Table of Content

20 June 2011 Volume 24 Issue 3

  

Content

Power law behaviors in natural and social phenomena and the double Pareto lognormal distribution

FANG Zheng, WANG Jie

J4. 2011, 24(3):  1-12. 

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       Power law behaviors are ubiquitous in natural and social phenomena. How to accurately describe such behaviors and provide reasonable explanations of why such behaviors occur, however, has long been a standing open problem. The double Pareto lognormal distribution offers, from the stochastic process point of view, a viable approach to this problem. This article elaborates the mathematical concept of the double Pareto lognormal distribution and provides an overview of natural and social phenomena that exhibit such distribution. These include the number of friends in social networks, Internet file sizes, stock market returns, wealth possessions in human societies, human settlement sizes, oil field reserves, and areas burnt from forest wildfire.

Existence of sign changing solutions of a nonlinear operator equation and its application in a Hammerstein integral equation

JI Hong-Wei

J4. 2011, 24(3):  13-17. 

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    This paper addressed the existence of signchanging solutions of a nonlinear operator equation with cone theory in space. This paper also applied the acquired result to a Hammerstein integral equation.

NHPI/MnSO₄ catalyzed oxidation of p-Nitrotoluene to p-Nitrobenzoic acid

ZHENG Li-Wen, CHEN Guan-Hong, KONG Xue, QIU Wei-Zhong, CHI Jian-Guo, WANG Jia-Ning

J4. 2011, 24(3):  18-21. 

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       This paper presented NHPI/MnSO₄ catalyzed oxidation of p-Nitrotoluene to p-Nitrobenzoic acid with glacial acetic acid as solvent and oxygen as an oxidant. We optimized the reaction conditions for this chemical reaction. The conversion rate of p-Nitrotoluene and the production rate of p-Nitrobenzoic acid reached 91.3% and 82.5% under these optimum conditions, so this catalytic reaction has better application prospect.

SbCl₃ catalyzed synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinones under solvent-free condition

MA Jin-Guang, ZHANG Ji-Ming, ZHOU Jian-Hua

J4. 2011, 24(3):  22-26. 

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       We synthesized a series of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones with SbCl₃ as a catalyst and no solvent. The acquired optimal reaction conditions are molar ratio of one aromatic aldehydes, oneβ-dicarbonyl compound and one and a half urea, 0.1 mol catalyst per mol aromatic aldehydes and reaction temperature 70℃. This synthesis method has higher recovery rate and shorter reaction time and can deliver simpler operation, as compared with other traditional Biginelli reactions.

A simple method for simultaneously determining stiochiometry and stability constants of polynuclear complex

LI Ke-Qun

J4. 2011, 24(3):  27-31. 

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       To avoid the complexity of existing stability constant determination methods for polynuclear complexes, we presented a new determination method by using the maximum distribution coefficients of polynuclear complex ions. This method works with simple principle and calculation, needs no programming, and can determine the stoichiometry of polynuclear complex ions existing in solution. We employed the firstorder partial differentials, logarithmic value of total metal concentration in solution against negative logarithmic values of free metal concentration and that against free ligand concentration, and the factor alternation method to obtain experimental conditions for determining the stability constant.Computational results of two polynuclear complexes, which were used to verify the acquired formula, are in accordance with real values.

Research advances of nutrient sensors in marine monitoring

WANG Hong-Liang, GAO Yang, CHENG Tong-Lei, LIN Guo-Xing, MA Ran

J4. 2011, 24(3):  32-36. 

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       Nutrients are necessary substance basis for the growth of marine phytoplankton. Determining their marine distributions has significant meanings in understanding global geochemical cycles and forecasting the occurrence of HABs (Harmful algal blooms). Online nutrient sensors have been greatly improved during the past decades. This paper surveys their research advances in marine monitoring, introduces and compares their detection principles, ranges and limits, and presents their technical bottlenecks and development tendency.

Research advances of Neurospora crassa and its applications in fermentation industry

ZHANG Yan-Yan, LIU Pei-Hui, LIU Xin-Li

J4. 2011, 24(3):  37-42. 

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      Neurospora crassa is a kind of multicellular filamentous fungi and also a kind of important eukaryotic model organism. It  holds a significant position in such research area as modern genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology. This paper briefly presents its physiological characteristics and a survey of its molecular biology research, especially the advances of its application in fermentation industry.

Research on Haisongxin granules preparation process

LIU Xin, ZHANG Mian-Song, YUAN Wen-Feng, JIA Xue-Kui, ZHANG Yong-Gang, MENG Xiu-Mei, WANG Xiao-Jun, GU Ai-Rong, LIU Chang-Heng

J4. 2011, 24(3):  43-46. 

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        We employed the orthogonal experimental approach and took the content of total sugar, reducing sugar and the yield of extraction as measurement indices to select the optimum extraction process of Haisongxin granules. We selected the optimum ingredient ratio of their excipients according to hygroscopicity, granulation and dissolubility. The acquired optimal extraction process of Haisongxin granules is adding eight times the amount of water and extracting threetimes, 1.5 hours each time. The optimum formula is one portion of extract powder and two portions of excipients whose ingredient ratio is 50% sucrose and 50% dextrin. Experimental results show that this process is scientific, reasonable and feasible.

Preparation of reference material of solanesol from waste tobacco leaves

SHU Xi-Kai, LIN Xiao-Jing, WANG Dai-Jie, LIU Dai-Cheng, GENG Yan-Ling, LIU Jing, WANG Xiao

J4. 2011, 24(3):  47-50. 

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       This paper is to establish an approach to separate highpurity reference material of solanesol from tobacoo leaves. We initially obtained crude reference material of solanesol with petroleum ether extraction, dynamic saponification and silica gel chromatography. We then employed preparative highperformance liquid chromatography whose ingredient ratio was 60% methanol and 40% ethanol to refine and purify the acquired crude reference material of solanesol. The purified product whose structure was identified with ESI-MS,IR,¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR and whose purity of 99.7% was determined with HPLC satisfied the requirement of reference material. Such an approach is simple, rapid and reproductive and its product has quite high purity so it is suitable for the preparation of reference material of solanesol.

Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment Monitoring Technology,
Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266001, China

HUI Li, ZHAO Jie, LU Cheng-Jie

J4. 2011, 24(3):  51-54. 

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       We used a simple energy conservation based calculation method to compute the power of a solar cell and the capacity of a battery to guarantee continuous and stable operation of a solar power supply system of oceanographic instrumentation. The designed power supply system can well satisfy the requirement of an instrument for power supply in engineering applications.

Development of a FPGA based threephase power generator

XU Wen-Jian, BIAN Zheng-Lin, ZHOU Xiao-Ju

J4. 2011, 24(3):  55-58. 

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      We employ FPGA and auxiliary circuits to devise a 57 V and 50 Hz threephase power generator. We also perform functionality simulation with software Quartus II and inspect smoothness and stability of waveform with development platform DE2. This generator is devised with modularized structure and includes a signal generation module, a PWM module and some necessary auxiliary circuits. It has stronger functionalities, smaller volume, better flexibility and higher interference suppression capability, as compared with other similar products with identical functionalities. It therefore can provide convenient power supply for many experiments in industrial applications.

Design and implementation of a wireless sensor networks based localization and management system of an exhibition hall

YANG Yuan-Yuan, LIU Rui-Xia, ZHAO Xue

J4. 2011, 24(3):  59-63. 

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      A designed localization and management system of an exhibition hall includes wireless sensor networks modules and upper computer management software. It can perform real time remote localization for exhibition visitors. This system initially transmits location information acquired from visitors carried wireless nodes to a remote monitoring center. Its upper management software the analyzes the received data and stores the result position information in a database. Practical operation shows that the system is both stable and reliable and can also be applied to other localization scenarios.

Application of wavelet analysis in the processing of micro seismic signal

SONG Guang-Dong, LIU Tong-Yu, WANG Chang, ZHANG Zhen-Liang, QI Hai-Feng, WANG Jin-Yu

J4. 2011, 24(3):  64-68. 

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       We selected an appropriate wavelet basis for the processing of microseismic signal by investigating the characteristics of some wavelet bases. We also addressed the process of employing the wavelet toolbox in MATLAB to perform the processing of the measured micro seismic signal. Sym8 wavelet basis, the heuristic threshold selection rule, soft threshold function and five layer decomposition were employed to automatically suppress signal noise, which was shown to have better noise suppression effect. We drew a frequencytime wavelet coefficients chart and time frequency spectrum (TFS) by scale frequency conversion, which provided an effective approach for analyzing the characteristic of  signal time and frequency synchronization.

Design of a OpenLayers and TileCache based tourist sketch map

ZHANG Nan, ZHANG Hai-Yan

J4. 2011, 24(3):  69-74. 

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      This paper presents an OpenLayers and TileCache based WebGIS design scheme for the development of a tourist sketch map. OpenLayers is employed to exhibit a tourist sketch map, and TileCache is employed to cache a tourist sketch map. This design decreases development difficulty and cost, and increases display performance and interface functionality. It therefore achieves better customer experience.

Design of ultrasonic phased array based robot obstacle avoidance

LI Wen-Wen, YANG Ji-Min, LI Yan-Zhong, LI Da-Peng, YANG Juan

J4. 2011, 24(3):  75-78. 

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     We devise a twodimensional ultrasonic phased array for robot obstacle avoidance with the principle of Ultrasonic Phased Array. We also present a new focus scanning method and analyze the echo signal. We further implement real time detection for the obstacles ahead of a robot by focus of front m*n points.

Design and implementation of a wireless sensor networks based tailings monitoring and early warning system

MA Wen-Ke, WEI Nuo, FU Yong

J4. 2011, 24(3):  79-82. 

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      We devised a wireless sensor networks based on tailings monitoring and early warning system in view of the difficult cable deployment in such hostile environments. The system performs data acquisition, transmission and display with multi hop transmission of wireless adhoc networks. The system enables a tailing to be inspectable, preventable and controllable.It has a broad market prospect and application values.

Preparation of Celery Spices

JI Wen-Hua, GAO Gan-Shan

J4. 2011, 24(3):  83-86. 

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       This paper addressed preparation methods of dihydrocarvone, dihydrocarveol and dihydrocarvyl acetate with carvone as raw material and such steps as reduction, esterification, especially the ZnROH reduction. We employed NMR and ESIMS to determine the structures of these objective compounds. This synthesis process has such positives as low cost and high recovery rate (more than 80%), and has some references to industrial production.

Comparison between determination methods of reducing sugar in onion

LIN Yong-Xin, MA Yao-Hong, YANG Jun-Hui, MENG Qing-Jun

J4. 2011, 24(3):  87-89. 

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      We employed DNS reagent and reducing sugar analyzer methods to determine the content of reducing sugar in onion.The results show that the standard deviation and variation coefficient of reducing sugar analyzer method are less than those of DNS reagent method. The recovery rate of reducing sugar analyzer method is 101.7%.

Application of humanmachine[HJ0] interface in an eddy current testing control system

DONG Xin, DIAO Hong-Xian, HAN Xiao-Hua

J4. 2011, 24(3):  90-93. 

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       This paper presents the components of an eddy current testing instrument, its major functionalities, design and implementation of humanmachine interface (HMI) .This paper also gives a concrete implementation scheme of such an instrument. Experiment shows that the instrument is reasonable, stable and reliable and can realize intelligent and automatic detection. It therefore improves production efficiency.