Table of Content

20 October 2016 Volume 29 Issue 5

  

Oceanographic Science, Technology and Equipment

Improved genetic algorithm based optimization design of active disturbance rejection controller

TANG Yongwei, ZHAO Jingbo*, WANG Maoli,HAO Huijuan, L Xiaohui

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  1-8.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.001

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We present an improved genetic algorithm that can adaptively adjust control parameters based on fitness degree for the force characteristics of supercavitation navigation body and such complicated issues as nonlinearity, time lag and coupling. We construct longitudinal model of supercavitation navigation body, which is controlled by a specific active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC). We further improve adaptive genetic algorithm to precisely optimize it for such issues as mass controller parameters and difficult adjustment. We eventually verify the advantage of the improved ADRC over classical ADRC through simulation. Simulation results show that the improved ADRC satisfies practical requirements and has better control effect.

Binocular vision technology based monitoring technology of seawater biotoxicity

MA Ran, CAO Xuan,WANG Xiaohong, ZHANG Tianpeng, ZHANG Li

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  9-16.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.002

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For the issue that existing seawater biotoxicity monitoring methods are simple and cannot reflect total toxic pollution situations,we employ binocular stereo vision technology and mussels as seawater biotoxicity sensors.We further use two cameras to continuously shoot and form threedimensional dynamic information,analyze realtime mussel openclose angle and frequency,and eventually implement seawater biotoxicity monitoring.Experimental results show that the monitoring approach has higher reliability and sensitivity,and can provide technical support for marine ecoenvironmental protection

Windinduced vibration response of a meteorological tower under fluctuating wind load

SUN Jinwei, ZHAO Huanyu, FAN Xiutao, WAN Xiaozheng, CHAI Hui,WANG Huajie,SHAO Meng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  17-23.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.003

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We simulated fluctuating wind load with resonance wave superposition method and validated its effectiveness with windinduced vibration response of a meteorological tower under fluctuating wind load as a subject. We also acquired fluctuating wind load instances applied at every layer of the tower. We further established 3D finite element analytical model for the tower and calculated windinduced vibration response of the tower with time domain analytical method. This provided a necessary reference for early design and vibration control of a meteorological tower. Analytical results show that its maximum windinduced vibration displacement is 0.013 meters under wind load of once in fifty years. This is in the range of design requirements, so the tower design is reasonable.

Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products

Antioxidant activity of alkaloids in Caulis Mahoniae

ZHU Heng, WEN Lei,GENG Yanling, WANG Xiao, JIA Wenting,WANG Daijie,YAN Yunhong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  24-28.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.004

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We determined antioxidant activity of alkaloids in Caulis Mahoniae by DPPH. We isolated berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, columbamine and stepharanine with pHzonerefining CCC. We also evaluated external antioxidant capability of dominant alkaloids in Caulis Mahoniae through DPPH free radical scavenging rate determination of total alkaloids and monomeric alkaloids. Results show that linear positive correlation exists for the concentration and absorbance of DPPH solution from 0 to 25 μg/mL. IC50 of total alkaloids, berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, columbamine and stepharanine are respectively 0.07, 0.32, 0.24, 0.20, 0.18, and 0.59 mg/mL, so alkaloids of Caulis Mahoniae has certain antioxidant capability. It will be enhanced with the increase of alkaloids concentration. Moreover, antioxidant ability of total alkaloids is higher than that of monomeric compounds. Antioxidant activity of Caulis Mahoniae alkaloids may be synergistic effect.

Extraction technology of ginkgolides from Ginkgo biloba leaves

LI Wendong, GAO Qianshan,YANG Peng, YANG Bingtian,WANG Xiao

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  29-35.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.005

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We determined optimum extraction condition of Ginkgo biloba leaves with the extraction rate of ginkgolides (ginkgo lactone, ginkgolides A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C) as an index. We employed orthogonal experiment to systematically investigate the impact of extraction time, solidliquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and extraction time on extraction technology of Ginkgo biloba leaves. Ginkgolides content was determined through optimization of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLCELSD) and isopropanol of mobile phase. We also calculated extraction rate. Optimum extraction conditions are extraction time of 1.5 h, solidliquid ratio of 1：20, ethanol concentration of 50% and extraction times of 3. This technology can improve extraction rate of ginkgolides, save testing cost, and is applicable to industrial production.

HPLC based content determination of emodin and emodin monomenthyl ether from Shouwuyizhi capsule

DING Xiaoyan, LIU Qing, JIA Yuanyin, ZHAO Bonian

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  36-40.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.006

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We constructed a HPLC based content determination method for emodin and emodin monomenthyl ether from Shouwuyizhi capsule. Samples were separated by C18 (250 nm×4.6 nm, 5 μm) column with methanol0.1% phosphoric acid water (82:18, V/V) as mobile phase. Determination conditions were determination wavelength of 289 nm, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and column temperature of 30 ℃. Better linear relationship exists in the range 0.019~0.19 μg（R=0.999 9,n=5) for emodin, and in the range 0.021~0.21 μg（R=1.000 0，n=5）for emodin monomenthyl ether. Their average recovery rates are respectively 98.58% and 100.01%, and RSDs are 2.66% and 1.15%. Results show that the method has strong specificity and accuracy, so it can be applied to simultaneous content determination of emodin and emodin monomenthyl ether from Shouwuyizhi capsule.

Advances on extraction and purification of anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.

CHAO Qingqing, HU Yaqi, DU Xinyong, XIE Yizhen, GUO Xingfeng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  41-46.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.007

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We review the latest advances on solvent extraction, microwave assisted extraction, ultrasonic assisted extraction, membrane filtration and resin absorption and purification for extraction, separation and purification of anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. These approaches have such defects as high extraction temperature, difficult solvent recovery and poor equipment reliability. Therefore, novel low temperature purification technologies such as supercritical/ subcritical fluid extraction, high hydrostatic pressure extraction and bioenzyme are future development trend for extraction and separation of anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.

Pharmacology and Toxicology

Impact of isoniazid on developmental toxicity and behavior of zebrafish larvae

ZOU Yu,ZHANG Yun,HAN Liwen,HE Qiuxia，LI Zhiping，HOU Hairong，HAN Jian，WANG Ximin，LI Juanjuan，CEN Juan，LIU Kechun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  47-53.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.008

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We investigated the impact of isonizid on developmental toxicity and behavior of zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish larvae of 72 hpf growth were processed with different concentrations isonizid. We then observed their mortality, malformation rate, morphology variation and analyzed their behavior trajectory. Higher concentration isoniazid (≥4 mmol/L) has lethal effect to zebrafish larvae, which is strengthened with the increase of isoniazid concentration and action time. Isoniazid has abnormal effect on their developmental process, including spinal curvature, increased yolk sac area, pericardial edema, swim bladder loss, developmental delay of body length and organ vacuolation. The larva of isoniazid group have less behavior trajectory, lower movement number and velocity with the increase of drug concentration and action time. Results demonstrate that isoniazid (≥4 mmol/L) has lethal and abnormal effect on zebrafish larvae, and inhibiting effect on their movement behavior, dependent on dose and time.

Impact of Cu,Hg and Pb on liver growth of zebrafish larvae

HAN Jian, PENG Weibing, HAN Liwen, HE Qiuxia, ZHANG Yun, SUN Chen, WANG Rongchun, CHU Jie, LIU Kechun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  54-59.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.009

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We addressed the impact of three typical heavy metal pollutants (copper chloride, mercury chloride and lead acetate) on liver growth of zebrafish larvae (72~144 hpf) with a liver green fluorescence transgenic zebrafish T3 (lfabp:EGFP) as a model. Results show that the survival rates of all groups are all more than 95%. CuCl₂ and HgCl₂ of 1 μmol/L can all cause abnormality of swimbladder growth or inflation. The three heavy metal compounds can all significantly reduce liver fluorescence area and integral optical density. CuCl₂ has more powerful inhibition capability for liver growth than Pb（Ac）₂ and HgCl₂ under identical exposure concentration. However, HgCl₂ of 0.01 μmol/L can inhibit liver growth. Inhibition capability of lfabp expression of CuCl2 and Pb（Ac）₂ is greater that of HgCl₂. Moreover, Pb（Ac）₂ of 0.01 μmol/L can inhibit the expression of lfabp. Results show that the three heavy metal compounds can all significantly inhibit liver growth. Transgenic zebrafish larvae can serve as priority model for detection of environmental contaminants caused liver growth toxicity.

Protective effect of compound puerarin tablet on thoracic aorta injury of aged rats

LI Yunjiang，SUN Lin，BI Yunsheng，ZHANG Shuyu，YU Yanli

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  60-64.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.010

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We divided rats into model group and normal group, and high, middle and low dose group of compound puerarin tablet to investigate the impact of compound puerarin tablet on D-galactose induced serum homocysteine (Hcy) level and protective effect on thoracic aorta injury of aged rats. We employed subcutaneous D-galactose injection to establish rats aging model, AU5800 automatic biochemical analyzer to detect Hcy content in rats serum, and SPSS16 to analyze Hcy content and weight difference of each group. We also performed HE staining to rats thoracic aorta and observed its pathological changes with a light microscope. Results show that significant difference (P<0.01) exists in Hcy level and weight of model group and normal group, each dose group and model group. Different dose groups have different protective effects on thoracic aortic vessels, especially for the high dose group having best protective effect. We discover that compound puerarin tablets can reduce Hcy levels in D-galactose induced old rats serum and have protective effects on vascular injury of thoracic aorta.

New Materials

Impact of Sr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy

ZHAO Houliang, ZHOU Jixue, TANG Shouqiu, WANG Jinwei,ZHANG Linlin, CHEN Yanfei, LI Changlong, WU Jianhua

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  65-69.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.011

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We analyzed the impact of Sr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy through Al10Sr master alloy addition. Results show that mechanical properties of A356 alloy first increase and then decrease with the increase of Sr content. It has tensile strength of 204 MPa and elongation rate of 10.4% for Sr content of 0.03%. The two parameters are improved by 18% and 189%, as compared with unmodified A356 alloy. Microstructure analysis indicates that Sr addition can significantly change the morphology of eutectic silicon, from coarse plate form to fine fibrous or particle form, so its mechanical properties are improved.

Finite element based research on ultrasonic spectral characteristic of inner wall defect of metal materials

SUN Jihua, ZHAO Yang, NAN Gangyang, MA Jian, LIU Shuai，JU Yang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  70-75.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.012

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We construct an absorption boundary and free boundary combined model for inner wall defect of metal materials. We further simulate ultrasonic spectral characteristic of concave groove of different width inner wall. We also acquire the impact of different sized groove on spectral characteristic of ultrasonic propagation by wave field snapshots, timedomain signal and spectral analysis, and such regularly variant frequency domain characteristics as central frequency, bandwidth, half width and peaks. The results provide a reference for the theory and experiment of ultrasonic testing spectral analysis.

Energy and Power

Transport numerical simulation of Na+ and K+ in NaKBASE tube with different temperatures and tortuosity

GUAN Ning,LIU Zhigang, JIANG Guilin, ZHANG Chengwu,L Mingming

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  76-80.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.013

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We established a fractal model for the microstructure of NaK-BASE tube with the transport of Na+ and K+ in NaK-BASE tube as a subject. We simulated the transport of Na+ and K+ in NaK-BASE tube with PoissonNernstPlanck multiions transport model. We also investigated ion transport process in NaK-BASE tube with different temperatures. Results show that cation transport concentration and surface charge density of Na+ and K+ have direct relationship with the temperature of NaK-BASE tube. Peak value of cation concentration in NaK-BASE tube will decrease with the increase of BASE tube temperature. Peak value of Na+ and K+ can be enhanced by the increase of NaK-BASE tube tortuosity. Moreover, surface charge density of Na+ and K+ in BASE tube gradually increases with the increase of temperature. Discrepancy of surface charge density gradually increases with the increase of tortuosity.

Influential factors of bubble length in a T-junction microchannel

Lü Mingming, LIU Zhigang, GUAN Ning, WANG Shuzhong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  81-89.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.014

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We performed numerical simulation for bubble formation process in a T-junction microchannel with volume of fluid method (VOF). We also analyzed the impact of gas/liquid fluid velocity, fluid properties and microchannel diameter on bubble length based on bubble formation mechanism. Results demonstrate that the bubble length exponentially increases with the increase of gas fraction in T-junction microchannel, but gas/liquid fluid velocity has little effect on bubble length for fixed gas fraction. Liquid viscosity and surface tension comparatively have less effect on bubble length. When surface tension of liquid phase reduces from 0.072 N·m-1 to 0.01 N·m-1, the bubble length in T-junction microchannel decreases by 18%. This is because that maximum neck width and collapse time decrease in expansion stage of bubble formation process. The bubble length increases with the increase of microchannel diameter, but dimensionless length of the bubble is less influenced by microchannel diameter.

Biosensors

Development of biosensors based online analysis system for fermentation process

ZHU Sirong, ZHOU Wanli, BI Chunyuan, ZHANG Liqun, YANG Yan, ZHANG Jinling,ZHAO Xiaohua

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  90-97.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.015

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We developed a biosensors based online automatic sampling and analysis system in fermentation process for the requirements of automatic optimization control in fermentation process. We presented its analytical principle and structure components and detailed its automatic sampling, sample dilution and biosensor signal processing. It can automatically analyze such important biochemical parameters as glucose, lactic acid and glutamic acid, and send analytical results to fermentation controller through a 485 interface or a 4~20 mA analog interface. It can therefore provide biochemical analytical data for fermentation control. We further tested experiment prototype with glucose standard sample as fermentation broth. Results show that it has higher analytical accuracy and can satisfy the requirements of fermentation process analysis.

Impact of Thermophilic lactobacillus fermentation broth on corn steeping

LIU Qingai, MA Yaohong, YANG Junhui, MENG Qingjun, YANG Yan, MA Heng, SHI Jianguo

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  98-80.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.016

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We screened out high temperature (50℃)resistant Thermophilic lactobacillus strain from corn steep liquor, and drew its growth curve and acid yield curve. We then employed Thermophilic lactobacillus fermentation broth with 10% inoculation size to study the impact of Thermophilic lactobacillus on corn steeping. Results show that Thermophilic lactobacillus fermentation broth can effectively increase water absorption and starch yield of corn. Duration time of corn moisture saturation is reduced from 20 h to 10 h, and starch yield is increased from 59.22% to 63.23%.

Tranfic and Transportation

Optimization of railway pallet-suited freight loading scheme

QIN Jian

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  103-110.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.017

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We construct an optimization model for similar rectangular freights loaded freight trains with pallets based on railway freight loading constraints. We initially solve pallets layout of carriage bottom with improved twodimensional layout optimization algorithm. We further determine optimal stacking pallet layers in a carriage, and obtain optimal loading scheme. Instance analytical results show that the model is effective for solving railway similar pallet applied freight loading problem.

Prospect theory based dynamic route choice model

SHI Guoqi，JIA Fuqiang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  111-116.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.018

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Travelers often dynamically select their routes since their route choice behaviors are influenced by many uncertain factors in practical travel process. We establish a prospect theory based dynamic route choice model from bounded rationality and change on the way in route choice. We further present a dynamic route choice model more applicable to people thinking habit. It allows a traveler to dynamically adjust the route based on road situation. We also verify its correctness and applicability through practical instances. Results show that a traveler can change route on the way when he meets a congested road section. He will choose a risky route if his psychological expected time cannot be satisfied.

Other Research Article

Polynomial fitting interpolation function based trajectory planning for a palletizing robot

XIA Zhengya，HONG Liang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  117-123.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.019

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We present a new polynomial fitting interpolation function and joint space based trajectory planning with 4DOF palletizing robot as a subject. It can not only guarantee speed, acceleration and even jerk bound and continuation, but also acquire the shortest execution time for different restricted conditions. We also implement further combination and optimization of joint movement process based on the specific mechanical structure, movement mode and terminal movement route of the robot, so programming control is simple. We then employ MATLAB to simulate fitting curves, and investigate the performance of symmetric and asymmetric fitting curves. Motion control of palletizing robot is eventually realized with software Trio Motion Perfect. Results show that the trajectory planning is accurate, feasible and efficient.

Analysis of ground stress measurement and results for Jinkouling mining area

JIANG Feng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(5):  124-130.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.05.020

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To optimize mining sequence and roadway design of Jinkouling copper mine, we calculate original rock mining stress and acquire its magnitude and direction and their distribution pattern with 3D borehole to relief meter, hollow inclusion strain, surrounding pressure test, and elasticity theory. Results show that maximum main stress direction of each measurement point approximates to horizontal direction, consistent with regional tectonic stress direction. However, minimum main stress direction is close to vertical direction. The three main stresses are all compressive stress, no tensile stress, identical to the measurement of Chinese universal ground stress. The method provides a reference for other similar engineering stress test.