To prevent pedestrian safety accidents and optimize and help crowd security management in public places, the collection region distributions of crowd are studied at three common multidirectional flow intersections of 90°, 120° and single corridor two-way pedestrian flow using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCN) algorithms at different times based on a dataset from scenario experiments. Moreover, the clustering effect and parameter difference of the two algorithms are compared. Study results show the collection region distribution patterns and characteristic changes of the crowd. The clusters cannot remain in a stable clustering state but vary dynamically in 3 subject scenarios. The proposed method can be used to identify potential locations of crowd, observe hidden danger areas, provide evacuation facilities in advance in such areas, and protect the entire section to improve the efficiency and safety of the evacuation process.

In airport engineering, an arresting system is an important safety guard for an aircraft in case it slips out of the runway. It is particularly desirable to evaluate the validity and reliability of the arresting system to ensure the safety of aircraft. In this paper, carrier-based aircraft arresting cable is the main research subject. The arresting system is divided into three parts with specific functions in the process of arresting an aircraft: blocking function, buffering function, and guiding function. Quantitative indexes are established for the three functions, and mathematical function analysis method is used to determine the quantitative values of different indexes. Using the weight, the corresponding index evaluation values are obtained. Finally, using the triangle graph theory, the trend of the arresting system functions is analyzed to determine evaluation results to comprehensively evaluate the system. Taking an arresting system in an airport as an example, data is collected and evaluated during an arresting process. The results show that using the method for model evaluation function established in this paper, the evaluation values of various functions of the arresting system in a specific arresting process can be obtained. The values for blocking function, nonbuffering function, and nonguiding function are 0.83, 0.46, and 0.64 respectively, and can be used to judge the change trend of validity and reliability of the arresting system. The research results can provide reference for functions of the arresting system evaluation.

Aiming at the systematic evaluation problem of metro transfer stations, an index evaluation system is established for the transportation function of metro transfer stations. The definition, calculation method, and scoring standard for each index are proposed. Moreover, a comprehensive index evaluation method based on the analytic hierarchy process is constructed, and the weight coefficient is discussed. A case study is conducted using seven transfer stations of Nanjing metro to verify the validity and practicality of the proposed index evaluation system. Results show that the second-level indicators can accurately reflect the current situation of the stations, and the stations can be classified based on the similarity of the index scores. Similar stations exhibit common characteristics. The index weight coefficient determined using the judgment matrix satisfies the consistency test, and the obtained first-level index score and total score can comprehensively evaluate the overall status of the station. Finally, considering the Liuzhoudonglu station as an example, an optimization of the station evaluation results is proposed, which confirms the applicability of the system.

To meet the real-time demand for passenger flow control and train dispatching in urban rail transit operation organizations, an online travel destination prediction method based on passenger origin destination(OD) spatiotemporal characteristics is proposed. First, the passenger OD spatiotemporal feature matrix is defined. Moreover, the automatic fare collection (AFC) history data of individual passengers are used as training samples, and an extraction method of passenger OD spatiotemporal features is proposed using stroke density clustering. Further, based on the matching rule analysis between the card-swiping information of passengers and their OD spatiotemporal feature matrix, the corresponding real-time destination prediction method is proposed for three matching cases. The AFC data of Nanjing rail transit are used to verify the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is effective in the prediction accuracy of rush hours and provides stable all-day prediction, which can provide a reference for subway operations.

Subway parking lines with one train space are widely used in urban rail transit systems. However, in the process of train failure rescue , this method can accommodate only one train owing to their length limitations and will cause extra delay. Conversely, subway parking lines with two train spaces work better in train failure rescue, although higher requirements are imposed on engineering conditions and costs. This study designs eight different types of parking lines with two train spaces based on forms and setting principles of traditional parking lines with one train space, and performs a comparison analysis. Moreover, a railway simulation tool OpenTrack is used to simulate the suitability of parking lines with two train spaces during train failure rescue. Results show that each of the eight types of parking lines has its own applicative situation, and tandem parking lines exhibit better applicability among them. Furthermore, the parking lines with two train spaces can considerably reduce rescue delay time when they are set in the middle of the line away from the car depot. In the situation wherein only train failure rescue is considered, the tandem end-type parking lines are the best choice.

To ensure the safety of the surrounding environment in the excavation of foundation pits, taking the excavation of a deep foundation pit at a Xi'an subway station as an example, ABAQUS was used to establish a three-dimensional model to simulate the impact of excavation on the surrounding surface settlement and the deformation of the retaining structure. This study focused on the distribution of the surrounding surface settlement and the deformation of the retaining structure and compared the simulation results with actual monitoring data to guide site surface settlement monitoring. Analysis results show that the measured value is larger than the simulated value, but the change trend is the same. In the process of foundation pit excavation, the maximum ground settlement occurs at 11 m from the edge of the foundation pit, the maximum value being 3.29 mm; the horizontal deformation curve of the retaining structure along the excavation depth is a parabola, the maximum horizontal displacement occurs at 1/2 of the maximum excavation depth of the foundation pit, and the value is 11.05 mm. The ground settlement within 0~25 m from the long edge and 0~22 m from the short edge of the foundation pit is the largest, which should be focused on in construction monitoring.

Short-term demand of shared bikes forecasting plays an important role in optimizing the layout of free-floating bike sharing systems and bikes rebalancing. To improve the accuracy of demand forecasting methods for the emerging shared bikes business, this study establishes a combined forecasting model based on Stacking strategy and examines the impact of temporal variables and weather factors on shared bikes demand. In particular, the Granger causality test is used to identify the key weather indicators that cause demand fluctuations. We extract the set of similar samples for each period of the day for prediction based on the grey correlation index of weather variables. The Stacking strategy is then introduced to integrate random forest, support vector regression, and other machine learning algorithms for establishing a combined forecasting model to predict the short-term demand in different regions. Finally, using free-floating bike sharing data in Beijing, the proposed combined model is tested. The prediction results of combined model demonstrate that the mean absolute percentage error decreased by 9.1% compared with the single prediction model, thus improving the accuracy of the short-term demand forecast of shared bikes and providing useful information for bike relocation.

Because of the influence of the basic railway boundaries and security requirements of dynamic turning, the configuration and complex centroid of special vehicles in rail transportation must satisfy the railway boundaries. Focusing on these problems, the boundary design of special vehicles was studied in this article.A mathematical model was derived to calculate the design shape and dimension range of the three-dimensional configuration, including profile- or centroid-centered loading.The largest three-dimensional envelopment configuration for multiple loading modes was designed. Moreover,through the study of the centroid height envelopment area, it was concluded that the centroid height of vehicles between 60 t and 70 t should not exceed 1284~1213 mm, thereby providing a basis for the optimal configuration and centroid for vehicle design.

To meet the personalized needs of passenger travel in urban industrial agglomeration areas and to alleviate the problem of oversaturation of the road network, a customized bus dispatching model considering parking penalty on congested roads is proposed. First, the operation conditions and scheduling rules are analyzed. Then, the penalty functions for the cost of stopping and picking up passengers as well as violating passenger′s time window are demarcated. A customized bus dispatching decision-making model in response to the real-time demand is established with the goal of optimizing the total cost of the system, including the cost of carrying passenger time, the cost of bus operation time, the cost of violating passenger′s time window penalty and the cost of stopping on congested roads. Improved genetic algorithm and insertion algorithm are designed to solve the problem, and Zhongguancun Software Park is used as an example to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. The results show that the customized bus dispatching model can achieve the expected results with respect to the targets for shift length, full-load ratio, and cost control, thus confirming the feasibility of the model and algorithm.

To solve the problem of mode share change of high-speed railways and civil aviation in middle-and-long distance passenger transport, taking the heterogeneity among passenger groups and the relevance of passenger choices in different scenarios into consideration, the Panel Mixed Logit(PML) model was established, which taking gender, age, and monthly income of passengers as basic property, the cost and time before ,after and during the trip as specific property. NLOGIT was used to estimate the parameters of Traditional Logit, Cross-sectional Mixed Logit, and Panel Mixed Logit models based on the stated preference data of passenger in Beijing-Nanjing transport corridor. Model estimation results show that the PML model has better behavior interpretation capabilities and prediction accuracy. Based on PML model, the simulation method was used to predict the trend of mode share of high-speed railways and civil aviation along with the changes of trip cost and time. The results show that the high-speed railways mode share ratio increases with the increase of trip cost difference value and decreases with the increase of trip time difference value; which is the opposite for civil aviation. It also shows that the trip cost difference value has a more significant effect on the mode share than the trip time difference value.

2AMT (two-speed mechanical automatic transmission) is widely studied because it can further improve the power and economy of electric vehicles. 2AMT designing process involves repeated assessments and optimizations to meet the requirements of light-weight, strength, and noise control. The force on the gear, gear shaft, and shell is analyzed when the 2AMT motor is running with maximum torque output. Based on the finite element analysis theory, ANSYS software is used to analyze the strength and modal of the shell, and the analysis results are used to optimize the 2AMT structure. Results show that the 2AMT shell meets the strength requirements, and the optimized structure reduces the maximum deformation by 0.057 mm and the maximum stress by 20 MPa, and its natural frequency can avoid the gear meshing impact frequency in the common speed range.

This paper analyzes the factors that influence the waitingposition selection behavior of urban rail-transit passengers from three aspects, passenger feature, platform characteristics, and train operation. A behavioral model for passenger waitingposition selection is constructed using Logit model. This model includes six influencing factors: congestion tolerance, queue length, full load ratio of train carriages, walking distance, field of vision, and travel purpose. The model parameters are calibrated using the data from questionnaire surveys. The results show that the waitingposition selection behavior differ among rail-transit passengers. Passengers with high congestion tolerance tend to choose a waiting position based on the combination of full load rate and queuing length, whereas passengers with a small field of vision prefer to choose the waiting position based on the combination of walking distance and full load rate.

It is important for urban rail transit to meet the passenger demand and improve the transportation efficiency to improve its attraction. The train operation plan and train timetable optimization of urban rail transit were studied herein to optimize the relationship among transport capacity, passenger demand, and transport efficiency of the transit.  The train operation plan was created based on the passenger  demand firstly. Then, an optimization model with the minimum passenger waiting time as goal was built based on the train operation plan with the train operation safety and capacity as constraints. A genetic harmony search algorithm was designed to solve the proposed model. An example was provided to verify the proposed model and algorithm. The proposed model and algorithm can provide a basis for decision making to match the transport capacity and demand of urban rail transit.

Heuristic decision making, spatial cognition, and community recognition theory are combined to describe the relationship between route selection and road network structure. The community structure algorithm based on module gain is used to deconstruct the road network structure, describe people's cognitive process, and establish the corresponding path selection algorithm. Taking the road network within the central area of Changsha city as an example, the proposed path selection method is used to deconstruct the road network and calculate the path selection sets for the static road impedance (distance) and dynamic road impedance (speed). The questionnaire survey and taxi GPS data are used to extract the actual path selection trajectories, and the theoretical computation results and the actual survey results are compared. When the static road resistance is used, the consistency rate is 85%, when the dynamic road resistance is used, the consistency rate is 73%. These results show that the proposed model integrating spatial cognition and community recognition can describe people’s route choice process better. The model has a better accuracy for static road resistance-based route choice. The results of this study can be a reference for urban planning and traffic planning.

In this paper, we establish a timetable based on an integrated optimization model by taking the train dwell time as the decision variable to reduce the total energy consumption and passenger transfer time in a rail transit system. Furthermore, we design a genetic algorithm to implement the model. Finally, we conduct a numerical experiment with the actual data of Beijing metro Line 5 and Yizhuang Line to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and the efficiency of the proposed method. Results show that the total energy consumption of the rail transit system reduce by 5.15% and passenger transfer time is reduce by 17.66% after optimization.

o improve the performance of electric drive powertrain during driving, this study is focused on the optimal design of the mount system for the two-speed electric battery vehicles. A 6-DOF（degrees of freedom） vibration model for powertrain mount system of electric 2AMT is established using the multibody system software ADAMS. The modal analysis of the mount system is conducted and deformations of the three mounts under loadings are computed. To improve the decoupling rate and optimization for the mounting system in the three main directions, the function is solved using PSO-GA compound algorithm and the mount system design is then optimized. The numerical results show that the optimal mount system behaves effectively and improves the energy decoupling.

To adapt to the new development trend of intelligent transportation, two traffic capacity models of signalized intersections are improved to make them suitable for an environment of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). The first is the minimum delay model, which obtains the green light time by minimizing the total delay at the intersection and obtains the cycle length according to the flow rate. This model introduces the ratio of the green light delay of each lane or lane group to the specific queuing service time as a parameter, which depends on the probability distribution of vehicle arrival at the intersection. The second is the hybrid model, which combines the static queuing model that estimates the queuing service time and a dynamic model that estimates the green light extension time from the unit delay, flow rate, lane speed limit, and detector length. A numerical example shows that the delay of the new model is significantly reduced in the environment of CAVs, which validates the two capacity models and provides the basis for the traffic management department to conduct intersection reconstruction.

A mathematical model for calculating the average delay of vehicles in each lane was established according to the running characteristics of vehicles between a hook-turn intersection and adjacent conventional intersection. Taking the minimum average delay of vehicles as the objective function and the cycle length and green time as the constraints, a coordinated optimization model was established. Finally, taking two adjacent intersections in Suzhou as an example, the established method was tested on the collected data. The hook-turn intersection was set up and the signal coordination between it and the adjacent intersection was established as the improvement method. The vehicle delay in the improvement scheme and the current scheme were compared and analyzed using VISSIM software. Experimental results show that the coordinated optimization model of signals between hookturn intersections and adjacent intersections can effectively improve the traffic capacity of intersections, especially the capacity of vehicles on straight roads, and reduce the average delay of vehicles.
 

The study was focused on the Laizhou, Dongying, Weifang and Binzhou ports in the Yellow River Delta, input-output data from the  ports in this region from 2010 to 2017 were selected to measure their dynamic efficiency based on DEA (data envelopment analysis) and Malmquist productivity model. The results show an increase in the overall technical efficiency of the main ports in the Yellow River Delta. From the perspective of dynamic efficiency, the Malmquist productivity growth rate of the four major ports in the Yellow River Delta area increase and is positive. There is a significant gap between the total factor productivity of different ports.The main driving factor affecting the total factor productivity of the Yellow River delta ports is not simply technological progress, but also scale efficiency changes.

The demand for urban railways is increasing with the expansion of the scale of urban rail transit, resulting in a high requirement with respect to the operation quality of urban rail transit services. Given the demand of passengers, this study establishes a mixed integer model to minimize the total passenger waiting time and operational cost of the urban rail system. An annealing algorithm is simulated to design the train timetable and rolling stock schedule for a certain route, and calculations and examples are used to analyze their feasibility. The results denote that the proposed model can be used to design a proper train timetabling and rolling stock scheduling plan based on the passenger demand.

In this study, the integrated vehicle and crew scheduling problem of express buses on high-speed railways is studied owing to the lack of appropriate operational approaches for this new type of public transport service product. To benefit from the flexibility of express buses for high-speed railways, the work-time window constraint is introduced to meet the work-time requirements of the crew. An integrating optimization model for vehicle and crew scheduling is built. Then, the optimal vehicle and crew scheduling program is validated with real-time examples. Results show that this integrated optimization model is better than the traditional multiple route optimize independently. Operating costs are reduced by approximately 8.98% compared with the original operation schedule and approximately 4.73% compares with the independent optimization using this integrated optimization model, while the number of crew is also reduced. Furthermore, the accuracy and the satisfactory results of the model in solving the integrated vehicle and crew scheduling problem of express buses for high-speed railway are verified herein.

In reality, the ride-hailing market is characterized by randomness, and the static pricing strategy of the platform cannot adjust to instantaneous imbalances in the system between available driver supply and passenger demand. To this end, from the dual perspective of the government and ride-hailing platforms, the platform dynamic pricing strategy based on social welfare and profit maximization is studied in terms of the platform, drivers, and passengers. The queuing theory and the birth-death process are used to describe the flow process of drivers in ride-hailing platforms, and the social welfare maximization and platform profit maximization model under dynamic pricing is constructed by introducing the psychological expected price curve of passengers and drivers. The Brouwer fixed-point theorem is used to examine the existence of the model solution. Based on the sequential quadratic programming method, the algorithm is used to solve the model, and the platform pricing and driver profit-sharing to maximize social welfare and platform profit of the ride-hailing system are obtained and compared. Research shows that the established model not only calculates the optimal pricing strategy of the platform but also analyzes the impact of changes in basic parameters (average ride time, expected passenger/driver psychological price distribution, etc.) on the pricing strategy of the platforms.

In this paper, the total intersection delay time index and the single direction maximum delay time index are proposed.A simplified congestion evaluation index model is established using data acquired from navigation software regarding road condition, queue length, and the number of lanes at each entrance. The applicability of the model is verified against examples of intersections of Beijing. The congestion level of the example intersections is ranked on the basis of the total delay time index and the single direction delay time index.The result is consistent with the actual data. When compared with traditional intersection evaluation indexes, the intersection delay time index fully utilizes big data from navigation software to avoid tedious onsite investigation, has strong scalability in operation and practicability, and provides more reliable theoretical support to urban managers in the decision-making process of intersection reconstruction.

With respect to the demand for civil aviation passenger transport in the development of international tourism in border areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, this essay constructs the VAR model between inbound tourism and civil aviation passenger transport taking Yunnan province as an example. Moreover, it analyzes the long-term equilibrium relationship between the two factors using the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test analysis, and investigates the dynamic correlations between civil aviation passenger transport and international tourism in border areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities using the impulse response function and variance decomposition. Results show that there is a co-integration relationship, a two-way Granger causal relationship (the two factors complementing and promoting each other) and a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between international tourism and civil aviation passenger transport of Yunnan. At the same time, it was found that the cumulative impulse response of international tourism income and number of tourists to civil aviation indicators is positive, and the contribution rate of civil aviation passenger transport to international tourism development is basically more than 50%, indicating that civil aviation passenger transport plays an important and continuous role in promoting international tourism of border areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities.

Eight typical ports in Shandong (e.g. Yantai, Qingdao, Weifang, Dongying, Rizhao) are studied in this paper. By fully considering the particularity of the development of Shandong Peninsula, Bohai Bay and the southern areas；in light of grand environment of port resource in Shandong Province; and the status quo of port development, thereof, this paper analyses the differences between regional ports and the necessity of forming port alliance. On this basis, the relevant panel data of Shandong regional ports from 2011 to 2017 are analyzed using vector auto-regression, the interaction between ports and economic development are analyzed, the influence of specific factors on regional port development through fixed effect regression model are further analyzed. The study finds that there is an interactive effect between regional ports and economic development, and the ports-to-economic contribution is stronger than economy-to-port contribution. Specifically, the regional economic level, industrial structure and infrastructure, and other heterogeneous economic factors have significant impacts on the development of Shandong regional ports.

The installation of hydraulic regenerative braking system will change the original antilock braking system of a semitrailer train combination while improving its energy efficiency. To ensure the safety of the braking system, it is necessary to integrate the regenerative braking system with the original antilock braking system. Based on the braking system that distributes the three-axle braking force in the fixed proportion, a coordinated control strategy of optimal braking energy recovery and antilock braking is proposed herein. Considering the braking force strength, energy storage state, and road adhesion conditions, the mechanical friction and regenerative braking force are distributed among three axles. Simultaneously, the friction braking force is adjusted to control the wheel slip rate. A co-simulation model of AMESim and MATLAB/Simulink is built. The specific condition is simulated on thesimulation platform. The results show that the proposed coordinated control strategy can achieve 13.48% of braking energy recovery efficiency in the middle and low adhesion roads and medium braking force conditions while the slip rate of three-axle is maintained within the optimal range. 

The energy consumption of urban rail-transit trains is mainly influenced by their line conditions and operation organization scheme. To accurately simulate the relationship between line operating conditions and train operation energy consumptions, this study presents a rail-transit train simulation model that has an energy-efficient speed profile. Each interstation section consists of three phases: maximum acceleration, coasting, and maximum braking. The proposed model considers the characteristics of the train operation between the stations and the impact of the train marshaling scheme and the design of the energy-saving slope on the energy consumption of trains. This simulation model consists of three components: train force analysis, interstation train operation strategy design, and energy consumption calculations. Different line conditions and train marshaling schemes are designed on the Visual studio platform to perform the simulation, and the effect on the energy consumption of trains and the characteristics of energy consumption are analyzed. The results show that logical energy-saving slope design and train marshaling scheme plans are beneficial to reduce the train operation energy consumption.

Because of the unreasonable configuration of the electric bus charging facilities, research has been conducted to investigate the electric bus lines, charging facilities, and strategic planning methods. Further, a social welfare maximization model has been established by considering the charging waiting time and capacity as constraints based on the interaction between the charging station and the charging pile configuration as well as the design parameters of the bus line operation characteristics. The effect of waiting time on the queued charging time of the vehicle in the charging station is discussed in two different charging strategies. Further, the Lagrangian function algorithm and genetic algorithm are used for solving the model. The model and the algorithm are verified by considering the No. 931 pure electric bus line in Suzhou as an example. The results denote that the algorithm based on the Lagrangian function is more efficient than the genetic algorithm and that its result is more stable when compared with that of the genetic algorithm. Using a design based on the constructed model, the number of charging piles and the operating characteristic parameters of the bus line can achieve considerable social welfare for satisfying the charging waiting time constraint. The model proposed in this study can provide a decisionmaking basis for planning the electric bus routes.

Considering the present studies on short-term traffic flow prediction algorithms focused on the lowdimension information features of traffic flow, which fails to meet the requirements of prediction accuracy, this paper introduces the high accuracy low-rank tensor completion theory to construct dynamic tensor models based on week, day, and period and designs a short-term traffic flow prediction algorithm, which combines the multi-dimensional temporal characteristics of traffic flow. The proposed prediction algorithm is verified using velocity data of the Dujiakan section of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway. The results show that this algorithm can achieve good prediction results quickly based on fewer historical data. It can achieve effective prediction for the traffic flow of weekday and weekend, and the mean value of mean absolute error is approximately 3.6%; furthermore, the fluctuation of traffic flow is tracked in real time. For the flow with missing data, the prediction accuracy of the proposed algorithm would decrease with the increase in the ratio of missing data. However, compared with the three classical prediction algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows better prediction accuracy using the preprocessed missing data. 

A deterministic coordinated passenger inflow control model was formulated. and an extended model was constructed under uncertain passenger demand by introducing a robust optimization approach based on scenario analysis, where the uncertain passenger demand can be represented by several scenario sets with given probabilities.The optimal inbound passenger volume with respect to each station during each equivalent time interval can be obtained to minimize the total number of passengers stranded outside each station.Beijing Metro Batong line was considered to verify the performance of the proposed model. When compared with the deterministic model, the results denote that the robust model can reduce the sensitivity of the control strategy to uncertain passenger demand and maintain the number of stranded passengers in an acceptable range under various demand scenarios.

Based on the section division method, this work analyzes the capacity of the station operation through various organization schemes, given that the operation capacity within the depot is deemed sufficient. A quantitative method of analyzing the capacity of the station operation is proposed considering the analysis of the factors influencing capacity, operation procedures, and time indicators at the junction station. The effectiveness of the method is validated using simulation software OpenTrack. Case studies show the station operation capacities through six organization schemes in a station with a single-side dual-island layout. This work provides a throretical basis for operational practice and recommends optimum organizational schemes within different time periods.

A considerable interference is associated with the lane-changing behavior in a traffic system that can significantly restrict the smooth and efficient operation of the traffic system.Therefore,a two-stage vehicle lane-changing model is developed based on inter-vehicle communication to solve this issue.Herein,the lane-changing behavior of vehicles in real-time traffic is analyzed based on the NGSIM data,and the two-stage vehicle lane-changing model is presented.The first stage of the model considers six factors that affect the lane-changing behavior,and a binary logit model is considered to estimate the lane-changing probability;the second stage uses safety conditions to determine whether the vehicle lane-changing model is implemented.Further,accurate real-time traffic status information is obtained from the first stage of the vehicle lane-changing model for the connected vehicles,and a corresponding lane-changing strategy is developed.The effects of different lane-changing strategies on the traffic flow are analyzed using numerical simulations.The results denote that the lane-changing model based on inter-vehicle communication considers the speed and position information of a large number of vehicles in the current and target lanes.The utility function causes the vehicle’s lane-changing behavior to consider the average speed and average distance in an extensive range and is not limited to the local utility of the traffic conditions in the nearest neighbors.Therefore,the lane-changing strategy based on inter-vehicle communication considerably inhibits the frequency of the lane-changing behaviors and the generated interference,promoting the efficiency of the road transportation systems.

In this study,we develop a two-stage passenger flow forecasting model by combining wavelet decomposition and the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network.Further,the wavelet decomposition and reconstruction can effectively process the fluctuating data,and the LSTM network may be used to learn the time series data.The passenger flow was evaluated by the developed model based on a prediction case study in the Xizhimen subway station in Beijing.In this study,this method was observed to obtain accurate predication results;the mean absolute percentage error was 5.48% and decreased by 8.59% and 2.94%,respectively,when compared with those associated with the single use of LSTM and the use of a combination of empirical mode decomposition with LSTM.Therefore,the proposed method is observed to exhibit improved forecasting accuracy.

Residents often have difficulty in shuttling between home and the interchange stations. To address this “last mile problem,” this study examines flexible shuttle transit route planning. Further, the passenger satisfaction was quantified by establishing a function to ensure the service quality of the shuttle transit. Given the influence of combined dispatching in case of various vehicle types on the routing optimization of shuttle transit, a collaborative optimization model was established for flexible shuttle transit routing. In accordance with the given demands and fleet size, this model aims at minimizing the business operating cost and maximizing the average passenger satisfaction using the genetic algorithm. The results denote that the optimal fitness value in case of multi-vehicle scheduling is better when compared with that observed in case of a single vehicle type, indicating the feasibility of the model in routing optimization.

In the traditional traveling salesman problem (TSP) models,the number of sub-tour elimination constraints exponentially increases with an increase in the size of the problem,which considerably limits the efficiency of solving the TSP.Based on the TSP relaxation problems,a method has been proposed in this study to effectively generate sub-tour elimination constraints.Further,the proposed method achieves an accurate and quick solution of TSP by solving the linear integer programming series.The numerical results denote that when compared with the Cplex direct solution,the proposed method can obtain the optimal solution of TSP more rapidly.

In this paper, the characteristics of traffic flow in the urban tunnel section were analyzed, and the cellular automata model of the section was established. At the same time, the numerical simulation was carried out on the condition that the tunnel and the upstream and downstream intersections were in different relative positions and different phase differences. The result shows that the capacity of the urban tunnel section can be influenced by the relative position of the tunnel and signal lights as well as the phase difference between the upstream and downstream traffic lights. Reasonable signal timing control can enhance the capacity of the road section and intersections, and relieve the congestion. However, when the tunnel is close to the downstream intersection, the capacity of road section is obviously reduced, the congestion in the tunnel is serious, and signal control doesn′t work on the traffic congestion.

Aiming at the problem of location selection of express intelligent cabinet in colleges and universities, a method of comprehensive location selection based on gravity method combined with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was proposed. Firstly, the center of gravity method was used to determine the alternative location of the intelligent express cabinet, and then the optimal location was determined from the alternative location by combining the analytic hierarchy process. Taking a university in Guangzhou as an example, the joint location selection method was applied in practice. The results show that the method is simple and practical, and has high scientific and feasibility in the decision-making of the location of campus self-service cabinets. It can provide reference for the location selection of express intelligent cabinets in colleges and universities.

Based on the analysis of railway freight transport process and the influence factors on the process, this paper pointed out the deficiencies of the existing methods of time distribution in each link of freight transport process. A method of railway freight transit responsibilities time division based on big data was put forward, and with the advantage of cloud computing platform in large data processing, the methods and procedures to deal with big data that produced in the railway freight transit were also designed. The concept and calculation method of freight transport responsibility time and responsibility guarantee rate were proposed in order to realize dynamic assessment and evaluation of the efficiency of all links in the whole process of freight transportation. Finally, a case study was carried out based on the actual data of Beijing—Guangzhou line, between Hengyang North station and Dalang station, and by comparing with the traditional calculation method, the applicability and application prospect of the proposed method were verified.

Eco-driving is a series of driving measures that can achieve the effect of fuel-efficiency improvement and emission reduction during the driving process. To study the behavioral characteristics of eco-driving, a multi-lane cellular automata model was established to simulate, and the data of a section of freeway in Beijing North Third Ring Road was used as a simulation scenario to calibrate and validate the model. Then, based on this computer simulation model, the effects of car-following driving behavior and lateral driving behavior on traffic operation, energy consumption and exhaust emission were revealed. The eco-driving behavior criterion was established and then, the eco-driving behavior characteristics were predicted. It is found that slow acceleration, maintaining the stability of the vehicle speed, keeping the vehicle speed at a reasonable interval and maintaining a large safety distance are the characteristics of eco-driving behaviors in line with Chinese road characteristics.

Stated preference(SP) survey has been conducted to explore the factors which are more passengers′ concerns when choosing traffic modes. With the comparative analysis of the multinomial logit(MNL) model and nest logit(NL) model, the NL model was selected due to its better performance on mode choice modeling. Taking Beijing as a case, the reliability of the model was verified. The impacts of the changes of bus and subway fares on passengers′ choice of transportation modes were studied respectively by using the proposed NL model. The results show that with the increase of bus fares, the regular bus travelers will transfer to private cars for trip within the range of 0~10 km, while those above 10 km will choose subway travel. Besides, with the increase of subway fares, the share rate of subway travel mode is obviously reduced, and thus leads to the decrease of public transport share rate. By exploring the influence of the changes of public transportation fares on passengers′ choice of travel modes, this paper provides reasonable suggestions for the adjustment of public transportation fares in Beijing.