Shandong Science

Distributed optical fiber acoustic seismic wave exploration technology

WANG Chang, SHANG Ying, WANG Chen , WANG Ying-ying, LIU Xiao-hui

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 1-8. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.001

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As conventional and easy-to-extract oil and gas resources are declining, the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources in complex geological areas will play an increasingly important role in reducing our country′s dependence on foreign oil and gas and ensuring national energy security. Oil and gas reservoirs in complex geological areas have the characteristics of thinner, deeper, and stronger heterogeneity. Effective exploration is difficult to achieve using the existing seismic wave detection technology. In this paper, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system for oil and gas seismic wave exploration and exploitation is designed. An optical cable is used as the sensor to detect the sound signal. Phase modulation/demodulation technology based on Rayleigh backscattering is adopted in a sound pressure sensitivity test that achieved a spatial resolution of 10 m and -145.35 dB. Further, field seismic exploration was conducted, seismic wave signal acquisition and processing were completed, and clear stratum information was obtained.

Influence of a baffle structure on the stirring effect of a biological stirred tank

DONG Wei, HAN Shao-bin, LIU Nai-you

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 9-13. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.002

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Using Fluent, the difference in the stirring effect of a biological stirred tank with and without baffle was calculated and compared. Based on the finite volume method, the RANS（Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes） model was used to simulate the flow field in the biological stirred tank, and the velocity distribution, pressure distribution and turbulent kinetic energy in the stirring process were obtained. The structural morphology of the flow field was analyzed. The results show that the larger the baffle width, the greater the velocity fluctuation, the greater the velocity vector change, and the greater the turbulent kinetic energy, which is helpful in improving the stirring effect of the biological stirred tank. According to the pressure distribution analysis, with or without a baffle, the minimum pressure in the biological stirred tank is 0.12 m away from the bottom of the tank. The minimum pressure with a baffle is lower than that without a baffle, The velocity vector in the flow field of the stirred tank with baffle exhibits a stronger cyclone effect, which could result in more intense chemical reaction occurring during the stirring process.

Numerical simulation of slope wave overtopping under the protection of fence panels

JI Jun-na

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 14-20. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.003

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Slope is a commonly coastal and reservoir protection engineering structure that is used to provides defense against the invasion of land from waves and currents. Based on the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent, a two-dimensional wave numerical flume was established. Under the condition of regular waves, the wave overtopping process of smooth slopes and slopes with fences was simulated. Results show that the fence panel exhibits a mitigation effect on the surging water body and can effectively improve the wave absorbing ability of the slope. Comparing the over-the-top wave volume of slopes with different gradients and different panel spaceings, the results show that the slope designed herein has a significant wave-eliminating ability under the conditions of small gradient and small spacing.

The mechanical design optimization of a spectrometer for in situ marine radioactivity monitoring

FENG Xian-dong, ZHANG Yun-yan, ZHANG Ying-ying, WU Bing-wei, HOU Guang-li

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 21-25. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.004

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To improve the detection performance of an NaI (Tl) spectrometer for in situ marine radioactivity monitoring, Monte Carlo simulation and statistical calculation methods were used to study and analyze the effect of mechanical design of spectrometer package, material, and size on detection performance. Considering the requirements of gamma ray attenuation, sealing, pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance, the mechanical optimization design of the spectrometer and on-site detection experiments were conducted. The minimum detectable activity of the optimized spectrometer was approximately 0.30 Bq/L for 40K, and the relative error of measurement was 0.45%. This study has important guiding significance for the performance optimization design and field application of gamma spectrometers for in situ marine radioactivity monitoring.

Quality control of berberine and leonurine in Lishitonglin Granules

YUAN Min, LIANG Rui-xue, LIU Qing

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 26-33. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.005

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A quality control method to quantify berberine and leonurine in Lishitonglin Granules via HPLC was established.The content of berberine was determined using the Diamonsil-C18 chromatographic column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) and acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(50:50,V/V)solution with 0.1 g sodium dodecyl sulfate per 100 mL of the solution as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 265 nm. The content of leonurine was determined using the Diamonsil-C18 chromatographic column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (24:76, V/V) containing 0.4% sodium octane sulfonate. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 277 nm. The results showed that berberine was linear in the range of 0.052~0.520 μg(r=0.999 6) and leonurine was linear in the range of 0.039 6~0.396 0 μg (r=0.999 1). Further, there was a good linear relationship between injection volume and peak area. The recovery rate of berberine was 98.51%~102.1%, with relative standard deviation(RSD) of 2.08% (n=6).The recovery rate of leonurine was 99.90%~102.6%, with RSD of 1.13% (n=6). The established method has high specificity, good reproducibility, and ease of operation and can be used for the quality control analysis of Lishitonglin Granules.

Analysis of flavonoids in mulberry leaves from different production areas

ZHANG Xian, LI Yue

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 34-39. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.006

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In this study, high performance liquid chromatography was performed to detect the content of six flavonoids in 22 batches of mulberry leaves purchased from different regions of the country. Precision, stability, repeatability, sample recovery rate, and flavonoid content were measured to determine the types and contents of flavonoids in mulberry leaves from different regions. The results showed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the chromatographic peak area detected by precision and stability tests were both <1%， this indicates that the detection instrument and operation meet the precision requirements. The amount of flavonoids considerably varied in mulberry leaves from different regions. Among them, the total amount of flavonoids in mulberry leaves collected from Bozhou, Anhui; Mianyang, Sichuan; and Yulin, Guangxi was high, followed by that in leaves collected from Shangqiu, Henan; Tongxiang, Zhejiang; Taixing, Jiangsu; and Xiangyang, Hubei. The total amount of flavonoids in mulberry leaves collected from Shaoyang, Hunan was the lowest. The results suggest that the content of flavonoids in mulberry leaves from different regions is different. The determination of the content of flavonoids in mulberry leaves via high performance liquid chromatography is easy to operate, stable, and repeatable.

Investigation of wild Chinese medicinal plant resources in Anqiu

DONG Xue, ZHONG Fang-xiao, LI Yan, ZHANG Hui-min, YU Bei-bei, WANG Xue-rong

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 40-44. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.007

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In order to comprehensively understand the status of wild medicinal plant resources in Anqiu, utilizing global positioning system, the methods of plot sampling, line sampling, and other common investigation strategies were adopted. Results show that a total of 335 wild plant species were found in Anqiu. Among them,272 kinds can be used as medicine,19 key wild medicinal species of Shandong and 99 species documented in pharmacopoeias. Six wild plants were discovered for the first time in Shandong. This survey can provide reliable data for the scientific protection, utilization, and development strategies of traditional Chinese medicinal resources in Anqiu. Moreover, the emergence of a new distribution pattern enriches plant species in Shandong.

Protective effect of peony seed oil microcapsule powder on isoniazid-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish

ZOU Hong-yuan, ZHU Cheng-yue, ZHANG Shan-shan, KONG Rui-qi, ZHANG Yun, LIU Ke-chun

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 45-51. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.008

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To evaluate the protective effect of peony seed oil microcapsule powder (PSO) on the developmental toxicity of isoniazid (INH). Zebrafish embryos developed to 2 h were treated with various concentrations of PSO. The mortality rate, hatching rate, and morphological changes of the juvenile fish were observed at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment to determine the tolerance dose of PSO to zebrafish. The protective effect of PSO on INH-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish was evaluated by mortality and morphological scoring.The results showed that PSO at 20, 40, 80 μg/mL concentrations had no effect on zebrafish development. At a concentration of 20 μg/mL, PSO alleviated deformity and mortality rates of juvenile zebrafish caused by INH. PSO had a protective effect on INH-induced developmental toxicity.

Applicability of a zebrafish thrombosis model in screening active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine

MO Cai-lian, LI Jie, WANG Jia-zhen, LIU Xin , LIN Sheng-hua, MOU Yan-ling, ZHANG Yun, LIU Ke-chun, HE Qiu-xia

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 52-59. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.009

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This study is aimed to investigate the applicability of zebrafish thrombosis model in the screening of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. In vitro platelet agglutination experiments and in vivo zebrafish thrombosis experiments were performed to detect the effects of monomers in traditional Chinese medicine material on platelet aggregation and thrombosis. We selected a 3~5-days-old transgenic TG line (integrin αIIb: enhanced green fluorescent protein) of platelet-labeled green fluorescent zebrafish and wild-type AB line zebrafish as screening models and used ferric chloride to induce thrombosis. The zebrafish were treated with 20 types of monomer components of traditional Chinese material, and clotting time was used as an indicator to investigate the effect of these samples on thrombosis in zebrafish. Simultaneously, the whole blood of rats was collected to prepare platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasma, and platelet aggregation rate was measured by a platelet agglutination instrument to detect the activity of monomer components of Chinese medicine material. There were seven types of monomer components of traditional Chinese medicine material demonstrated antithrombotic effects in zebrafish. For the first time, it was first found that aucubin had a significant inhibitory effect on thrombosis in zebrafish. The results of in vitro platelet aggregation test showed that 12 traditional Chinese medicine components inhibited platelet aggregation, of which the maximum inhibition of platelet aggregation (88.22%) was exhibited by 100 μg/mL salidroside. The seven types of monomer components of traditional Chinese medicine material found to have antithrombotic effects in zebrafish model exhibited good results in in vitro platelet aggregation experiments as well. The zebrafish thrombosis model has good adaptability to the screening of antithrombotic activity of traditional Chinese medicine.

Effect of different mass fraction of humic acid in compound fertilizers on the yield and quality of chilli

FAN Zhong-qing, GUO Xin-song, WU Qin-quan, CHEN Shi-geng, SONG Zhi, YU Xiao-dong, LI Qiao-yu, WANG Peng, DING Fang-jun, MA Xue-wen

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 60-66. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.010

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The study was carried out in field conditions and use conventional compound fertilizer as the control group to explore the effect of compound fertilizers containing 2%, 4%, 6%, or 8% humic acid on the yield and quality of chilli. The effect of humic acid-compound fertilizer treatment under continuous cropping conditions was investigated, 6% humic acid-compound fertilizer was conducted for four consecutive years and using conventional compound fertilizer as the control group. The results show that humic acid fertilization significantly improved the yield and quality of chilli, and the overall improvement was directly proportional to the dosage of humic acid. An evaluation based on benefit, yield, and various quality indicators concludes that compound fertilizer with 6% humic acid was the optimal ratio, which increased the yield by 14.07% in the first year compared to that in the control group. The application of humic acid-compound fertilizer effectively reduced the impact of continuous cropping on the yield and quality of chilli, and the combined decline in the yield and quality was significantly less than that in the control group. In the fourth year, the yield of 6% humic acid-compound fertilizer treatment was 33.6% higher than that of conventional fertilizer.

The disinfection effect of ozone water on soil-borne pathogenic fungi

LI Hong-mei, WEI Yan-li, HU Jin-dong, YANG Kai, LIU Bao-jun, YANG He-tong, LI Ji-shun

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 67-72. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.011

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For exploring the green methods of soil disinfection, the disinfection effects of ozone water at different mass concentrations on three soil-borne pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea, were studied. The results showed that ozone water in the mass concentration range of 1.0~5.0 mg/L has certain sterilizing effect on the spores of the three pathogenic fungi. The mass concentration of ozone water is the main factor affecting the sterilization rate, whereas the treatment time has no significant effect on it. Increasing the mass concentration of ozone water and the frequency of irrigation can significantly enhance the sterilization rate of the three pathogenic fungi in the soil. Irrigation of the soil with ozone water can significantly reduce disease incidence in plants. However, it leads to growth inhibition, and the introduction of Trichoderma can eliminate this inhibition.

Experimental study on the pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of the microporous surface of copper foam

MA Qing-zhao, CHEN Kang, GE Yi, FENG Jia-hui, HAN Ji-tian

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 73-79. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.012

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In this study, a new type of microporous surface for copper foam was prepared using an improved electroplating method. Further, the microstructure of the microporous surface of copper foam was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the experiment, deionized water was used as the working medium to investigate the pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of smooth and microporous surfaces, thereby obtaining their pool boiling heat transfer curves. Results show that under identical heat flux conditions, the vaporization core of the microporous surface has a high density in the nucleate boiling zone, which can effectively reduce the superheat associated with the initial boiling point of the wall and considerably increase the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient. Thus, this study proves that the microporous surface of copper foam can be used for the heat dissipation of high-power electronic devices such as semiconductor refrigeration systems.

Flow fields and dust concentration fields of rain shields in double-layer belt conveyors

HUANG Ting-xiang, HU Cheng-gong, JIANG Xiao-hui, SUN Xiao, CAO Liang, ZHAO Hong-xia

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 80-86. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.013

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A double-layer belt conveyor, which conveys coal on the upper belt and ash powder on the lower belt, is placed higher than the conventional singe-layer belt conveyor. To determine the most appropriate height of the rain shield to prevent ash powder from blowing out under strong crosswinds (velocity is 17 m/s), the Fluent software is used to numerically simulate the distribution of the flow fields and the dust concentration fields within the rain shield with or without crosswind based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow. The calculation results show that crosswinds strengthen the vortex formed between the double-layer belts and the ash powder may thus be blown out. When the crosswind velocity is 17 m/s, the vortex formed is not too strong and the ash powder will not be blown out of the rain shield. Under crosswind conditions, there is wind blowing with very high velocity(up to 55 m/s) on the top of the rain shield; as such, the stress exerted by the strong winds should be considered in the process of designing the strength of the rain shield. In the presence of crosswinds, the dust concentration in the rain shield is the highest at the junction of the coal conveying belt and coal pile, and is the second highest at the junction of the ash powder conveying belt and ash powder pile. When the crosswind velocity is 17 m/s, the dust concentration outside the rain shield is less than 4×10^-6 kg/m³, which meets the requirements of the Coalmine Safety Regulations.

An analysis method for suppressing interference from the reversible inhibitors of amperometric enzyme electrode biosensors

ZHU Si-rong, BI Chun-yuan, DU Yi, ZHANG Jin-ling, GAO Guang-heng, ZHANG Li-qun, ZHAO Xiao-hua, YANG Yan

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 87-94. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.014

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Enzyme inhibitor interference problems are often encountered when amperometric enzyme electrode biosensors are used in industrial fields. Test results of enzyme electrode biosensing detection tend to be significantly lower if enzyme activity inhibitors are present in samples. According to the detection principle of amperometric enzyme electrode biosensors, a testing method was designed to counter the interference of inhibitors. After the calibration of the biosensor, a single sample was first tested and then the same sample was added with a known standard sample and tested for the second time. The two tests were performed under the same conditions of enzyme inhibitors. Through a comparison of the results of two tests, the inhibition coefficient was calculated according to the determined response of the added standard sample at the second test.Finally, the unknown sample was calculated based on the result of the first test and inhibition coefficient. This analysis method can effectively eliminate the influence of enzyme inhibitors on the analysis and expand the application range of biosensors in industrial fields.

Index evaluation system for transportation function of metro transfer station

ZHENG Xuan-chuan, SHEN Yu, Dong Xiao-chun, LI Ming-hua, PU Shu

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 95-103. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.015

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Aiming at the systematic evaluation problem of metro transfer stations, an index evaluation system is established for the transportation function of metro transfer stations. The definition, calculation method, and scoring standard for each index are proposed. Moreover, a comprehensive index evaluation method based on the analytic hierarchy process is constructed, and the weight coefficient is discussed. A case study is conducted using seven transfer stations of Nanjing metro to verify the validity and practicality of the proposed index evaluation system. Results show that the second-level indicators can accurately reflect the current situation of the stations, and the stations can be classified based on the similarity of the index scores. Similar stations exhibit common characteristics. The index weight coefficient determined using the judgment matrix satisfies the consistency test, and the obtained first-level index score and total score can comprehensively evaluate the overall status of the station. Finally, considering the Liuzhoudonglu station as an example, an optimization of the station evaluation results is proposed, which confirms the applicability of the system.

Travel destination prediction method for urban rail transit passengers using spatiotemporal feature extraction

ZHU Shi-guang, SI Bing-feng, CUI Hong-meng, XUE Jing-wen

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 104-113. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.016

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To meet the real-time demand for passenger flow control and train dispatching in urban rail transit operation organizations, an online travel destination prediction method based on passenger origin destination(OD) spatiotemporal characteristics is proposed. First, the passenger OD spatiotemporal feature matrix is defined. Moreover, the automatic fare collection (AFC) history data of individual passengers are used as training samples, and an extraction method of passenger OD spatiotemporal features is proposed using stroke density clustering. Further, based on the matching rule analysis between the card-swiping information of passengers and their OD spatiotemporal feature matrix, the corresponding real-time destination prediction method is proposed for three matching cases. The AFC data of Nanjing rail transit are used to verify the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is effective in the prediction accuracy of rush hours and provides stable all-day prediction, which can provide a reference for subway operations.

Fault-tolerant analysis of3-ary n-cubes with conditional faults

QIN Xue-jiao

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 114-119. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.017

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In this paper, the size (the number of vertices) of larger connected components of 3-ary n-cubes with fault edges are obtained, and then it is proved that a 3-ary n-cube is (4n-6)-strong Menger edge connected under conditional edge faults. Finally, a counter example is given to show that the result is optimal.

Analysis of Kalman filter in dynamic deformation data in digital photography

AN Feng-liang, ZHANG An-mei, YANG Ming-hui, ZHONG Hua, SUN Xiao-chen

Shandong Science. 2021, 34(4): 120-126. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.04.018

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In this study, to reduce the impact of non-measureable noise on the measurement accuracy and to improve the monitoring accuracy of an engineering structure′s dynamic deformation in digital photography, the standard Kalman filter, variance-compensated Kalman filter, maximum posterior Kalman filter, and variance component Kalman filter are used to deal with the bridge elastic large deformation data; the Kalman filtering adaptability in dealing with dynamic deformation data is studied; and the advantages of employing variance component Kalman filter in data processing are quantified. It is found that the noise processing of variance component Kalman filter is stable and the error is small. This method is suitable for the processing of dynamic elastic small deformation noise in digital photography and exhibits good results in the processing of dynamic elastic large deformation noise in digital photography. Laboratory experiments on similar materials show that after data processing via variance component Kalman filter, the measurement error is less than 0.5 mm, which meets the accuracy requirement of deformation monitoring.

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