Based on the actual marine hydrological data obtained from apredetermined sea area, a submerged buoy system is established herein for performing electromagnetic measurements using the lumped mass method. Further, the balance stance of the submerged buoy system and the tension distribution of the cable are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the design of the system has maintained a good linear correlation between the measurement nodes; the linear correlation coefficient is maintained above 0.995.The counterweight buffer cable can achieve good antiwave buffer effect. The analysis of field trial data at the sea shows that the submerged buoy system with a static buoyancy of 600 N, a buffer cable length of 150 m, and a counterweight of 40 m and 1 N/m can form a U shaped buffer belt with a buffer depth of 21 m when the surface current velocity is 0.5 m/s, which is consistent with the results of simulation analysis.

As the acoustic detection of seabed cold springs requires accurate information of bubble characteristics, this paper develops a simulated observation system for the gas leakage of seabed cold springs with high control accuracy and full functions based on the bubble distribution characteristics of real seabed cold springs.The gas flow is precisely controlled viathe fuzzy PID control algorithm. Compared with the conventional control method, the flow error rate can be reduced by up to 1.5% and the cold spring bubbles in the real environment can be simulated accurately and controllably. The dual cameras are driven viaan Ethernet synchronous trigger, and thesynchronized shooting reduces the shooting synchronization error range by 1.1 ms.The system accurately realizes the orthogonal synchronous observation of the bubble shape in the initial overflow stage and provides data support for the detection of seabed cold springs.

To investigate the operating performance of breakwater integrated with an oscillating water column wave-energy converter, a model experimental study was performed in the wave flume. An air turbine and an electric generator were used for converting pneumatic power to electricity. Performances of the device under different incident wave conditions were examined. The results show that the wave period has a considerable effect on the performance of breakwater integrated with an oscillating water column and the device shows better performance under long wave period conditions. The device represents low energy conversion efficiency when the incident wave height is small.

This study discussed the mechanism of action of Yinzhihuang Granules in the treatment of liver fibrosis using network pharmacology and molecular docking and aimed to provide further information regarding its basic research and clinical application.The active ingredients of Yinzhihuang Granules were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology databases and analysis platforms. The targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction. By searching through the GeneCards database, liver fibrosis-related targets were screened out. Venn diagrams,Gene Ontology(GO) function, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using DAVID. Ingredient-target and target-pathway networks were mapped using Cytoscape3.9.0. Protein-Protein interaction networks were built with the help of STRING and Cytoscape3.9.0. AutoDock Tools were used to perform molecular docking between the key active ingredients and core targets to verify the results of the network pharmacology analysis.Through oral bioavailability and drug-likeness parameters, 43 active ingredients and 111 liver fibrosis-related targets were screened from Yinzhihuang Granules; 346 biological process, 32 cellular composition, and 76 molecular function entries were filtered out from the GO functional enrichment analysis; 96 (P<0.05) signaling pathways, which mainly involved the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, TNF signaling pathway, etc, were screened form the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis; and molecular docking showed that β-sitosterol, luteolin, and kaempferol present in Yinzhihuang Granules have good affinity with the 6 core target proteins: STAT3, AKT1, IL-6, TNF, EGFR, and SRC.The results revealed that YinzhihuangGranules act on multiple targets, participate in the regulation of multiple pathways, and play a role in the treatment of liver fibrosis via activating anti-inflammatory pathways, inhibiting oxidative stress response, and inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells. This study provides evidence for the further validation of the targets and pathways of Yinzhihuang Granules that are involved in the treatment of liver fibrosis.

To explore the intervention mechanism of Alzheimer's disease improvement with the help of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. TCMSP, TCMID, and other databases were used to search for chemical components and their targets. GeneCard and other databases were utilized to obtain the targets of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, Venny2.1 website was used to screen the intersection targets of drugs and diseases.STRING platform and Cytoscape software were used to performtopology analysis forobtaining the core targets of Alzheimer's disease treated using Zhinao Capsules. Moreover, Metaspace database was exploited to perform Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis of potential core targets. The binding ability of the active compounds to the core targets was verified with molecular docking using AutoDock software. The results showed that a total of 44 active ingredients and 292 active targets were identified in the capsule. There were 58 common targets between Zhinao Capsules and Alzheimer's disease. The protein-protein interaction yielded several key targets, including AKT1, IL-6, and TNF. GO and KEGG analyses yielded a total of 1 419 and 175 metabolic pathways, respectively, which mainly includedlipid and atherosclerosis and TNF signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that the key ingredients and targets had good binding ability. These findings suggest that Zhinao Capsules may reduce the inflammatory response and improve memory function vialipid and atherosclerosis and TNF signaling pathways.

To explore the potential mechanism of Mori Cortex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The active ingredients and predicted targets of Mori Cortex were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. T2DM targets were retrieved from the DrugBank, GeneCards, and TTD databases.Then, the components-target network diagram of Mori Cortex and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of intersection targets were constructed. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. Finally, active ingredients and key targets were selected, and AutoDock software was used for molecular docking.The 25 active ingredients and 126 intersection targets of Mori Cortex and disease were predicted. The PPI network revealed that AKT1, IL-6, TNF, VEGFA, TP53, and CASP3 may be the key targets of Mori Cortex in the treatment of T2DM.The GO enrichment analysis included biological processes such as the cytokine signal transduction pathway, response to lipids, and the apoptosis signal pathway.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included the AGE-RAGE, IL-17, TNF, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. The results of molecular bonding showed that quercetin, kahenol, β-sitosterol, iristectorigeni B, and glabrone had good binding activities with AKT1, IL-6, VEGFA, and CASP3.The binding energy of quercetin with AKT1 was the lowest and that of glabrone with IL-6, VEGFA and CASP3 was the lowest.This study preliminarily explored the active ingredients, potential targets, biological processes, and signaling pathways of Mori Cortex in the treatment of T2DM, providing a scientific basis for its clinical application.

This study aims to label the biocontrol agent Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 with the red fluorescent protein DsRed and investigate the functional stability of the labeled strain. The recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-DsRed containing the DsRed gene was transformed into B418 by the aminoclay-mediated transformation system. Germicul ture, subculture, and dual-culture techniques were used to determine the functional stability of the labeled strain B418-Ds Red.The growth curve and morphological characteristics of the strain B418-DsRed after aminoclay transformation were essentially the same as the wild strain B418. After ten generations of subculturing, bright red fluorescence could still be observed under a confocal microscope and the DsRed gene could be detected by polymerase chain reaction, after plasmid extraction from the strain B418-DsRed, which showed its good genetic stability. Dual-culture confrontation assay revealed that the inhibition rates of the strain B418-DsRed against Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae were 55.25% and 67.55%, respectively, with no significant difference when compared to the wild strain B418. It was indicated that the introduction of a foreign plasmid showed no impact on their antifungal activity. Results demonstrated that the red fluorescent protein labeling of the strain B418 was successfully achieved by an aminoclay-mediated transformation system and the labeled strain B418-DsRed with stable function could be used in the future for the colonization of the strain B418 and interaction with pathogens in the plant rhizosphere.

The diversity of fungal communities is an important evaluation indicator for the environmental quality and health of cultivated soil. In this study, four vegetable (onion,ginger,strawberry,cucumber) soils were investigated to analyze the physical and chemical properties as well as the composition and diversity of fungal communities via Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that the fungal abundance inonion soil was the lowest and significantly different from that in the other three crops (strawberry,cucumber,ginger;P< 0.05).The Shannon index and OTUs of the onion and ginger soil were high, indicating higher fungal diversity,whereas the Shannon index and OTUs of cucumber and strawberry were low, indicating lower diversity. The relative abundances of Ascomycota,Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were higher, with the relative abundance of Ascomycota being especially high in diseased soil. Soil fungal communities were affected by environmental factors, with pH and available phosphorus having the greatest influence.These results provided a theoretical basis for clarifying the relationship between the diversity of fungal communities and the quality of vegetable soil,which helped in improving the ecological quality of vegetable soil.

The effects of four solid-solution treatments on the microstructure and properties of Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti alloy were studied herein by metallographic structure analysis,SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis、X-Ray Diffraction,hardness,conductivity,room temperature tensile properties, elongation after fracture and intergranular corrosion resistance. The results show that the grain size increases and with an increase in the solution temperature. The size and quantity of insoluble phase in the alloy decrease with increasing solution temperature when the temperature is less than 520 ℃. When the solid treatment is 510 ℃ for 2 h and then at 520 ℃ for 2 h, the insoluble phase in the alloy begins to increase, and the alloy appears slight overburning, the elongation after fracture and intergranular corrosion resistance become worse, but the tensile strength reaches the highest as 490.14 MPa. The dislocation strength and dislocation contribution decrease with an increase in the solution temperature. The strength effect in the alloy is mainly attributed to the solution strengthening and aging precipitation strengthening.Two different solid-solution treatments (route a:490 ℃ for 2 h and then at 500 ℃ for 2 h; route b: 500 ℃ for 2 h and then at 510 ℃ for 2 h) both can guarantee the mechanical properties(strength and elongation) and intergranular corrosion resistance of the alloy under T6 aging are good; therefore,both of the solid-solution treatments are suitable for preparing Al-5.6Cu-1.7Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.6Ti alloy.

Owing to the low visible-light utilization of traditional photocatalysts and the serious problem of photogenerated electron-hole recombination at the bulk/interface, two-dimensional Bi₂WO₆ nanosheets were prepared herein using the hydrothermal method. Based on the principle of energy-level matching, Cu₂S was grown on the surface of the two-dimensional Bi₂WO₆ nanosheets using the hydrothermal method to construct Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S heterojunctions for improved light absorption. Based on the excellent piezoelectric properties of the nanosheets and the excellent optical absorption and carrier transport properties of the Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S heterojunctions, a piezo-photoelectric synergistic catalytic system was constructed and the optimal degradation experimental conditions were explored. The Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S material was successfully applied for the degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB) in water. The results showed that under the synergistic photoelectric-piezoelectric effect, the degradation rate of RhB by the designed Bi₂WO₆-Cu₂S reached 87% in 40 min. This study provides a new way for designing unique heterojunction structures via the synergistic action of photocatalysis and piezoelectric catalysis.

Aiming to resolve the deficiencies of low accuracy and poor anti-interference ability of traditional thermal pipeline-leakage detection methods,an distributed optical-fiber temperature-measurement system combined with the pipeline-leakage model is adopted herein to measure the temperature field along the thermal pipeline.When the leakage occurs, hot water or steam in the pipeline will flow out and change the temperature field around the leakage point, and the system can rapidly catch the temperature change and locate the leakage. The experimental results show that the temperature accuracy,which is the error between the measuring temperature value and the true value, is within ±1 ℃ and the spatial resolution is no more than 2 m.The system has been successfully applied to the thermal pipeline of the Jining Canal Power Plant, accurately measured the temperature variation along a 15 km thermal pipeline and precisely alerted a leakage, indicating that the distributed optical-fiber temperature-measurement system has a broad application prospect in the field of thermal pipeline-leakage monitoring.

In order to study the influencing factors of Category II/III operational efficiency of transportation airports, an index system regarding the factors influencing the Category II/III operation efficiency is established refering to the relevant regulations as well as airport surveys, and the group Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted to optimize it by improving the scoring method and k-means clustering algorithm. The comparison of the index weight results obtained using the methods before and after the improvement show that the weight obtained via the improved group AHP is considerably different, which is suitable for extracting key influencing factors. Finally, the key influencing factors, such as site transformation and lighting system upgrading, are analyzed and relevant suggestions are proposed for the benefit of Category II/III operation and construction in China.

Aiming to resolve the problem of platform congestion in some high-load node stations, this paper establishes a mathematical model to optimize the average waiting time of passengers and formulates the corresponding traffic-limiting strategies. The model takes the minimum waiting time of passengers as the optimization objective and the number of restricted passengers per unit time at the entrance of the station as the decision variable. According to the behavior characteristics of passengers at different positions in the station, three constraint conditions related to traffic restrictions are formulated:platform capacity constraint, train capacity constraint, and traffic restriction area constraint. At the same time, this paper designs an algorithm based on receding horizon control to perform simulation.The results show that compared with the general strategy of traffic restriction, the algorithm exhibits clear advantages regarding the determination of the times of overruns and the number of passengers during overruns.The algorithm can effectively lower the times of overruns, reduce the number of passengers during overruns by 9% at the platform,and decrease the total passenger travel delay time by 11% without compromising the safety at the platform. This study can provide an effective reference for rail transportation traffic restriction.

Aiming to resolve the complex traffic environment of a ten-lane expressway, considering the factors of traffic volume and proportion of trucks, a comprehensive test design method is adopted herein. Further, the VISSIM traffic simulation software is used to perform simulation research using four lane-management schemes. Using average speed, traffic capacity, and the number of conflicts as the evaluation indexes, the principal component analysis method is used to construct the lane management-scheme evaluation method. Based on the lane management-scheme scores obtained under multiple combined traffic conditions, the conditions applicable for different lane-management schemes of the ten-lane expressway are proposed. The results show that for the ten-lane expressway,when the traffic volume is≤1 000 pcu/(h·lane), trucks should be prohibited from entering the far-left lane and when the traffic volume is >1 000 pcu/(h·lane) and the proportion of trucks is ≤30%, trucks should be prohibited from entering the three lanes on the left.Further,when the traffic volume is >1 000 pcu/(h·lane) and the proportion of trucks is >30%, trucks should be prohibited from entering the two lanes on the left.

In this paper, we have used the observed data of annual total solar radiation from 1961 to 2016 in Jinan, Shandong Province, and compared and analyzed the fitting results of time series models AR(5) and ARIMA((1,2,4),1,0) via model identification and statistical tests. As per the residual test results, the sparse coefficient model ARIMA((1,2,4),1,0) can be used to predict the total annual surface solar radiation. The prediction results show that the overall interannual variation of surface solar radiation in Jinan from 2017 to 2025 follows an increasing trend and the utilization of solar energy resources can be further explored. Compared to the results of the multiple linear regression model, the time series sparse coefficient model has less error and higher prediction accuracy.

This paper proposes a field calibration method via standard weights accumulation to study the variation trend of the measurement error of the weighing precipitation sensor in an automatic meteorological station. Herein, the field calibration data of sensors from 2019 to 2021 are analyzed. Further, a calculation method is presented for measuring the error deviation degree and its variation trend with respect to the weighing precipitation sensor. The variation model of sensor deviation is obtained on the basis of the historical calibration data. The results show that the measurement error range and observation data quality are controllable. The overall deviation degree of the sensor is 2.1% of the standard value and its increase is 0.1% per year. This study can provide reference for predicting measurement errors and durability of meteorological sensors.

This study aimed to provide a basis for the evaluation of germplasm resources, variety classification and identification, and selection of excellent varieties for Lonicera japonica based on submicroscopic structure characteristics of pollen grains. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to classify and identify the plants, stems, leaves, flowers, pollens, and outer ornamentations of L. japonica varieties. The data were analyzed using statistical product and service solutions(SPSS). There were certain differences in the morphological traits, pollen shapes, germinal apertures, and outer ornamentations of the eight L. japonica varieties. The stem and crown of the Sijihua plants were obvious, and the Beihua No.1 plants were bush-like. The buds of L. japonica No. 24 were sparsely pubescent. The pollen grains were spheres, with dense thorn-like ornamentations on the outer wall. The pollen grains of Beihua No.1 and Sijihua were triangular spheres, with dense, thick, thorn-like ornamentations on the outer wall. The stems, branches, and buds of Damaohua had dense, long pubescence. The buds of L. japonica No. 16 were densely covered, with glandular hairs and acicular hairs. The pollen grains of L. japonica No. 1, L. japonica No. 15, and L. japonica No. 23 were blunt triangular spheres or spheroids, with sparse, thorn-like ornamentations on the outer wall. The morphological characteristics of the pollen grains of L. japonica varieties provide a palynological basis for variety classification and identification.

To study the pilot-scale purification process and bacteriostatic effect of hypocrellin during the pilot-scale production, we extracted hypocrellin using different solvents and extraction methods. Then, we investigated the purification effects of the hypocrellin using salting-out, physical cooling, and ultrafiltration methods. The results showed that the amount of hypocrellin extracted using the jet pulverization method could reach up to 21.4 mg/g, and its density could exceed 90% after its purification via ultrafiltration. The analysis of the bacteriostatic activity of hypocrellin showed that it had good thermal stability and inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. We found that hypocrellin has natural antibacterial properties and good thermal stability, is easy to extract and purify, and can be used as a bacteriostatic drug in medicine and other applications.

In this study, we have developed a novel method for the simultaneous determination of calycosin 7-O-glucoside, hesperidin, and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in Buzhongyiqi Pills based on UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS using Hypersil Gold C₁₈ chromatographic column. The gradient mobile phase comprised acetonile as well as water containing 0.1% formic acid. The flow rate, column temperature, and injection volume were 0.4 mL/min, 40 ℃, and 1 μL, respectively. Mass spectrometer was operated using an electrospray ionization source in the positive ion mode for detection. The scan range was 100~1 500 m/z. Quantification was performed by extracting the accurate mass of the target compounds.The linear ranges of calycosin 7-O-glucoside,hesperidin, ammonium glycyrrhizinate were 0.089 1~1.425 0 μg/mL,0.098 4~12.600 0 μg/mL, and 7.425 0~29.700 0 μg/mL (r≥0.999 3), respectively. Furthermore, the limits of detection were 5.57 ng/mL, 4.10 ng/mL, and 5.80 ng/mL, respectively, while the limits of quantitation were 22.26 ng/mL, 12.30 ng/mL, and 23.20 ng/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated good precision, repeatability, and sample stability. Spike recoveries were 91%~105%(δ_RSD≤5.0%,n=6). This method is simple, accurate, and highly sensitive, which is suitable for the simultaneous determination of calycosin 7-O-glucoside, hesperidin, and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in Buzhongyiqi Pills.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Huanglian Wendan Decoction in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis by network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The active ingredients and drug target genes of Huanglian Wendan Decoction were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform. The H. pylori associated gastritis disease-related targets were found by the GeneCards and DisGENET databases, and the common target genes of diseases and drugs were obtained via the Venny online mapping tool. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software and the STRING database were used to construct a drug-compound-target interaction network and a protein-protein interaction network diagram, respectively. Gene ontology function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the DAVID database. The target proteins and active ingredients with the top three selection scores were selected for molecular docking using Autodocktools 1.5.6 software. A total of 127 active ingredients of Huanglian Wendan Decoction were screened, such as quercetin, nobiletin, and naringenin. A total of 101 potential target proteins were obtained, such as Akt1, JUN, TNF-α, and STAT3, which involved 90 signal pathways, including the p53 signal pathway, NOD-like receptor signal pathway, and TNF signal pathway. Molecular docking results revealed that the key targets, STAT3, TP53, and Akt1, had high affinity for the active ingredients quercetin, nobiletin, and naringenin. In addition, Akt1 had the highest binding affinity for naringenin. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis predicted the action target and related signal pathway of Huanglian Wendan Decoction in the treatment of H. pylori associated gastritis, which will provide a theoretical basis for clinical application and subsequent experimental research.

To investigate the major active ingredients and mechanism of Shiweiyipi Granules in treating spleen deficiency and food syndrome. With the help of related papers and the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform, we obtained the major chemical compounds of 10 medicines from Shiweiyipi Granules in order to construct a chemical composition library. We also built a related target library using multiple databases. In addition, disease targets related to food accumulation and spleen strengthening were obtained from the Genecards, OMIM, and TTD databases. The chemical compositions-potential targets network was used to screen the key components and targets. The core components and targets were selected through the TCM-key components-key targets disease network; the core components were analyzed using the SwissADME database; and the CB Dock website was used for molecular docking. The results revealed that quercetin, poricoic acid A, poricoic acid C, and β-sitosterol were the core compounds of Shiweiyipi Granules, whereas CA2, PTGS1, and PTGS2 were the core targets of Shiweiyipi Granules. The molecular docking results showed that the core ingredients had a good affinity for the core targets. This study provided a theoretical basis and data support for further interpretation of the action mechanism and clinical application of Shiweiyipi Granules.

To investigate the diversity of microbial communities and to obtain culturable strains from healthy and rusty root-rot rhizosphere soil samples of Panax quinquefolius L., it is necessary to provide a reference for the occurrence mechanism and prevention and control strategies for rusty root-rot. Traditional isolation and high-throughput sequencing were used for analyzing the healthy and rusty root-rot soil samples of Panax quinquefolius L. to explore their structural composition and diversity. In total, 24 strains of bacteria and 25 strains of fungi were isolated using the traditional isolation techniques, and the dominant genera were Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Penicillium. The results of Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing revealed that Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria dominated the bacterial communities in the healthy and rusty root-rot soil samples. Notably, the phylum proportions of Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes in the rusty root-rot soil samples significantly decreased, whereas those of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria significantly increased. Furthermore, the bacterial diversity of the infected rusty root-rot rhizosphere soil decreased significantly. In conclusion, the composition and quantity of soil microbial communities were significantly different between the healthy and rusty root-rot soil samples, and this provides a theoretical basis for the study of the occurrence mechanism and prevention and control strategies for rusty root-rot Panax quinquefolium L.

Because of low temperatures in northern China during winter, straw with low decomposition efficiency is directly returned to the field, making pathogen accumulation easy. To promote in-situ decomposition of straw and reduce the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, a strain of Trichoderma, C47-3, which degrades straw at a low temperature, was obtained through low temperature culture combined with cellulase, hemicellulase, and laccase activity screening. The strain was inoculated in straw liquid medium, and the straw degradation rate was 22.28% after 15 days of cultivation at 15 ℃. Morphological observation and molecular biology analysis revealed that the strain was Trichoderma paratroviride. The Trichoderma strain C47-3 and its volatile substances inhibited the growth of eight pathogens, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Rhizoctonia cerealis, and Botrytis cinerea, and the inhibition rate of Fusarium pseudograminearum was greater than 60%. The screened Trichoderma strain C47-3 can improve straw decomposition efficiency at low temperatures and has biocontrol potential, providing strain resources for the efficient utilization of corn straw after returning to the field in winter and the biological control of soil-borne diseases in northern China.

Because TiAl alloys are susceptible to fatigue cracking on their surfaces due to cyclic loading when used at high temperatures, it is necessary to treat their surfaces to improve their mechanical properties. In this study, TiAl alloy was subjected to shot peening tests at room temperature, using 0.2 mm diameter steel shots at 0.7 MPa air pressure. The shot peening simulation studies were conducted using ABAQUS finite element analysis software. Subsequently, the shot-peened specimens were heat treated at different temperatures and holding times. The cross-sectional microstructures of the specimens were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the residual compressive stresses on the surfaces were measured using an X-ray residual stress meter, and the surface microhardness after heat treatment was measured using a microhardness meter. The results showed that many pits and lamellar protrusions appeared on the surface of TiAl alloy after shot peening, and obvious plastic deformations and numerous deformation twins appeared at the secondary surface. The residual compressive stress on the surface of the TiAl alloy after heat treatment decreased as the holding time and heat treatment temperature increased. Hardness followed a similar trend as the residual stress; however, when the heat treatment temperature was raised to 1 200 ℃, the hardness increased due to the change of metallographic organization and a significant increase inα₂ phase content.

Several high-strength fastening bolts were found broken on a railway steel bridge. Failure analysis of these bolts was performed to determine why they fractured and to prevent future bolt fractures. The fracture morphology, microarea-chemical analysis of the fracture, microstructure and hardness of the bolts, compositional contents, and mechanical properties of the bolt steel were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, optical microscopy, a Rockwell hardness tester, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and an electronic universal testing machine, respectively. The results indicate that the compositional contents, hardness, and mechanical properties are consistent with the 20MnTiB steel standard. In addition, dendritic cracks can be observed in the fracture initiation zones of the fastening bolts and the corrosion products in the cracks contain sulfur.The fastening bolts are subjected to cyclic loads in normal working conditions. Therefore, fractures of the fastening bolts were caused by corrosion fatigue fractures under cyclic loads. The cracks initiated at the root of the screw thread or the connecting point between the stud and nut, which are particularly vulnerable to stress corrosion cracks caused by the presence of sulfur.

The improvement of the resilience of transportation hubs is crucial to cope with the pressure brought by a sudden large passenger flow on the transportation system. Based on the layout of the internal facilities of transportation hubs, the potential passenger evacuation paths are abstracted as a network diagram comprising nodes and links. From the perspective of changing the passenger evacuation paths, an optimization model is proposed herein for sudden large passenger flow evacuation while opening the emergency channels. The emergency channels that are normally closed can be opened for evacuation when there is a sudden large passenger flow. The passenger flow between each origin and destination and the potential passenger evacuation paths are pregiven. A passenger evacuation optimization model is presented to minimize the generalized cost including the passenger evacuation time and the cost of opening the emergency channels. The chaotic ant colony algorithm is designed to solve the model and obtain the optimal passenger evacuation scheme. Finally, Beijing South Railway Station is taken as a case study to verify the model and algorithm. Results show that in case of a sudden large passenger flow, opening emergency channels with appropriate location and number can effectively shorten the evacuation time of passengers. The results obtained in this paper provide a theoretical support for improving the resilience of urban transportation hubs from the perspective of their internal facility planning and layout and the optimization of passenger evacuation.

This paper analyzes the morning peak-period commuting pattern in the one-to-many mass transit system. The cost composition is analyzed considering the heterogeneity of the passengers' sensitivity to crowding in public transport. Passengers make trade-o?s between travel time, crowding, and schedule delay costs, and make their optimal time-of-use decision to establish an equilibrium travel model. We deduce the following equilibrium properties of the morning peak-period commuting in a one-to-many mass transit system: Passengers of the same destination disperse in continuous train services and the cumulative number of passengers increase with the closeness to the optimal arrival trains; if there are people taking a specific train at two consecutive stations, then the total number of people who board a specific train at subsequent stations is constant; different passengers with the same destination can be mixed at most on one train; and passengers who are sensitive to crowding will take the train far from the expected arrival time, while passengers who are not sensitive to congestion will do the opposite. The results of the study are conducive in deepening the understanding of transit riding behavior, providing auxiliary support for transportation dispatch management and further improving the related research on the transit equilibrium model.

Autonomous transportation system (ATS) is a new generation of transportation system proposed in response to the new development trend of active intelligent transportation. To scientifically and reasonably construct the functional architecture of the ATS, an optimized Density Peak Clustering (DPC) algorithm for multiattribute text is proposed in this paper. Combined with the basic characteristics of the functional architecture of a traffic system, the algorithm converts multiattribute text into spatial dimension coordinates through improved term frequency-inverse document frequency algorithm and text vector space model. Gaussian function and decision value were used to optimize the DPC algorithm for clustering, and the clustering result was evaluated using a contour coefficient. To test the rationality of the algorithm, this paper uses the functional datasets of road-carrier operation service domain, traffic infrastructure management service domain, and traffic-safety management service domain in ATS to perform an analysis as an example and draws functional architecture diagrams according to the clustering results. The architecture diagram comprises four layers of autonomous perception, autonomous learning, autonomous decision, and autonomous response, thus forming a scientific analysis method for functional architecture in ATS application scenarios. The results of the example show that the proposed algorithm is robust and the average value of the contour coefficient of the example is 0.84. Compared with the original algorithm, the problem of difficulty in defining the clustering center in the process of clustering is solved. Compared with other architecture designs in the intelligent transportation system, the functional architecture is more hierarchical and logical. This optimization algorithm can promote the construction of the functional architecture of the new generation of transportation system and the development of the theoretical system of the ATS.

In an autonomous driving system, the system needs to accurately identify the driver's intention to help them drive safely in complex traffic scenarios. Aiming at the issue of low accuracy of driver intent recognition and lacking consideration of the influence of optimized features on the accuracy of the model currently, a driver intention recognition method based on a time series model is proposed using deep learning knowledge. The method is based on Attention mechanism and incorporates Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), introducing own and environmental information of the vehicle as spatiotemporal input to capture the spatial interaction and temporal evolution of surrounding vehicles. The method can simultaneously predict the driver intention in both lateral and longitudinal directions of the target vehicle and is trained and verified on the actual road dataset next generation simulation. The experimental results show that the proposed CNN-LSTM-Attention model can accurately predict the driver's driving intention in the highway environment, which has obvious advantages over the LSTM and CNN-LSTM model and provides an effective guarantee for the safe operation of the automatic driving system.

Owing to the problems of drying high-humidity and high-viscosity sludge, this paper analyzes the water characteristics and drying characteristics of municipal sludge to optimize the design of the key components of ordinary rotary cylinder dryer and conduct industrial simulation test. The results show that the self-cleaning and dispersing rotary cylinder dryer with internal self-cleaning components such as chains, scraping plates, and dispersing shafts has better a antisticking and antiagglomeration effect as well as higher drying power and more ideal drying effect than the ordinary rotary drum dryers. It provides useful theoretical support for the development and application promotion of municipal sludge deep dewatering processes and devices.

As one of the three plains in China, the North China Plain is prone to large-scale and long-term pollution processes during the heating season due to its special geographical location, large number of heavy industry enterprises and higher pollution emissions in the season. The PM_2.5 concentration in the North China Plain is significantly higher than that in the surrounding areas during the heating season. To better understand the impact of weather system and meteorological elements on urban air quality in the North China Plain during the heating season, 50 cities in the North China Plain (32° to 40° N and 114° to 120° E) were selected as the research objects to analyze the impact of meteorological conditions on large-scale high pollution processes during the heating seasons from 2015 to 2021. Results show that when high pollution occurred in the North China Plain, the curvature of 500 hPa circulation decreases and is straighter. Due to the increased probability of temperature inversion, the horizontal and vertical directions were more stable, and the diffusion ability of pollutants was weakened. Near the surface, the abnormal southerly winds in Henan and central and southern Shandong led to regional warming and humidification, which was conducive to the growth of particle moisture absorption and secondary transformation. The abnormal easterly or northeasterly winds in central and western Hebei led to the accumulation of pollutants on the east side of Taihang Mountain, causing widespread pollution processes in the piedmont. They also formed wind convergence with the abnormal southerly winds in Henan and central and southern Shandong, diffusion conditions were unfavorable. The analysis of a pollution process from January 20, 2021 to January 28, 2021 shows that the upper air circulation in the North China Plain during the pollution was relatively straighter., the ground was mainly controlled by the pressure equalization field, and the main type was calm wind, and the humidity was continuously high. Unfavorable diffusion conditions were the main cause of this pollution process.

A portable electrocardiogram(ECG) monitoring device is designed for people with arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, premature beats, and other heart diseases, and it is used for disease detection and prevention. In this paper, the RT1025 front-end ECG signal acquisition chip is studied first, followed by the development of a denoising infinite impulse response filtering algorithm for common noise such as electromyogram noise and 50 Hz power frequency interference, and the completion of program design for ECG data acquisition and communication. This equipment is stable in working condition, simple in data acquisition and control, and serves as a model for the design of portable ECG acquisition equipment. It is also important for the prevention and real-time monitoring of cardiovascular diseases.

The study aims to analyze the anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) dosing pattern of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) using data mining and network pharmacology, and to explore the possible mechanisms of core TCM. The CNKI database was searched to retrieve TCM prescriptions for treating RSV studies. SPSS Statistics 26.0 was used to classify and explore the qualified TCMs on their frequency, nature, taste, four qi and five flavors and their efficacy. Systematic cluster analysis was performed on the TCMs with a frequency greater than five. The compounds and targets were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systematic pharmacology analysis platform. The above targets were then matched with the RSV disease targets obtained from GeneCards/OMIM database to obtain the key targets of high frequency anti-RSV TCM. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of the key targets was performed using the STRING platform, DAVID database, and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis. Finally, the Chinese herbal medicine-active ingredient-key target-pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and topology analysis was performed. Ninety-one TCM compound prescriptions were identified which involves 121 TCMs that met the criteria. Among them, heat-clearing drugs, phlegm-relieving, cough-suppressing, and asthma-suppressing drugs were mostly found, with the majority attributed to the lung and liver meridians, mainly cold, warm, flat, bitter, pungent, and sweet. Ephedrae Herba, Scutellariae Radix, licorice, and Amygdalus Communis Vas had the highest cumulative frequency and were clustered into one category. A total of 126 active ingredients of Ephedra Herba, Scutellariae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, and Armeniacae Semen Amarum were obtained. A total of 110 anti-RSV key targets were obtained, the core targets include GSR, TP53, SOD1, etc., cancer pathway, fluid shear and atherosclerosis pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, blood lipids and atherosclerotic lipids, etc.

This research aims to study the mechanism of Xiaoqinglong Decoction in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on network pharmacology. The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) online tool was used to screen the active ingredients of Xiaoqinglong Decoction. PubChem, SwissTargetPrediction, and TCMSP databases were used to obtain the potential targets of eight traditional Chinese medicines. OMIM, DisGeNET, and GeneCards databases were used to obtain COVID-19 and delta variant of COVID-19 related targets. The intersecting targets of eight traditional Chinese medicines and Xiaoqinglong decoction and COVID-19 were screened using online tool Venny 2.1, and a Venn diagram was prepared. The Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct Xiaoqinglong Decoction-components-(COVID-19)-target network. After using STRING database to collect data, protein-protein interaction network was built online. Metascape database was used for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis maps were plotted using Weishengxin online plotting tool. Molecular docking was performed using the AutoDockTools 1.5.6 software. A total of 169 active ingredients, 1 363 targets of Xiaoqinglong Decoction, and 292 intersecting targets of drugs and diseases were screened. A total of 2 393 biological process, 168 cell components, 264 molecular functions were obtained via GO enrichment analysis. A total of 225 pathways were obtained via KEGG. Molecular docking showed that the core components of Xiaoqinglong Decoction screened in this study combined well with the COVID-19 related targets. Xiaoqinglong Decoction could treat COVID-19 through TNF, AKT1, GAPDH, IL-6, ALB, TP53, IL-1β, VEGFA, STAT3, EGFR, and other targets and participate in MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetes complications, and other pathways.

The potential action mechanism of aurantii fructus immaturus and magnoliae officinalis cortex in the treatment of slow transit constipation (STC) was investigated via network pharmacology and metabolomics.The chemical ingredients and targets of aurantii fructus immaturus and magnoliae officinalis cortex were obtained using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. The disease prediction targets of STC were collected through the GeneCards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases. The intersection targets of ingredients and diseases were obtained using Venn diagrams. The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction network. The Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to calculate and screen the key targets, and then the network diagram of TCM-ingredient targets was plotted. The gene ontology(GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the intersection targets were performed using the Metascape database. A loperamide-induced STC mouse model was used in the study. After intragastric administration of aurantii fructus immaturus and magnoliae officinalis cortex, GC/TOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomics of cecal contents was performed to analyze differential metabolites. A total of 24 active ingredients and 106 intersection targets were obtained. The key targets with higher degree values included AKT1, TNF, TP53, IL6, CASP3, and JUN. GO analysis revealed that the possible processes were cellular response to nitrogen compound, cellular response to lipid, positive regulation of protein phosphorylation, regulation of inflammatory response, regulation of ion transport, etc. KEGG analysis revealed the pathways involved in cancer, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the calcium signaling pathway, serotonergic synapse, etc. In addition, 21 differential metabolites were found via untargeted metabolomics, including the Akt-associated metabolites nicotinic acid, fructose, and protocatechuic acid. The results suggested that aurantii fructus immaturus and magnoliae officinalis cortex exerted therapeutic effects on STC via multi-ingredient, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms, thereby providing ideas and a theoretical basis for future basic research. The active ingredients naringenin and lignan, as well as the key target Akt and its related metabolites, deserves special attention.

To study the mechanism of Guishaozhenxian Tablet in the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on network pharmacology. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform was used to retrieve the active ingredients and action targets of Guishaozhenxian Tablet, and the standard gene was transformed using the UniProt database. The OMIM, GeneCards, and DrugBank databases were searched for disease targets related to TLE, and the intersection targets of Guishaozhenxian Tablet in the treatment of TLE were obtained using a Venn diagram. The medicinal herb-component-target network diagram was constructed using the Cytoscape 3.8.2 software, and the core components and key molecular targets were analyzed.Gene Ontology enrichment and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes were used to analyze the biological processes and related pathways. The first three key targets and their corresponding top two core compounds were validated using molecular docking. In total, 127 active ingredients and 46 related targets were identified, with 14 ingredients, including β-sitosterol, quercetin, and kaempferol, playing a central role in 11 key targets such as CALM1, SCN5A, and GSK3B. The anti-TLE effect was primarily due to biological processes (regulation of membrane potential, response to drug, etc.), cell components (postsynaptic membrane, dendrites, etc.), molecular functions (channel activity, calmodulin binding, etc.), neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, nicotine addiction, and other related pathways. Molecular docking results showed that CALM1, SCN5A, and GSK3B had good binding abilities with core compounds. Guishaozhenxian Tablet can reduce oxidative damage; protect neurons; affect ion channels and receptors, intracellular signal transduction, apoptosis, and synaptic structure; and exert anti-TLE effects via multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathway coordination.

Based on the research methods of network pharmacology, we discuss the potential mechanism of Wangbi formula in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in this article. The chemical components and action targets of the Wangbi formula were extracted using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The RA-related targets were retrieved from the GeneCards database, the intersection targets of drugs and diseases were obtained using a Venn diagram, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network information was obtained using the STRING database. Moreover, the Cytoscape software was used to create the network diagram of drug-active ingredient-target-diseases and PPI, and the common targets were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) from the DAVID database. Furthermore, the Sybyl-x 2.1.1 software was used for molecular docking validation. Screening yielded 32 active ingredients and 99 related targets, and the core targets were found to be IL-6, TNF, ATK1, PTGS2, VEGFA, etc. The GO function enrichment analysis mainly involved biological processes, such as positive regulation of RNA polymerase II promoter transcription, whereas KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involved TNF, T-cell receptor, toll-like receptor, osteoclast differentiation, and other signaling pathways. The molecular docking results revealed that the core components, such as kaempferol, triptolide, naringenin, kaempferoside, and prickly shank anthocyanin, demonstrated good binding activity with the core targets, such as IL-6, TNF, ATK1, PTGS2, and VEGFA. This study provided a preliminary explanation of the multicomponent and multitarget mechanisms that may underlie the Wangbi formula's potential mechanism of action in the treatment of RA.

The energy conversion efficiency of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPPbI₃) perovskite solar cells is closely related to the quality of the perovskite film. To obtain high quality perovskite films, the film preparation method and process were optimized. It was found that the green solvents, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate and glycerol, can promote nucleation of PbI₂ particles, provide heterogeneous nucleation sites for CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite crystals, and thus facilitate the rapid growth of perovskite crystals. Compared to perovskite films treated with the common toxic solvent chlorobenzene, films treated with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate and glycerol have larger grain size, lower root-mean-square value, and greater surface roughness optimization. This can result in a uniform, full-coverage perovskite film that is close to the perovskite carrier diffusion length. The performance of devices under different treatment conditions was tested and it was found that compared to CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite solar cells treated with chlorobenzene (energy conversion efficiency of 17.86%), the device treated with green solvent glycerol had the highest efficiency of 21.60%, which is an increase of nearly 21%. These experimental results have some reference value and guiding significance for researchers in this field to obtain environmentally friendly high-quality perovskite type solar cells in the future.

Inclusions have an impact on the fatigue strength and fatigue life of steel, but inclusions in large samples cannot be accurately imaged using X-ray micro computer tomo-graphy(X-ray micro-CT). This study provides a novel approach to obtain the three-dimensional morphology of inclusions in large steel samples. To realize the three-dimensional features of inclusions in large alloy samples, this study used a nonaqueous electrolysis method to obtain inclusions; then scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe and analyze the electrolyzed inclusions.Furthermore, the electrolyzed inclusions were aggregated into cylindrical samples and finally scanned with X-ray micro-CT to obtain their three-dimensional information, and the obtained dimensional data of the inclusions were statistically analyzed.

The Exfresh fiber is a new type of modified acrylic fiber with fine denier and antibacterial properties; it is fabricated by adding an antibacterial agent to the spinning stock solution. The surface morphologies, mechanical properties, moisture absorption properties, specific resistance, friction properties, and curling properties of the Exfresh and ordinary acrylic fibers were tested and compared in this study. The elemental composition and chemical bonds of the two fibers were analyzed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the moisture-absorbing quick-drying and moisture-absorbing heat-generating properties of the Exfresh blended fabrics were tested. Results showed that the Exfresh fiber featured a circular cross-section, rough longitudinal surface and dense grooves as well as a low linear density, excellent mechanical properties, and high spinnability. Additionally, it has a lower specific resistance and higher friction coefficient than the ordinary acrylic fiber, thereby making it difficult to produce static electricity. Results of the XPS analysis showed that the added antibacterial agent was a quaternary ammonium salt. Additionally, the evaporation rate of an Exfresh fiber-blended fabric is bigger than 0.18 g/h, and its maximum moisture-absorbing heat-generating temperature rise is bigger than 4 ℃. Moreover, it exhibits excellent moisture-absorbing quick-drying and moisture-absorbing heat-generating properties, and can be used to develop multifunctional fabrics.