Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system is a nonlinear, multivariable and strong coupling system, so its model is very difficult to be constructed with traditional modeling method. We establish a SOFC system model with BP neural network and MATLAB/Simulink platform.We further increase PID control based on the model and closed loop control system analysis. Experimental results show that the model has high prediction accuracy, and the relative error between temperature data from the model and actual data is 0.011%.The increased PID control algorithm has stronger antiinterference capability.

In view of low efficiency and implementation difficulty of Delphi 7 based wave estimation algorithm, we realize wave estimation capability of upper computer software with Delphi 7 and MATLAB 7.0 mixed programming.The method is simple and has short development period.We also compare calculation result between uppercomputer software and Nortek company commercial software Quickwave. Results show that wave estimation result of uppercomputer software is accurate.The presented mixed programming method can effectively estimate wave functionality of uppercomputer software.

We presented preparation technique of the certified reference material for Echinacoside. We employed column chromatography and highspeed countercurrent chromatography to separate and prepare Echinacoside, and MS, UV, IR and NMR to elucidate its chemical structure. We also checked its homogeneity and stability. It was then cooperatively certified through eight domestic qualified laboratories. Results show that it has certified value of 99.15%, expanded uncertainty of 0.66% (corresponding to confidence coefficient of 95%). This demonstrates that it conforms with technical requirements on a certified reference material, so it can be applied to Echinacoside detection and analysis and test and quality control of relative products.

We use origin identification, microscope identification, molecule identification, UV and HPLC to preliminarily analyze chemical constituents of the alien invasive plant Erigeron philadelphicus L. We also compare pollen grain and DNA sequence between Erigeron philadelphicus L. and its similar plant Erigeron annuus(L.) Pers.Results show that predominant microscopic characters of  E. Philadelphicus L. powder are pollen grain, infinitive stomata, multicell nonglandular hairs,pappus,vessel, etc. Form distinction of their pollen grains is significant.The difference of their DNA sequence is obvious. Total flavonoids content of Erigeron philadelphicus L. is 0.59% and we do not find its breviscapine.

We employed molecularly imprinted technology to prepare dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) with high selectivity and affinity to dencichine with glycylDLleucine (GL) as a dummy template and DMSO as porefoaming agent. Absorption isotherm experiment show that DMIPs have higher absorption capability to dencichine, as compared with nonimprinted polymers (NIPs). In absorption kinetics experiment, DMIPs can rapidly absorb dencichine,attaining 91.6% of the maximum absorbing capacity with only 15 minutes. In selection experiment, DMIPs have better selective recognition capability to different analogues of dencichine, but NIPs do not have. This shows that DMIPs have extraction and separation potency to dencichine from aqueous solution as highly selective material.

We performed microarc oxidation for artificial hip joints with WE43 magnesium alloy in sodium silicate system. We employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the microstructure of microarc oxidation coating and then conducted friction and wear test to investigate its wear mechanism.Results show that uniform and dense oxidation coating can be acquired after microarc oxidation.The coating has a certain friction reduction and anticyclic fatigue capabilities, so its antiwear effect is better.The wear mechanism of microarc oxidation of WE43 magnesium alloy is only abrasive wear for light and medium loads. However,spalling wear and abrasive wear coexist for heavy loads.

We addressed the impact of magnesium element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded high aluminum zinc alloy. Results show that tensile strength of alloy increases from 366 MPa to 467 MPa for 0.015% Mg addition, as compared with none Mg alloy. Its brinell hardness increases from HB91 to HB114 and extension rate decreases from 43.6% to 27%.For solution treatment of 320 ℃×2 h water quenching,its tensile strength increases from 389 MPa to 488 MPa, its brinell hardness increases from HB107 to HB139 and extension rate decreases from 41% to 28.3%. Mg element can affect transformation of supersaturated β phase and morphology of decomposition product, and hinder alloy eutectoid decomposition and dissolution precipitation at room temperature.

We employed materialaggomerating granulation method to prepare good form ball billets and pressureless sintering approach to make high purity alumina ceramic balls to address the impact of molding and sintering process on wear resistance of high purity alumina ceramic balls. Results indicate that rotating speed and time of a ball forming mill have great influence on size distribution of high purity alumina ceramic balls. With the increase of sintering temperature and time, their mass density gradually increases, but their wear rate gradually decreases. Their mass density and wear rate are respectively 3.15 g/cm3and 0.63% at 1 500℃ and for 210 minutes.

Biogas anaerobic digestion (AD) process involves in synergy of complicated microorganism communities in anaerobic condition. Factors variation of the AD process may cause the variation of community composition, which may further affect stability and efficiency of a fermentation system. We address the factors affecting stability and efficiency of biogas AD process, including fermentation temperature,pH value,C/N ratio,OLR and retention time, macronutrients and trace elements.Mixed raw materials in AD process can compensate nutrient deficiency of single raw material and the impact of specific component accumulation on AD process stability. For temperature selection of AD process, if input and output energy ratio is fully considered, economy of AD process can be guaranteed.

We perform pyrolysis experiments on a fixed bed reactor at 400, 450, 500 and 550 ℃ with corn straw, wheat straw and cotton straw as raw materials. We then obtain three biomassfastpyrolysis biooils. 500 ℃ is the optimal temperature for obtaining the highest average biooil yield. We further employ Gas ChromatographMass Spectrometercomputer (GC-MS）to determine their main chemical components and mass content at 500 ℃. Experimental results show that the kind of biomass materials has significant impact on biooil chemical components and contents. Biooil from every raw material has its own unique chemical compounds whose contents are also different. However, major components are approximately identical. Ketones are rich in biooil from corn stalk, and acids next. While acid is rich in biooil from wheat straw and cotton stalk, and ketones next.

We compared the difference of waiting endurance time distribution and its influential factors for pedestrians and bicyclists with survivor analysis methods to explore the distinction between crossing behavior of pedestrians and bicyclists at signal intersections. We obtained 1595 behavior data of pedestrians and bicyclists by coding videos at Beijing seven typical signal intersections. We further employed product limit method and Cox proportional hazard model to compare the difference of waiting endurance time distribution and that of influential factors of waiting behavior of pedestrians and bicyclists. Results indicate that no significant difference exists in their waiting time distributions. However, some significant differences exist in the influential factors of their waiting endurance behavior and influential extent. Bicyclists are more sensitive to waiting positions and traffic law violator numbers upon their arrival, while pedestrians are more sensitive to waiting people numbers and vehicle volume upon their arrival.

We present technical parameters and characteristics of a threeunitarticulated railcar for special car shipping and compare them with those of SQ5 and SQ6 auto rack car. We further calculate and analyze loading effect of threeunitarticulated railcar for the shipping of different lengths of cars.We eventually perform qualitative and quantitative analysis from its effective utilization rate, saving of marshalling trains and income. Results indicate that the threeunitarticulated railcar can achieve better practical application effect, which provides decision support for the popularization and application of threeunitarticulated railcar.

We prove that buying strategy should be applied only if realtime price equals to accumulated rent amount to obtain approximately optimal online strategy with the smallest competitive ratio whose upperbound is 2 under the decrease of purchase price and rent with time and indefinite decision time.We analyze serial relationship between different market crushing time and equipment buying time and quantitative relationship between purchase price and accumulated rent for such two cases as constant price and rent and general situation. Our conclusion will provide a theoretical reference for the application of rentingbuying balance strategy in practical rent-buy decision.

We obtain two lemmas for harmonic index of graphs through the transforms changing leaf numbers.We further prove the sharp bounds for harmonic index of tree and unicyclic graphs with fixed order.We also present the corresponding extremal graphs.

We survey the phase behavior and related applications of such microemulsion systems as ionic liquid / oil / surfactant, ionic liquid / ionic liquid / surfactant and ionic liquid / water / surfactant. We address the impact of water, temperature and other influential factors on ionic liquid microemulsion. The type of ionic liquid is various, and comprehensive study on various types of ionic liquid microemulsion is quite scarce.Further study lacks in the properties of microemulsion aggregates.We estimate that ionic liquid microemulsion will develop in new systems exploitation, intensification of aggregate properties and its applications.

Trichoderma strain TW22166 was isolated from soil samples of Dongting Lake mudflat wetland of Hunan province, China. Its conidiophores had a strongly developed central axis from which phialides arise singly over several levels below the tip a single phialide terminating a basal cell with a short, spurlike phialide arising as an outgrowth of the basal cell at the septum. Through detecting molecular markers (ITS,tef1 and rpb2), we discovered that its homology with Trichoderma capillare was more than 99% by NCBI. In rpb2 sequences based phylogenetic tree, strain TW22166 and Trichoderma capillare strain GJS 0666 ［JN175530.1］ were on one identical branch.Strain TW22166 exhibited antifungal capability against 9 plant pathogenic fungi on PDA plate, and its inhibition ratio against Fusarium oxysporum was up to 100.0%. It had proteinase, chitinase and cellulase activity, among which proteinase activity was higher and its hydrolyzation radius was 16.0 mm.Strain TW22166 was identified as Trichoderma capillare,a Chinese new record of genus Trichoderma which was a potential biological prevention and control strain.

We addressed the optimal N, P and K application rates to gain the maximum biomass accumulation of apple container seedlings by comparison of growth distinctions of their different application rates. We also designed 24 different combinations of N, P and K nutrients treatment with three factors five levels quadratic orthogonal rotation design with oneyear living apple container seedlings as experimental subjects.Results show that different N, P and K application rates have significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01) effects on the growth characters of apple container seedlings. We constructed a regressive model between N, P and K application rates and biomass accumulation of apple container seedlings with SPSS19.0 as a statistical analysis tool. Analysis results demonstrate that N, P and K application rates all have positive effects on the biomass accumulation of apple container seedlings with an order of x_N>x_K>x_P.However, the interactions among N,P,K application rates all display negative effects by an order of x_Nx_K>x_Nx_P>x_Px_K.Application rate of N has positive effect, but the interactions between N and K application rate and excessive application of P and K cause negative effects on the growth of apple container seedlings. Optimal application rate of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O are respectively 43.33 mg/L,28.28 mg/L and 93.94 mg/L,based on which the total biomass of apple container seedlings can attain the theoretical maximum of 94.334 g/plant.

In view of the issue of lacking reasonable control method in indoor thermal environment regulation, we design an indoor thermal comfort controller based on analysis of the influence of air temperature, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature and air velocity on PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) index, human body comfort model based fuzzy control, embedded chip ARM9 and wireless sensor networks. We also present its system composition and decision method. The controller not only is convenient to be deployed, but also can reduce energy consumption caused by indoor thermal environment regulation based on guaranteeing human body comfort index.

For the requirement of food safety, traceability and regulation, we design a special control system for highspeed filling line with a OmniView based video detection system. It is developed based on SKPLC and WINCE Qt 4.7.3, and has such special functionalities as quality inspection for appearance, removing of bad products, checking for production date, bar code & two dimensional code,and batch code. We merge filling and detection. It has been applied in largecapacity aseptic carton filling machine, and satisfies highspeed requirement of filling line. It is stable and reliable, and improves the quality of filling products.It can also provide evidence for the whole traceable process.

Three iridoid glycoside compounds were purified and isolated from leaves of Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica) with silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Through analysis of spectrum data and physicochemical properties, we identified them as secoxyloganin, demethylsecologanol, secologanin,β-sitosterol  and daucosterol.Compound demethylsecologanol  is originally isolated from Lonicera.

We established a HPLC method for content determination of puerarin, daidzin and icariin in Fugu Huangtong Dispersible Tablets. It involves Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm), mobile phase acetonitrilewateracetic acid solution with flow rate of 0.8 mL·min1 and column temperature of 25 ℃, detection wavelength of 250 nm for puerarin and daidzin, and detection wavelength of 270 nm for icariin. Experimental results show that puerarin has better linear relationship with peak area in the range of 0.002 08 mg/mL～0.104 mg/mL, recovery rate of 100.29% and relative standard deviation of 0.89%. Daidzin has better linear relationship with peak area in the range of 0.000 98 mg/mL～0.039 2 mg/mL, recovery rate of 98.29% and relative standard deviation of 1.29%. Icariin has better linear relationship with peak area in the range of 0.001 04 mg/mL～0.041 6 mg/mL, recovery rate of 99.07% and relative standard deviation of 1.08%. The method is of simplicity, accuracy, good reproducibility and stability, so it can be applied to quality control of Fugu Huangtong Dispersible Tablets.

We employed HPLC to determine the content of securinine and allosecurinine from every section of Securinega suffruticosa.Results show that securinine content is w_{root bark} >w_{fine root}>w_{limb skin}>w_xylem>w_{bud (jinan)}>w_{branches and leaves}>w_root>w_{bud (linyi)}.Allosecurinine content is w_{root bark}>w_{fine root}>w_xylem>w_{limb skin}>w_root>w_{bud (linyi)}>w_{bud (jinan)}>w_{branches and leaves}.The experiments provide scientific reference for qualitative and quantitative determination of securinine and allosecurinine from Securinega suffruticosa.

We employ MTT to investigate inhibitory effect of different concentrations of aloe emodin (AE) on the proliferation of cervical cancer cell SiHa. We further establish zebrafish xenograft model by injecting SiHa into the yolk sac of 48 hpf zebrafish. The zebrafish is then treated with different concentrations of AE to investigate proliferation and migration of cancer cell in zebrafish. Results show that growth inhibition rate of AE on SiHa significantly increases with the increase of AE concentration and action time, a certain concentrationtimeeffect dependence. In vivo experiment shows that AE has inhibitory effect on the proliferation and metastasis of zebrafish xenograft. Our research indicates that AE has the potential of cervical anticancer drug. The zebrafish xenograft model can also be an important model of cervical cancer research and its drug assessment.

We addressed the activity of bone mineralization promotion of different concentrations of glucosamine hydrochloride and epimedium extract based on zebrafish model. We selected 72 hpf normal growth zebrafish embryos as subjects, and cultivation water as control group or different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL) of glucosamine hydrochloride solutions or epimedium extract solutions as experiment group. After fourday cultivation, all the zebrafish was dyed for 1 h with 0.2% calcein. We then observed their skeleton growth with a microscope, and calculated its stained area through an image analysis software. Results indicate that glucosamine hydrochloride and epimedium extract of all experiment groups all have some promotion effect on skeleton mineralization of zebrafish, as compared with control group, obvious dose dependence. This shows that both glucosamine hydrochloride and epimedium extract have significant bone mineralization activity to zebrafish. Moreover, glucosamine hydrochloride has better mineralization activity than epimedium extract for the same concentration.

We employ S180 solid tumor model at the armpit of mouselet to comprehensively evaluate antitumor effect of Cordyceps militaris capsules on S180 mouselet through the test for such parameters as tumor inhibition rate, immune organ weight and serum NSE, CEA and CA72-4. Results show that medium and high dosage Cordyceps military capsule can significantly inhibit the growth of S180 solid tumor (P<0.05). High, medium and low dosage Cordyceps military capsule can all extend survival time of S180 ascites sarcoma mouselet. High, medium and low dosage Cordyceps military capsule can all reduce the value of serum neuron specific enolase (NSE). Medium and low dosage Cordyceps military capsule can increase the value of serum CEA. High dosage Cordyceps military capsule can increase the value of serum CA72-4, but medium and low dosage Cordyceps military capsule can reduce the value of serum CA72-4. These experiments show that Cordyceps militaris capsule has certain antitumor effect on S180 mouselet.

With four different Al-Si alloys Al-12Si, Al-10SiMg, Al-7SiMg and Al-5Si as subjects, we characterized their physical properties of particle morphology, particle size distribution and fluidity. We conducted selective laser melting (SLM) formation experiment and acquired optimized SLM technology parameters. We also analyzed density, microstructure and fracture surface of formed samples. We further investigated the impact of such powder characteristics as particle size, morphology, and distribution on SLM formation properties. Results show that particle morphology, size distribution, flow ability of Al-Si powders will highly affect the SLM formation properties. The better sphericity and fluidity of Al-Si powders are, the less their particle size distribution scope is. The higher the density of SLM formed samples is, the less the defect in their microstructures is. Their formation property is therefore better.

We analyze such failure reasons of steel plate Q235B fracture of gas generator as its chemical composition, fracture appearance and inclusion composition by a spectrometer, a metallurgical microscope, an electron probe, etc. We discover that the main causes of the steel plate fracture are sulfidesilicate inclusion and strip metallographic structure in the steel plate. We further present such prevention and improvement measures as inclusion reduction, normalizing processing or strip structure elimination through diffusion annealing.

We construct highly efficient ejectorabsorption composite gas water heater with operating principle of an ejector. We further design its physical and mathematical models with ammoniawater solution as working fluid. We also calculate the proportion of each heat exchanger based on the selection of reasonable matching parameters. Results indicate that high temperature heat exchanger can absorb the maximum gas heat, more than 40% of total transferred heat. However, low temperature heat exchanger can absorb the minimum gas heat, no more than 25% of the total transferred heat. Thermal efficiency of the heater can attain more than 110% in winter, and even more than 120% in summer. High efficiency and energy saving can therefore be practically implemented.

We measured thermogravimetric curve for ionic liquid ［bmim］Zn₂Cl₅ at T= (323.15~1 173.15) K. Results show that ［bmim］Zn₂Cl₅ has higher thermal stability at T < 637.15 K. We acquired heat capacity data of ［bmim］Zn2Cl5 through DSC scan, which could be well fitted with a conic curve at T= (251.15~383.15) K. We measured mole excess enthalpy of binary system ［bmim］Zn₂Cl₅ (2) + NH₃ (1) for ammonia molar fractions x1 = (0.60 ~ 0.95) at T=288.15 K,303.15 K,318.15 K,333.15 K.We employed NRTL model to fit excess enthalpy data and acquired binary adjustable parameters and nonrandom parameters. Measurement error and maximum fitting deviation of excess enthalpy data are respectively less than 4.8% and 4.3%. Based on heat capacity of ［bmim］Zn₂Cl₅ and excess enthalpy data of ［bmim］Zn₂Cl₅/NH₃, we also calculated the enthalpy of ［bmim］Zn₂Cl₅/NH₃ solution for ammonia mass fractions of w1 = (0 ~1) and temperature scope T=(273.15 ~ 343.15) K. The obtained enthalpyconcentration diagram is essential to the investigation of the thermodynamic performances of ［bmim］Zn₂Cl₅/NH₃ absorption refrigeration system.

Glycerol is an important industrial raw material and has been broadly applied in national defense, chemical industry, paint, food, daily chemicals, pharmacy, pesticide, biological products, etc. It has an important effect on output control of fermented products, diesel quality control, cosmetics freshness and the availability of frozen blood. We survey the application advances of recent glycerol content detection methods such as malaprade oxidation, Cu²⁺ colorimetry, enzymatic catalysisspectrophotometric methods. We suppose future development trend of its detection method is combination of conventional detection technologies with new nanometer materials and new detection technology, further improvement of specificity and sensitivity of its detection, instrumentation, automation, miniaturization and rapidness of its content detection, and continuous, remote, realtime and online monitoring for its content with the aid of Internet and cloud technologies.

We changed the properties of buckwheat flour with lactic acid bacteria fermentation method. Results indicate that glutenin swelling index of fermented buckwheat flour increases by up to 83.8 %, and that its moistureholding capacity and solubility respectively increase by 1.7 and 1.4folds. Moreover, the contents of soluble glucose and reducing sugar in fermented buckwheat flour respectively increase by 46.0 % and 35.9 %, but the contents of starch and total sugar decrease to some extent. These varieties improve the ductility, transparency and absorbent of buckwheat flour. These significantly enhance its edible qualities of chewiness and elasticity.

To learn the structure and network characteristics of urban road transportation network, we employ original method to construct a model based on practical topological data and traffic flow data. We construct urban road transportation network model with an intersection as an abstract vertex and a road as an abstract network edge. Through MATLAB and pajek computation, we analyze statistical characteristics of road abstract network, infrastructure network and dynamic traffic network. Strength distribution analysis of infrastructure network and dynamic traffic network demonstrate that such two Beijing urban road networks are all scalefree networks. By such characteristic indexes as vertex strength and the betweenness of the infrastructure network, we acquire the important intersections and road segments of Beijing city. We eventually analyze the important statistical characteristics of the three networks in different network failure conditions through simulations. Results show that the infrastructure network and dynamic traffic network of Beijing urban roads are of both robustness and vulnerability.

For insufficient reliability in current transit service satisfaction evaluation, we present a five element connection degree model that can both qualitatively and quantitatively analyze transit service satisfaction degree. We also apply entropy method that can measure the information content of individual index to determine the weight of individual index. Empirical analysis and comparison with assessment results of different methods show that evaluation results of entropy weight based five element connection degree model are more reasonable and objective.

We apply barycentric rational interpolation collocation method (BRICM) to the bending problem of a thin plate in polar coordinates. It approximates an unknown function with barycentric rational interpolation by compelling a biharmonic equation to equal to the unknown function at discrete nodes, and acquires the discrete algebraic equations of the biharmonic equation. It further denotes the discrete algebraic equations as a matrix by the differential matrix of barycentric rational interpolation. It eventually solves the differential equations with a boundary conditions mixed replacement method. Numerical instances demonstrate that the method has simple calculation formulae for bending problem of a thin plate in polar coordinates, convenient program and high calculation precision.

We address Drazin inverse of the addition of two matrices. We present a new proof approach of Drazin inverse of the addition of two matrices in some given conditions with the separation of a block matrix into two triangular matrices and the relevant properties of Drazin inverse.

We generalize Green’s ρ relations from usual semigroups into (n,m)-semigroups. We further define left congruence, quasistrong ρ-broad (n,m)-semigroups and strong ρbroad (n,m)-semigroups and address their fundamental properties.

We employ complement distributed algorithm to simplify addition, subtraction and multiplication of signed number, unsigned number and the number with mixed symbols. We further design a new multiplyaccumulator structure through improving tree structure of an accumulator and logic circuit of a full adder. It is implemented with EP1C3T144C8 device from Altera company. Its effectiveness is proved through multiplyaccumulating functionality and timing simulation result of six ninebit signed operands. Its design overcomes the negatives of large RAM resource occupancy and no coefficient update of conventional distributed algorithm (DA). It can therefore be applied to the design of digital filters, and digital signal processors (DSP) as a rapid compute unit.

In view of the negatives of conventional user modeling technology in personalized recommendation system, we apply the theory and method of domain ontology to personalized recommendation of ecommerce, and design an ontology technology and clothing information combined recommendation model. We implement the construction procedure of clothing ontology with ontology editor tool Protégé. Feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified on practical datasets. It has higher prediction accuracy, as compared with existing recommendation models.

We apply springdamper vibration isolation technology to a steel scrap crusher for the issue of its excessive vibration. Based on vibration isolation theory, we design a springdamper isolator with tuning ratio of 3.74 and damping ratio of 0.1. It reduces the maximum vibration velocity to control cabin and foundation from 4.83 mm/s to 1.82 mm/s. Twoyear practical operation demonstrates that the design can guarantee the health of workers and enhance the safety of a crusher and outbuildings. Vibration isolation efficiency increases by 30%, as compared with the original design. The vibration isolation design therefore has broad market prospect.