japonica

GUO Feng-qian, HUANG Zu-shun, ZHU Bao-lei, LIU Qian*

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  20-25.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.004

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The optimal technology of extracting soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from stems of Lonicera japonica by cellulose method was investigated and the properties of SDF were also analyzed. Based on singlefactor experiments, orthogonal experiments were performed to optimize the extractive conditions, and the results showed the optimum conditions were pH 4.8, at 45 ℃, 1∶12（g/mL）of material and water, cellulase 1.2% by volume, extracting for 6 h, 3 times.Under the above conditions, the yield of SDF was 3.57%, whose water holding capacity was 6.1 g/g, expansion force was 5.3 mL/g, oil holding capacity was 4.53 g/g, cation exchange capacity was 0.58 mmol/g, highest free radical scavenging rate on DPPH was 80.13%, and the SDF had excellent physical and chemical properties. The study indicated that the cellulose method can be used to extracting SDF from stems of Lonicera japonica.

New Materials

Structural studieson Raman spectroscopy and optical second harmonic generation based tin diselenide

ZHANG Shuai, SHI Ying,SHI Jia, SUN Min，WU Qian，LIU Xin-feng,LIU Mei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  26-32.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.005

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The photoelectric properties of twodimensional layered semiconductor materials, especially for those with a few atomic layers, are closely related to their crystal structures. Thus,  the critical question is to select the proper characterization. In this article, the tin diselenide with different layers has been obtained by means of mechanical exfoliation, and the characteristics of the crystal structure have been studied by optical second harmonic generation and Raman spectrum. By using second harmonic generation, the crystal axis of tin diselenide was confirmed accurately and the effect of different thickness on second harmonic generation was analyzed, providing a purely optical method of determining the orientation of crystallographic axes, as well as offering the possibility to discover other nonlinear optical properties of tin diselenide. By Raman spectroscopy, it is found that the interlayer vibration mode was sensitive to the changes of thickness and temperature, thus tin diselenide could be applied to the temperature detection in situ within a large range.

Recent developments in grain refinement through plastic deformation for wrought magnesium alloy

ZHANG Di, LIN Tao,ZHOU Ji-xue, ZHAO Zhong-kui, LIU Yun-teng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  33-40.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.006

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In this paper, the applications of different various plastic deformation processing, such as hot extrusion, rolling and large plastic deformation, on grain refinement of wrought magnesium alloy were reviewed systematically. The high cost of related products caused by low processing speed has been regarded as one of the main factors limiting the development of wrought magnesium alloys. But in the future, this problem can be solved by semicontinuous casting preparation of large size using multioutfield and rapid processing of fine grained magnesium alloys.

Energy and Power

Experimental investigation for the intrinsic reduction kinetics of a hematite as oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion

SU Ming-ze, ZHAO Hai-bo, DU Bao-zhou, ZHANG Peng-fei, LIU Zhi-gang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  41-51.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.007

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 In this work, the intrinsic kinetics of the first reduction stage of a hematite as oxygen carrier (OC) reduced by carbon monoxide (CO) has been investigated. For the intrinsic kinetics analysis, the BET surface area and the pore size distribution tests showed that the porosity of this kind of OC was 0.031, which revealed that the OC had dense structure with undeveloped pore structure. The temperature programmed reduction experiments were conducted in the thermo gravimetric analyzer, which showed that the reduction of OC was conducted in stages, and the appropriate experimental temperature range for testing the intrinsic kinetics of the first reduction stage was 400~650 °C. Furthermore, a series of formal experiments were conducted in a batch fluidized bed system with different temperatures and different CO concentrations. The intrinsic activation energy and the preexponential factor were determined as 138.55 kJ/mol and 6.8×1013 s^-1 respectively, after the internal and external diffusion factor been eliminated. The analysis to the internal and external diffusion factors deepened the acknowledgement to the reaction properties of this kind of hematite OC reduced by CO. The researching results of this paper had good compatibility with many previous research conclusions such as shrinking core model, external diffusion control and smaller apparent activation energy.

Thermodynamic cycle optimization of waste heat recovery heat pump for marine aquaculture

JIANG Ya-ke, WU Yu-guo, GAO Bo, LIU Jing

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  52-58.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.008

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The Ebsilon software was employed to establish a thermodynamic cycle model of a typical heat pump heating system by utilizing the waste heat in marine aquaculture. Simulations were carried out to find out the defects of the heat pump system for a typical engineering case. The optimization of the heat pump system was carried out, and a doubled energy efficiency was obtained. In the case of an indoor sea cucumber seedling plant in Qingdao sea area, electricity saving is up to 2 000 kW·h each day in winter. The energy saving potential is tremendous, and the economic benefit is remarkable. The case analysis shows that the critical point is to follow the essential scientific principle of"temperature counterpart and cascade utilization" when reusing the waste heat of drainage in mariculture by a heat pump system.

Optical Fiber and Photonic sensingtechnology

Design and simulation of FBG based rapid response ocean temperature sensors

Lü Jing-sheng, ZHANG Fa-xiang, ZHAO Qiang, JIANG Shao-Dong, ZHANG Xiao-lei, WANG Chang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  59-63.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.009

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Based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG), a rapid response temperature sensor suitable for marine disposable measurement was designed in this paper. The temperature sensitivity of the sensor was calculated by theory, and the response time of the sensor with different structural parameters was simulated and analyzed using the finite element method. A sensor with response time 17 ms was designed, and its theoretical sensitivity was calculated to be 30.7 pm/℃. This sensor is suitable for rapid measurement of ocean temperature.

The design of FBG seepage pressure sensor

LI Xiao-fan, ZHAO Qing-chao, Lü Jing-sheng, TANG Liang, WANG Hong-zhong, MA Long

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  64-68.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.010

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In order to realizing the realtime monitoring of the seepage pressure of the tailing pond, a kind of corrugated diaphragm based optical FBG seepage pressure sensor was designed. The influence of the ambient temperature was eliminated by the double temperature compensation of the material and temperature grating. The experimental results show that the pressure measuring range is 0~20 kPa, the pressure sensitivity is 27.8 nm/MPa, the linearityfitted is up to 0. 999 99, which is suitable to high accurate measurement of the liquid level changes within narrow range. The application of the sensor in the detection of saturation line of tailing pond shows that the sensor possesses the advantages of high precision and good repeatability.

Tranfic and Transportation

Road traffic flow data quality assessment based on grey theory and analysis hierarchical process

ZHUANG Guang-xin,GU Yuan-li, MA Yun-nan, ZHAO Ying

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  69-75.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.011

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Due to the impact of the equipment failures and the external environment factors, data quality issues such as data distortion, loss, redundancy and so on often occur in the process of road traffic information data acquisition, which is unable to meet the requirements of the intelligent traffic management. In this paper, a method of road traffic data quality assessment was put forward based on the grey theory and analysis hierarchy process (AHP), in which, 3 data characteristics, such as accuracy, completeness and timeliness, were used as evaluation indexes, AHP method was used to determine the weight of each evaluation index, and the whitening weight function of grey systems theory was used to establish the satisfaction matrix model. The feasibility of the method is proved by the instance analysis of the measured traffic flow data of Beijing′s second ring road.

Study on holiday green travel behavior based on Nested Logit model

MA Shu-yu, SHAO Chun-fu

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  76-81.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.012

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Aiming at the particularity of holiday travel behavior, using the 2014 survey data of Beijing holiday travel behavior, the behavior model of green travel on holiday was constructed based on the Nested Logit modeling theory. The significant factors to affect travel choice were screened out, and the hierarchical structure of Nested Logit model on holiday green travel was established. Then, the parameter estimation results of the holiday travel choice model were analyzed. The results show that whether possessing a car, whether possessing a bicycle, living arrangement, travel purpose, travel distance and travel cost are the major factors affecting the choice of holiday travel mode. And whether possessing a car, whether having companions and travel purpose is the major factor affecting the holiday green travel choice.

A research on rail traffic generation forecasting based on BaiduMap API

LI Xiao-feng,HUANG Hai-nan，LI Jin-hai,XU Hong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  82-88.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.013

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Based on BaiduMap API (application program interface), a query system was developed for collecting and identifying POI (point of interest) in the surrounding area of metro rail transit station, which realized the automatic collection of POI. By optimizing the traffic zone blocking method, a traffic generation forecasting model was constructed, which was used to analyze the status quo along an urban rail transit line in A City. The results show that this method is helpful to improve data collecting efficiency and accuracy of traffic generation forecasting when it’s applied to forecast the shortterm trip generation and trip attraction of a planning urban rail transit line.

Other Research Article

Bi-semirings whose multiplicative semigroup(S,·) is rectangular group

LIU Li，LI Gang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  89-94.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.014

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The bi-semirings whose semigroups (S,+) are semilattices, semigroups (S,·) are rectangular groups and semigroups (S,) are semilattices were studied in this paper. Two partial order relations were constructed on two subsets of a bi-semiring, and a necessary and sufficient condition for that the Green relation on semigroups (S,·) is a bi-semiring congruence was obtained. Furthermore, the equivalent proposition that is a bi-semiring congruence was presented.

Studies on 2-vertex deletion issues in r-hued coloring of graphs

WANG Yue, SUN Lei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  95-97.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.015

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For a positive integer r, a rhued coloring of a graph G is a mapping c: VG→1,2,…, k, such that：(1) if u,v∈VGare adjacent vertices in G, then cu≠cv; (2) for any v∈ VG, cNv≥minNv,r.N(v) is the set of vertices which are adjacent to vertex v. The smallest integer k, which let G have a proper (k,r)coloring, is defined as rhued chromatic number χrG. In this paper, the differences between χrG-vand χrG (d(v)=2) which caused by 2vertex deletion is investigated.

The critical angle which enables the formation of a new fracture and its relation with strong earthquake

LIU Shu-hua, WANG Xiao, ZHANG Jian-wei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  98-102.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.016

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The finegrained massive granite outcrop samples with a weak or broken surface were selected, the force critical angle which led to the new rupture surface of the rock was studied under high temperature and high pressure simulated in the lab. Under the temperature 100 ℃, confining pressure 100 MPa and the temperature 200 ℃, confining pressure 200 MPa, the experiments were made separately through changing the angle with principal stress. The results showed that when the angle α was 0°~30°, the rock steadily slipped along the original rupture surface; when the angle α was 30°~60°, the fault was dominated by stickslip; when the angle α was 60°~90°, mainly led to the generation of the new rupture surface; the critical angle likely to generate a new rupture surface ranges between 50°~65°; the new rupture occurred when the angle α was greater than 65°. The phenomenon, which occurred on rocks, such as stable sliding, stickslip, and a new rupture surface generation, was explained by analyzing the relationship between the stress from different slices (σ) and strain rate (ε) . As is showed in Mohr′s circle theory, under the complex fracture background, the rock stress angle has dominant effect on the generation of the new fracture, and for a given action condition, the critical angle 60° led to the new fracture was possibly the dangerous value which could cause the strong earthquake.

Research on the chromosome doubling of peppermint induced by colchicines

ZHAO Zhong-Juan, WEI Yan-Li, WANG Yi-Lian, LI Ling, LI Cheng-Yun, CHEN Kai, YANG He-Tong, LI Ji-Shun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  103-108.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.017

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The induction of polyploidy has many advantages such as the huge organ, stronger resistance and increase of metabolite, and it is often used for breeding research of medicinal plant. In this study, the peppermint stem containing bud was induced by colchicines in order to obtain the chromosome doubling variant plants. The peppermint stems were induced by colchicines separately with different concentrations(such as 50、100、150、200 mg/L) and different processing time, and the optimum concentration and processing time were screened out by comprehensive consideration of the mortality rate of stem, the induction and growth of regenerated shoot, and the rate of variant plants. The optimum combination is 150 mg/L colchicines for 48 h. The growth, leaf morphology, the size and density of stomata, and the chromosomes number of the variant plants were observed. The peppermints with chromosome number doubled were successfully obtained, which laid the foundation for the breeding and selection of peppermint.

Nd:YSAG passively Qswitched laser using Au Nanorod as saturable absorber

ZHANG Qian-qian, LIU Qian-hui, AN Zhen-ni, LI Jian

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  109-114.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.018

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In this paper, based on Au Nanorod saturable absorber(SA), laser characteristics of LD endpumped passively Qswitched Nd:YASG laser were demonstrated. By controlling the lengthdiameter ratio of the Nanorod, the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peak was located at 1 062 nm. Therefore, passively Qswitching could be achieved by using them. Furthermore, stable passive Qswitched pulses with an average output power of 14 mW was obtained at the pump power of 4.9 W. The minimum pulse width of 944.1 ns was achieved at the pulse repetition rate of 100.1 kHz. The experimental results prove that Au Nanorod is a promising SA for solidstate lasers.

Lexicon and rules based news text sentiment analysis

LI Chen, ZHU Shi-wei, WEI Mo-ji, YU Jun-feng,LI Xintian

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  115-121.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.019

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According to the structure, the news style was divided into several paragraphs. Based on sentiment lexicon and semantic rules, a method of extracting sentimental key sentences was used to analyze the sentiment of sentences within each paragraph. Firstly, sentiment lexicon was built by considering the emotion, twist, negation, degree and sums up vocabularies; Secondly, according to rules, news text was divided into sense groups, sentences, paragraphs and chapters; Furthermore, orientation value of sentimental key sentences was computed by the rules established, and then the sentimental orientation value of the paragraphs and the whole chapters was obtained by weighted average of sentences, thus the sentimental orientation of news was revealed. Compared with lexicon based method and SVM sentiment classification, experimental results show that the method proposed has good effects on the orientation identification of news text, showing good feasibility as well.

Design and implementation of the medical cloud system oriented to rural areas

YANG Ming, SHU Ming-lei, LIU Rui-xia, CHEN Chang-fang, WEI Nuo

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2017, 30(1):  122-127.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2017.01.020

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A rural area oriented medical cloud system was presented based on WBAN and cloud computing, providing solutions to the lagging behind of medicalcare services in rural areas. The system put forward an architecture work which consisted of both intelligent medical device and comprehensive medical cloud platform. Based on WBAN and intelligent hardware technology, the lowcost, general and scalable intelligent medical device was designed. The lowrate network oriented reliable data transmission was achieved on the basis of realtime data fusion and compressive sensing algorithms. The medical cloud platform was established based on three mechanisms, i.e. integration of multilevel medical resources, sharing of multimode medical services, and high support capabilities for medical services. Compared with other mainstream products, results showed that the system proposed could effectively improve the medical service capabilities, and was helpful for the construction of a new Internet based medical mode oriented to rural areas.