Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder caused by the physiologic disorders in purine metabolism, resulting in increased serum uric acid levels, which can lead to gout in severe cases. HUA pathogenesis primarily involves enzyme dysfunction, urate transporter expression dysregulation, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, and intestinal homeostasis disruption. Numerous studies have reported the effectiveness of natural polyphenols in alleviating hyperuricemia and gout. This article summarizes HUA pathogenesis and the mechanisms of action of polyphenolic compounds in reducing uric acid, to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of uric acid-lowering drugs.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by persistent mucosal inflammation.Scutellaria baicalensis (also known as Huangqin), as a common traditional Chinese medicines used in clinical practice, is known for its efficacy at clearing internal heat,eliminating dampness, purging fire,eliminating toxins, stopping bleeding, and calming fetal activity. Its formulations, including Huangqin Decoction, Peony Decoction, and Pueraria, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction, are often used to treat damp-heat UC. Studies have shown that S. baicalensis and its active ingredients play an important role in protecting the intestinal mucosa, and have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This study reviews the mechanism of action of S. baicalensisand its active ingredients (baicalin,baicalein,oroxindin, wogonin, Scutellaria baicalensis polysaccharide, etc.) in the treatment of UC in recent years, including the protection and repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier, the active ingredients anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, effects against antioxidative stress, and regulation of intestinal flora, to provide a reference for targeted clinical treatment of UC and drug development.

To understand the current distribution status of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resources in Gangcheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, in accordance with the unified requirements of the fourth national survey of TCM resources, the distribution of wild medicinal plant resources, and cultivation of TCM in Gangcheng District were investigated and sorted out through processes including field investigation, internal industry organization, and data analysis. The results showed that there are 180 species of wild resources in Gangcheng District, belonging to 65 families and 151 genera. Among them, the dominant families include Asteraceae, Leguminosae, and Cruciferae, among others. The reserves of wild Phytolacca, Rubia, and Leonurus are relatively large, and 69 species of wild resources are included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia; Cultivar include Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., Lonicera japonica Thunb., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, among which Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is a geographical indication resource. This resource survey provides a comprehensive understanding of the types and distribution of wild medicinal plant resources in Gangcheng District, providing a scientific basis for the development and utilization of regional TCM resources and the sustainable development of the TCM industry.

The survey of wild medicinal resources in Weining County, Guizhou Province was conducted using the sample plot and line transect methods, and the diversity and comprehensive value of the resources were analyzed based on the literature. The survey results showed that there are 130 families, 392 genera, and 658 species of wild medicinal plants in Weining County, mainly composed of dominant families such as Compositae, large families such as Polypodiaceae, and medium-sized families such as Pinaceae. It was found that perennial herbaceous plants are the most abundant, with their main medicinal parts being roots and rhizomes, as well as whole grasses. There were 17 families, 21 genera, and 22 species with reserves, including 11 species with high comprehensive value, such as Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino and Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep., indicating that the diversity of wild medicinal plant resources and overall comprehensive value is rich, and the wild medicinal plant resources are mainly cold and flat medicinal materials in Weining County. Targeted development, utilization, and research can be conducted on cold and balanced medicinal plant resources in Weining County, to strengthen the protection of wild medicinal plant resources with high comprehensive value and provide a basis for the sustainable development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the county.

Based on the component-antioxidant correlation model, the differences in the content of active components and the antioxidant function of different solvent extracts from artichoke bud were explored. Artichoke bud was extracted with water, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and 70% acetone. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were compared in the various extracts. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation scavenging capacity and the total reduction capacity were used to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The correlation between the main active ingredients and antioxidant capacity of different extracts from artichoke bud was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the levels of total polyphenols and total flavonoids in 70% ethanol extract were the highest, which were (9.14±0.12) mg/g and (13.46±0.42) mg/g, respectively. The extract with 70% methanol has the strongest antioxidant capacity. The IC₅₀ values of scavenging DPPH and ABTS⁺ were 0.43 mg/mL and 0.10 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, when the reducing capacity was 0.5, the mass concentration (A_0.5) of the extract was 6.42 mg/mL. The results of correlation analysis showed that the level of total polyphenols and total flavonoids were significantly correlated with the DPPH and ABTS⁺ scavenging capacity (P<0.01). The extract with 70% methanol was rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and possessed the strongest antioxidant capacity, which can provide a certain theoretical basis for further development and utilization of artichoke resources.

Analysis of changes in volatile components during the stir-frying process of Arecae Semen can provide references for quality control of raw and stir-fried Arecae Semen. The content of volatile components in Arecae Semen at different stir-frying times was analyzed via gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and chemometrics was applied to screen differential components. Thirty-one volatile components were identified in the Arecae Semen, including aldehydes, esters, organic acids, and ketones. The level of volatile components significantly changed after stir-frying. The results of chemometrics showed that the changes in the level of dimethyl trisulfide, isovaleraldehyde, and ethyl acetate were significant. Based on GC-IMS and chemometrics, the changes in volatile components during the stir-frying process of Arecae Semen were well described, and provided a basis for identification and quality control of Arecae Semen stir-fried for different times.

In order to provide basic data for the protection and sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resources in Shizhong District, Jinan, Shandong Province, the species composition and distribution of wild TCM resources, the reserves of key medicinal materials, and the situation of cultivated medicinal materials in Shizhong District of Jinan were sorted out and analyzed by field resource investigation, specimen collection, cultivated medicinal materials investigation, data summary, and analysis. According to the investigation of 36 plots and 1 080 prescriptions, 206 kinds of TCM resources were collected, belonging to 64 families and 162 genera. Among them, the major wild medicinal materials, such as platyclus, cypress seed, and sour jujube seed, were abundant, and the cultivated medicinal materials were mainly Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Polygonum multijiorum Thunb., Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC., and Lonicera japonica Thunb. Those are important measures to strengthen the protection of wild TCM resources, that strengthen the protection of wild TCM resources,guide the classification of TCM resources by regionalization, and carry out ecological planting of cultivated TCM and intercropping.

Herein, metabolites in plasma, urine and feces of rats were analyzed after oral administration of rutin and the metabolic pathway of rutin was evaluated. After intragastric administration of 250 mg/kg rutin, plasma, urine, and feces were collected and treated via solid phase extraction. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrapmass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS) was used with 0.05% formic acid water (A)-0.05% formic acid acetonitrile (B) as mobile phase gradient elution. The sample data were collected in positive- and negative-ion modes. The metabolites and metabolic pathway of rutin in rats were determined via high resolution extraction ion chromatography in the parallel reaction monitoring mode, combined with chromatographic retention time, accurate mass measurement and diagnostic ions.Twenty-nine rutin metabolites were detected and identified in positive and negative ion modes,and their main metabolic pathways were methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation and their compound reaction. The study provided the overall metabolic profile of rutin, which will provide a reference for further pharmacodynamic evaluation, development, and utilization in the future and offer a comprehensive research method for drug metabolism identification.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a network pharmacology approach. The active ingredients and targets of the Sanhuang Xiexin decoction were examined and screened using the systematic pharmacology database and the analysis platform of traditional Chinese medicine. AD-related targets were retrieved and screened through Gene Cards database, and drug and disease intersection targets were obtained through through Venn diagram.The STRING database was used to obtain the network information of protein-protein interaction (PPI). The Cytoscape was used to construct drugs-active ingredients-target-disease network and PPI,and DAVID database was used to analyze common targets in gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG). Furthermore, the Sybyl-x 2.1.1 software was used for molecular docking validation. The screening yielded 47 active ingredients and 71 related targets. Herein,the main active ingredients were quercetin, β-sitosterol, wogonin, baicalein, rivularin, and moslosooflavone; and the core targets were IL-6,TNF,IL-1β,VEGFA,TP53.The GO function enrichment analysis predominantly involved biological processes including drug response, hypoxia response, positive regulation of cell migration,and positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis.KEGG analysis mainly involved pathways such as cancer pathways, HIF-1 signaling pathways, and TNF signaling pathways.Molecular docking results showed the presence of a relatively strong binding ability between the core target and the core compounds, such as β-sitosterol and rivularin.This study preliminarily explained that the Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction can interfere with AD by modulating HIF-1, TNF, and other signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting Aβ aggregation and tau phosphorylation, blocking acetylcholinesterase activation, and suppressing inflammation.

This study aimed to devise a methodology for the simultaneous determination of the contents of nine primary components in Lonicerae japonicae flos through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The chemometric analysis of the nine primary components was performed via negative ion scanning. Further, chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Hypersil GOLD column at a temperature of 35 ℃. The mobile phase comprised methanol and water containing 0.2% formic acid, as determined through the cluster thermogram and principal component analyses of Lonicerae japonicae flos. The peak areas with concentrations of nine components exhibited a good linear relationship (R²>0.999 1), and the intraday (0.96%~2.26%) and interday (0.52%~3.04%) precisions and stability values (0.85%~2.15%) agreed well with relative standard deviation (RSD). The recovery rate was between 96.77% and 101.94%, and the RSD was between 2.48% and 4.01%. The results of the chemometric, hierarchical cluster, and principal component analyses revealed that there were considerable differences in the contents of the active ingredients of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from various regions, and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were considered as the dominant compounds. UPLC-MS/MS quantitative and chemometric analyses of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos performed herein may provide a reference for the modernization of and innovative research on the effective ingredients of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and related quantity effect relations as well as the quality control of related products.

To explore the effect of different slicing methods on the drying characteristics of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, the hot air drying at 40 ℃ and traditional air drying at room temperature were performed and the results were compared. Furthermore, the effect of different slicing methods (circular cutting and 45° oblique cutting) and slice thickness (2, 4, and 6 mm) on the drying characteristics of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma were investigated. Several water-loss kinetic models were adopted to quantitatively describe the drying characteristics. Results showed that the drying was mainly a falling rate period. The drying rate decreased with the decrease of the moisture content of the dry basis. Furthermore, the larger the slice thickness, the lower the drying rate and the longer the drying time. According to statistical parameters, the Page model predicted and described the drying process more accurately than others. The predicted value of the model was in good agreement with the experimental value, and it could well describe the drying process for different slicing methods. The research provides a guidance for further investigating Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma.

The study aimed to conduct a comprehensive study on the quality requirements for Knoxiae Radix processed with vinegar and to offer technical support for the formulation of the standard of Shandong Province Chinese herbal medicine processing specification. On the basis of the quality standard of vinegar-processed Knoxiae Radix in Shandong Province Chinese herbal medicine processing specification (2012), 29 batches of Knoxiae Radix samples were collected. Following vinegar processing, the parameters including characteristics, moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extract content, microscopic, and thin layer and content determination were systematically studied and analyzed and the relevant limits were formulated. The project was established on the basis of the current quality standard, in which the microscopic identification, and the lucidin content determination were added, and the extractum item were revised when compared with current quality standard. This study established the Knoxiae Radix quality control index after vinegar processing. The established method of quality control is simple, reproducible, and accurate which can be used for quality control of vinegar-processed Knoxiae Radix.

The mathematical formula for calculating the value of the feeding standard was developed, and the mode of quality risk management in traditional Chinese medicine preparations was constructed. The contents of peucedane A and peucedane B in three preparations containing Peucedani Radix (eight batches from four manufacturers) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography; the feeding standard values were calculated; and the quality risks of the preparations were evaluated. The quality risks of preparations were divided into four categories based on the value of the feeding standard, allowing for an effective evaluation of the risks of preparations. The established method can be used to evaluate the standardization of preparation feeding and detect quality risks in real time, providing a decision-making basis for risk classification management.