Shandong Science

Design and implementation of a monitoring alarm and technical remote support system with respect to the mesoscale automatic weather stations

LI Wen-tao, ZHANG Ming-jie, LIU Ce

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 1-7. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.001

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In this study, a monitoring alarm and technical remote support system, featuring a monitoring alarm, maintenance and fault diagnosis material sharing, operational work software sharing, and online support, has been designed and developed based on the B/S structure and Java server pages (JSP) as a development tool with respect to the mesoscale automatic weather stations. The developed system provides technical and software support for realtime and effective fault monitoring, maintenance, and fault diagnosis at automatic weather stations. The operation results denote that the proposed design improves the time efficiency and accuracy of the equipment support with respect to the automatic weather stations as well as the professional competence of its personnel.

Preparation process of chicoric acid liposome

WANG Yu-zhen, GAO Shuang, SUN Yue, ZHANG Li, BO Fu-min, FENG An-jie, LI Ling-jun

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 8-15. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.002

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To study the optimal preparation process of chicoric acid liposome, thin-film dispersion ultrasound was used, and the encapsulation efficiency was evaluated to examine the preparation effects. The Box-Behnken design response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the preparation parameters. The results showed that the optimal ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol was 4.20:1, the mass ratio of phospholipid to pharmaceutical was 11.44:1, and the ultrasound time was 6.54 min. The encapsulation efficiency of liposome prepared by the optimal process was 75.18%. The use of Box-Behnken design response surface methodology led to an optimal preparation process, and the obtained process is reasonable and feasible.

Quality analysis of Semiaquilegiae Radix of different origins based on haracteristic fingerprint and content determination of two components

SUN Zhi-qiang, WANG Xiao

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 16-23. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.003

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High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish the characteristic fingerprint of Semiaquilegiae Radix and to determine the content of lithospermoside and griffonilide. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: TSKgel ODS-100V (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase, flow rate of 0.4 mL·min^-1, and detection wavelength of 258 nm. Cluster analysis was performed to compare the drugs of Semiaquilegiae Radix of different origins and batches. Eight common peaks were determined and two chromatographic peaks were identified with the use of the similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine fingerprint. The similarity among 15 batches of medicinal materials was more than 0.90. The method is simple and stable, producing authentic and reliable data. It can be used as the research evidence of quality identification, quality control, and resource development and utilization in Semiaquilegiae Radix.

Determination of paeonol and paeoniflorin contents in the leaves of Paeonia suffruticosa from six growing areas using HPLC

SUN Jing, WEI Yong-li , LI Ke-ming , LIANG Kun

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 24-28. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.004

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The contents of paeonol and paeoniflorin in the leaves of Paeonia suffruticosa from six growing areas were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both chemicals were analyzed using Waters Xbridge shield RP18 chromatography columns (5 μm, 4.6 mm×150.0 mm) at 30℃ with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The sample loading amount was 10 μL. For paeonol analysis, the mobile phase was methanol-water (45:55，V/V) solution with the detection wavelength set at 275 nm. For paeoniflorin analysis, acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (12:88，V/V) solution was used as the mobile phase with a detection wavelength of 230 nm. Paeonol and paeoniflorin showed good linear relationship with peak area within the concentration ranges of approximately 12.5~400.0 μg/mL and 50.0~800.0 μg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated satisfying precision, stability, repeatability and sample recovery. The leaf contents of paeonol and paeoniflorin in Paeonia suffruticosa vary among the six growing areas. Chemical composition analysis of Paeonia suffruticosa leaves, in cases of paeonol and paeoniflorin, provides accurate and rapid quantitative analytical methods for qualitative evaluation and scientific explanation of the pharmaceutical effects. Moreover, it also provides data support for investigating the diverse chemical composition of Paeonia suffruticosa leaves from different areas, thus facilitating their exploitation and utilization.

Extraction and purification process of daidzein by using soy whey water as raw material

LU Xu-qiang, LIU Dai-cheng, LIU Jun, LI Cheng-hui, LI Min, YIN Cheng-wen

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 29-34. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.005

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In this study, soy whey water discharged during the process of soybean protein isolate production by using alkali solution and acid isolation served as raw material. Following separation by sedimentation, layered separation by sodium carbonate addition and extraction with ethyl acetate, rotary evaporation was performed, and adsorption and elution was then conducted with the use of macroporous resin. Daidzein was finally obtained. Daidzein was subjected to purification.The purification effects of five types of macroporous resins were compared, and it was found that ADS-21 produced the best effect. The purity of daidzein sample was 98.5%, as detected by thin-layer chromatography scan (TLCS). Thus, it can be used in medicines, healthcare products, and standard substance for test use. The method proposed in this study can be used for large-scale production of daidzein.

Protective effects of Rhizoma Drynariae on bone microarchitecture of ovariectomized rats

ZHANG Jun-wei, CHEN Ling-ling, LI Yan, LI Zhao-hui, NIE Wei-zhi, XU Zhan-wang

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 35-41. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.006

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To investigate the effects of Rhizome Drynariae on bone microarchitecture of ovariectomized rats and to explore its possible mechanisms. Thirty-six rats were divided into experimental group (OVXDF), model group (OVX), and sham operation group (SHAM). In the OVXDF and OVX groups, bilateral ovaries were removed. Eight weeks after operation, bone mineral density was measured. After this, the OVXDF group was administered Rhizoma Drynariae intragastrically, and the OVX and SHAM groups received normal saline intragastrically for 12 weeks. Subsequently, micro-CT was used to measure bone mineral density (g/cm³), bone mineral content (g), trabecular bone volume over total volume (%), and trabecular thickness Tb.Th(μm), trabecular bone number Tb.N(mm^-1), trabecular bone separation degree Tb.sp (mm), and structural model index. Rat microscopic morphology of the bone tissue was observed under microscope. Concentrations of tartrateresistant acid phosphatase, matrix metallopeptidase 9, and CTX-1 in rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The experiment results showed not only decreased bone mass but also changed bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats. Rhizoma Drynariae decocted with water intragastrically can effectively compensate for the decrease in bone mineral density and the change in bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats. Its mechanism of action is associated with its inhibition of bone marrow adipocyte formation and suppression of activity and number of osteoclasts.

Advances in respiratory syncytial virus and its infection-related Toll-like receptors

DU Hai-tao, SUN Tie-feng, WANG Ping, AN Feng-tian, HU Ya-nan, LI Na

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 42-50. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.007

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants. Toll-like receptors, one of the pattern recognition receptors involved in innate immunity, play an important role in the identification and eradication of RSVs. However, this is not adequately examined, which has limited the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this study, we reviewed the studies on the immunologic process of RSV-related Toll-like receptors in recent years and described the shortcomings of the methods and tendencies of the current studies. This is intended to provide ideas and methods for the further studies on new anti-RSV drugs and their mechanisms.

Multicomponent-multitarget-multichannel mechanism of Wulingsan based on network pharmacology

CAO Ming-chen, YU Zhen-ying, XIN Zhao-yang, XU Long, YANG Zhi-wei, REN Wei, XING Xiao-min, JING Fan-bo

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 51-60. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.008

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The potential active components of Wulingsan were obtained using the TCMSP database, and the potential targets were predicated using PharmMapper servers. The compoundtarget and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to perform enrichment analyses of gene ontology (GO) and biological pathway based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results show that a compound-target network comprising 50 major active components and 459 targets was obtained; the key targets included CSDE1, PRPS1, HSD17B4, CLPP, ACBD7, and AZGP1. A PPI network responsible for constructing Wulingsan targets consisted of 155 nodes and 527 interactions; key targets included CSDE1, CITED2, RANBP2, HSD17B4, TAF13, and SOD2. The items associated with the GO enrichment analysis pathway primarily involved cytosol, protein, and small molecules as well as cells’ reaction to organic substances and chemical stimulations, nitrogen metabolism, organic matter metabolism, and ion binding and transport activity. A KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis included proteoglycans in cancer as well as bladder cancer, prostate cancer, endocrine resistance, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis. Results initially verified molecular mechanism for the pharmacological action of the main active components of Wulingsan, thereby providing evidence for further elucidation of its molecular mechanism, predicting its potential targets (such as PRPS1 and HSD17B4), and delivering a new method for studies on Wulingsan development and application.

Research on the preparation technology and stress analysis of multilayer diamond films

WANG Yi-bao, QIU Hui-min, ZHANG Mei, GUO Feng-xian, WANG Shao-yan, GAI Zhi-gang

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 61-67. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.009

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The hot filament chemical vapor deposition method was employed to optimize the preparation process of diamond films. Multilayer diamond films with uniform thickness were successfully prepared by altering their methane concentration, making it possible to prepare diamond films in various modulation cycles. The modulation cycle was as low as 100 nm .A stress analysis of single and multilayer diamond films was conducted using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. It was found that the stress onmicrodiamond films in the single-layer structure was the highest, and would decrease as the size of diamond grains increased. In the multilayer structure of diamond films, the microlayer and nanolayers alternately grow in a uniform manner, which effectively reduces the stress on the films and improves their stability in applications.

Research on laser online detection technology application of precision fermentation of CO₂ tail gas

YU Peng-feia, WANG Xiao-shana, YU Zi-qiang, WEI Yu-bin, ZHANG Ting-ting, HU Jie, LIU Tong-yu, WANG Zhao-wei

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 68-74. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.010

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There is a great demand for online monitoring of various characteristic gases in the precision fermentation process. In this paper, based on the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology, the carbon dioxide monitoring and analysis system was developed for the detection of gases in the precision fermentation process. The measurement range of 0~2% and the response time of 5.46 s were realized. In addition, the measurement error can be lower than 0.08% within the full measurement range. The results of field test demonstrated the advantages of high sensitivity, excellent stability, and reliability of the developed CO₂ monitoring system. The CO2 monitoring system based on the TDLAS technology is extremely suitable for insitu characteristic gas monitoring and has great application potential in the precision fermentation process.

Study on the dynamic influence between civil aviation passenger transport and international tourism in border areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities

ZHANG Yang, JIN Xue, GONG Xian-jie, LU Na

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 75-82. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.011

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With respect to the demand for civil aviation passenger transport in the development of international tourism in border areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, this essay constructs the VAR model between inbound tourism and civil aviation passenger transport taking Yunnan province as an example. Moreover, it analyzes the long-term equilibrium relationship between the two factors using the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test analysis, and investigates the dynamic correlations between civil aviation passenger transport and international tourism in border areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities using the impulse response function and variance decomposition. Results show that there is a co-integration relationship, a two-way Granger causal relationship (the two factors complementing and promoting each other) and a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between international tourism and civil aviation passenger transport of Yunnan. At the same time, it was found that the cumulative impulse response of international tourism income and number of tourists to civil aviation indicators is positive, and the contribution rate of civil aviation passenger transport to international tourism development is basically more than 50%, indicating that civil aviation passenger transport plays an important and continuous role in promoting international tourism of border areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities.

Analysis on the interactive effect of Shandong regional ports and economic development

WU Feng, WAN Yun-fei, YANG Li-hua

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 83-91. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.012

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Eight typical ports in Shandong (e.g. Yantai, Qingdao, Weifang, Dongying, Rizhao) are studied in this paper. By fully considering the particularity of the development of Shandong Peninsula, Bohai Bay and the southern areas；in light of grand environment of port resource in Shandong Province; and the status quo of port development, thereof, this paper analyses the differences between regional ports and the necessity of forming port alliance. On this basis, the relevant panel data of Shandong regional ports from 2011 to 2017 are analyzed using vector auto-regression, the interaction between ports and economic development are analyzed, the influence of specific factors on regional port development through fixed effect regression model are further analyzed. The study finds that there is an interactive effect between regional ports and economic development, and the ports-to-economic contribution is stronger than economy-to-port contribution. Specifically, the regional economic level, industrial structure and infrastructure, and other heterogeneous economic factors have significant impacts on the development of Shandong regional ports.

Research on coordinated control of hydraulic regenerative braking and antilock braking for semitrailer trains

LIU Yan-xu, BAI Zhen-yuan, PENG Chang-hai, LU Yu-feng

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 92-98. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.013

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The installation of hydraulic regenerative braking system will change the original antilock braking system of a semitrailer train combination while improving its energy efficiency. To ensure the safety of the braking system, it is necessary to integrate the regenerative braking system with the original antilock braking system. Based on the braking system that distributes the three-axle braking force in the fixed proportion, a coordinated control strategy of optimal braking energy recovery and antilock braking is proposed herein. Considering the braking force strength, energy storage state, and road adhesion conditions, the mechanical friction and regenerative braking force are distributed among three axles. Simultaneously, the friction braking force is adjusted to control the wheel slip rate. A co-simulation model of AMESim and MATLAB/Simulink is built. The specific condition is simulated on thesimulation platform. The results show that the proposed coordinated control strategy can achieve 13.48% of braking energy recovery efficiency in the middle and low adhesion roads and medium braking force conditions while the slip rate of three-axle is maintained within the optimal range.

Energy consumption of rail-transit trains considering energy-saving slope and train marshaling scheme

CHEN Lei, RAN Xin-chen, LIU Ge-hui

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 99-108. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.014

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The energy consumption of urban rail-transit trains is mainly influenced by their line conditions and operation organization scheme. To accurately simulate the relationship between line operating conditions and train operation energy consumptions, this study presents a rail-transit train simulation model that has an energy-efficient speed profile. Each interstation section consists of three phases: maximum acceleration, coasting, and maximum braking. The proposed model considers the characteristics of the train operation between the stations and the impact of the train marshaling scheme and the design of the energy-saving slope on the energy consumption of trains. This simulation model consists of three components: train force analysis, interstation train operation strategy design, and energy consumption calculations. Different line conditions and train marshaling schemes are designed on the Visual studio platform to perform the simulation, and the effect on the energy consumption of trains and the characteristics of energy consumption are analyzed. The results show that logical energy-saving slope design and train marshaling scheme plans are beneficial to reduce the train operation energy consumption.

Electrochemical degradation of methylene blue by boron-doped diamond film electrodes

WANG Shao-yan, GAI Zhi-gang, WANG Yi-bao, CHAI Xu, LIU Shou-sheng, QIU Hui-min

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 109-115. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.015

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Herein, the simulated methylene blue dye wastewater was treated by boron-doped diamond film electrode group. Film quality and effects of initial concentration of methylene blue, solution pH, electrolyte dosage, and applied current density on the removal of boron-doped diamond film were investigated, and reaction kinetics simulation was conducted. Results show that the removal rate constant, removal rate of methylene blue, and solution COD removal rate increased with an increase in the pH, electrolyte, and current density. When the initial pH increased from 4 to 10, the methylene blue removal rate constant increased from 0.001 4 s^-1 to 0.003 3 s^-1, whereas removal rate increased from 53.9% to 85.8%. With the electrolyte dosage increased from 1 g to 4 g, the removal rate constant increased from 0.001 7 s^-1 to 0.005 1 s^-1, whereas the removal rate increased from 61.0% to 94.2%. When the current density increased from 18.75 mA/cm² to 75.00 mA/cm², the removal rate constant increased from 0.000 3 s^-1 to 0.003 8 s^-1, whereas the removal rate increased from 18.1% to 92%. The effect of the initial concentration of methylene blue was small. When the addition of electrolyte is insufficient or the current density was significantly large, the temperature of the solution increased considerably, and the excess electric energy is converted into the thermal energy of the solution.

Numerical solution for convection-diffusion equation with time fractional variable coefficients

GUO Fei-fan, ZHANG Xin-dong, WANG Shuo

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 116-123. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.016

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Most studies of convection-diffusion equation are in the range of constant coefficient or integer order. To more accurately describe the solute movement features, the traditional integer order convection-diffusion equation is extended to cases of fractional order variable coefficient. The paper primarily investigated the finite difference decomposition method of Caputo fractional order convection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients. This paper introduced a half integer point, performed dual partitioning on the spatial grid,and then discretized the spatial derivatives using the finite difference method. Theoretical analysis shows that the solution of the discrete format proposed in this paper exists and is unique, with a convergence accuracy of ο(τ+h).The accuracy of theoretical analysis is verified using one-dimensional numerical examples.

Existence and uniqueness of positive solutions for boundary value problems integro-differential equations on infinite interval

TANG Qiu-yun , WANG Ming-gao

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(1): 124-130. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.01.017

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Using fixed point theorem of Banach, this paper discussed the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions for integro-differential equations on the infinite interval wherein the boundary conditions are non-negative constant. Furthermore, the dependence of positive solutions on boundary values was discussed as well.

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