Table of Content

27 July 2020 Volume 33 Issue 4

  

Development of high performance gel chromatography for the determination of inulin polymerization

LI Ling-yu, LI Yu-chen, ZUO Zhao-he, TIAN bao-lan, ZHENG Zhen-jia

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  1-6.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.001

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Inulin is a type of natural macromolecular polysaccharide and its physiological activity and processing characteristics are affected by the degree of polymerization.In this study,OHpak SB-802.5 HQ was used as the chromatographic column.The injection volume was 20 μL,the column temperature was 30 ℃,the mobile phase was 0.3 moL/L NaNO₃ solution,and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min.The cubic equation curve was fitted using GPC software.The molecular weights of nine samples were measured using high-performance gel chromatography and the degree of polymerization was calculated. Results showed that the inulin polymerization degree of inulin of nine samples ranged between 10 and 29 and the polymerization degree of different batches and varieties of the same raw material were different. The proposed method provides a reference for analyzing the structural properties and controlling the product quality of inulin.

Optimization of the molding process for Linbitong granules using central composite design-response surface methodology

DU Qing-wei, YUAN Min , LIANG Rui-xue

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  7-12.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.002

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This study aims to optimize the molding process of Linbitong granules.The forming process of Linbitong granules was optimized using central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM), taking the total optical density (OD) value of the molding rate, angle of repose, hygroscopic rate, and solubility as the evaluation indexes and the excipient dosage, ethanol volume fraction, and ethanol dosage as the investigation factors. Results show that the optimum molding process condition includes a mass ratio of dry paste powder to dextrin of 1:1, ethanol volume fraction of 90.0%, and ethanol dosage of 6.0 g of 90.0% ethanol for every 10.0 g of dry paste powder. The total OD value is 0.7401, which is equivalent to the predicted value of 0.7663.The proposed method has high predictability and stability, and the Linbitong granules prepared using this method have high molding rate, good fluidity, strong antihygroscopicity, and good melting property. This method provides a theoretical reference for the industrial production of such compounds.

A study on in vitro anticoagulant activity from different parts of Whitmania pigra Whitman by bionic extraction

WANG Chang-lin, LIU Guo-fei, XIANG Ze-dong, DONG Ping-ping, ZHAO Hong-jin, GAO Peng, DAI Long

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  13-17.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.003

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o study the anticoagulant activity from different parts of the Whitmania pigra Whitman, saline extraction and bionic extraction method were used respectively to extract the anticoagulant activity component in viscera, muscles, and hanging dry products of W. pigra. Thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and antithrombin activity were selected as the activity indicators to evaluate the anticoagulant activities. It was found that when saline extraction was used, the TT and APTT of viscera were higher than those of muscles and hanging dry products, and there was no significant difference in the PT and antithrombin activity. When bionic extraction was adopted, in the TT and antithrombin activity experiment, the anticoagulant activity of viscera was lower than that of muscles and hanging dry products. In the APTT indicator measurement, viscera had strong anticoagulant activity compared with muscles and dried products, whereas there was no significant difference in the anticoagulant activity of various parts in the PT indicator measurement. Bionic extraction is more scientific than saline extraction because it stimulates the digestion process of W. pigra after oral administration. Therefore, different parts of W. pigra have different anticoagulant activities binding to different coagulation pathways, and the basis of anticoagulant materials is relatively dispersed.

Application of partial least squares regression analysis in the study of the antibacterial spectrum-effect relationship and mathematical model of Scutellariae Radix

DING Xiao-yan, ZU Long-hui, WANG Bian-li

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  18-23.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.004

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Based on the fingerprint of Scutellariae Radix and its inhibition rate of Staphylococcus aureus, the partial least squares regression method was used to analyze the correlation of the antibacterial spectrum-effect relationship, and a mathematical model was established. Results showed that five components in Scutellariae Radix have a significant effect on the bacteriostasis rate. The established model could predict the efficacy of Scutellariae Radix with a deviation of less than 10%, indicating the desired prediction for the efficacy. The partial least squares regression method and the established mathematical model can provide an effective way to predict the inhibition rate of Staphylococcus aureus for the efficacy of Scutellariae Radix.

Potential mechanism of the Magnolia Officinalis Cortex-Armeniacae Semen Amarum combination in the treatment of asthma based on network pharmacology

LI Huan-min, LI Xin-min, SUN Dan, HAN Yao-wei, SUN Ting, LU Yang, CHEN Hong-xiang

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  24-33.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.005

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In the present study, network pharmacological methods were used to analyze the potential mechanism of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex-Armeniacae Semen Amarum combination in the treatment of asthma. We searched the chemical constituents and related information of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Magnolia Officinalis Cortex-Armeniacae Semen Amarum combination using the BATMAN-TCM database, disease-related information using the PALM-IST database, and construct target protein interaction network based on the String database. Cytoscape v3.5.1 software was used for the visual analysis of drugtarget interaction. The DAVID database and ClueGO + CluePedia plug-in for Cytoscape v3.5.1 were used for GO biofunctional enrichment analysis and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis of the key drug targets. In the present study, 51 compounds and 435 targets of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex-Armeniacae Semen Amarum combination were found. There were 415 targets related to asthma.Further, 14 key targets  for drug treatment of the disease were obtained, such as tumor necrosis factor, catalase, interleukin-13, and β2-adrenergic receptor. GO gene analysis mainly involves biological processes such as stress response regulation, innate immune response regulation, defense response, acute inflammatory response, response to stimulus, blood coagulation and hemostasis regulation, self-internal stability, and reactive oxygen species metabolic process. KEGG analysis was primarily involved in NF-κB, IL-17, FcεRI, Toll receptor, FoxO, and other signaling pathways. In conclusion, we observed that the Magnolia Officinalis Cortex-Armeniacae Semen Amarum combination can play potential therapeutic roles in chronic airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness in asthma via multiple targets, approaches, and pathways.

Research progress on endohyphal bacteria  and their symbiosis with host fungi

WU Yuan-zheng, LI Jin-ping, LI Dan-dan, LIU Bao-jun, HU Jin-dong, LI Ji-shun, YANG He-tong

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  34-45.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.006

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Microbial symbioses are ubiquitous in nature wherein fungalbacterial complexes can interact in diverse ways and collectively perform various ecological functions. Some bacteria reside within the hyphae of fungi and regulate the growth, development, distribution, and secondary metabolism of the fungi; these bacteria are referred to as endohyphal bacteria (EHB). Recent studies on EHB have revealed a novel chapter in microbial ecology that represents the most intimate interaction among fungi and bacteria symbioses. EHB have been found to regulate key components of host reproductive machinery, induce the production of phytohormones, and play a complementary protective role for fungi under stress conditions. The most well-studied fungi-EHB symbiotic system is the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizopus sp. and its EHB Burkholderia sp., the phytotoxin essential for causing rice seedling blight is produced by the endosymbiont rather than the host fungus. EHB were found to affect the ecology and diversity of endophytic fungi that colonize higher plants. In some cases, EHB help in activation of genes involved in the recognition processes, transcription regulation, and primary metabolic protein synthesis. Although methods have been developed to isolate EHB in axenic culture, many fungi-EHB symbiotic systems still remain unexplored. This review article focuses on EHB and endohyphal symbioses with host fungi, the complex and delicate relationships among these partners, and the effects of EHB on the growth and development of host fungi and plants and proposes future research directions in this field.

Analysis of the influence factors of the deposition layer evenness for additive remanufacting based on robot welding

YIN Zi-qiang, CHENG Wei, WANG Ning, HE Chang-ping

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  46-52.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.007

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In this study, Q235B is used as the additive remanufacture substrate and DHQ49-1 (H08Mn2SiA) is used as the cladding material. The influence of welding process parameters on the evenness of the cladding layer is investigated through the orthogonal experiment to study the influence of welding process parameters on the flatness of remanufacturing cladding forming, obtaining the optimal welding process parameters. Results indicate that the weld bead offset has the most significant influence on the layer evenness. Using the optimal parameters obtained herein, the height and width errors of the welding cladding are less than 0.3 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively. This study provides a data basis for the deposition accuracy control and process optimization of robot welding additive remanufacturing and has certain theoretical value and practical significance.


Experimental study on flow characteristics in a microchannel with a single cylinder

LI Ji-Chao, JI Can, LIU Zhi-gang, LI Hui-jun, MA Chao, CHI Wen-tao

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  53-62.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.008

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In this paper, a micro-PIV system and differential pressure measurement system is used to study the flow characteristics of deionized water in a channel with a single microcylinder in the range of 10 < Re < 430. The streamlines, dimensionless velocity field, turbulence intensity distribution of different flow layers, and pressure drop are obtained. Results show that the first and second critical Reynolds numbers of the flow around the microcylinder are approximately 10 and 430, respectively. The fluid in the wake vortex has a velocity component that is perpendicular to the flow direction, and the three-dimensional characteristics of the vortex are obvious. When Re is low, the pressure drop and the length of vortices increase slowly with Re and the viscous resistance accounts for a larger proportion. With increase in Re, the vortex gradually develops simultaneously with the increase in the proportion of shape resistance, and the pressure drop increases faster with Re. When Re = 400, the slope of the pressure drop curve rises and then gradually transforms into vortex shedding.

Bus lane network planning considering regional traffic signal timing optimization

LI Jian-ye, SONG Rui

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  63-71.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.009

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In the actual planning of a bus lane network, the influence of intersection delay and signal timing should be considered. To make the planning of bus lane networks more reasonable, considering the optimization of regional signal timing,using the green signal ratio as the optimization variable of signal timing at each intersection, a two-level planning model is established. The objective function of the upper model in this twolevel planning model is to minimize the total travel time in the network. The lower model comprises three components: the traffic mode categorization model, car passenger flow assignment model, and bus passenger flow assignment model. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the model, and the effectiveness of the model is verified by a computational example. The results show that in the planning of a bus lane network, the intersection delay cannot be ignored; by considering the intersection delay, the optimization of regional signal timing can further reduce the total travel cost of the network.

Simulations and delay-evaluations for urban rail transit under an emergency event

ZHANG Shu-tian, LI Hu, LI Zuo-zhou, NIU Ling, YANG Xin, WU Jian-jun

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  72-82.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.010

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In this paper, a system simulation method is established to simulate urban rail transit operation in the event of an emergency. Based on the actual data of Beijing Subway Yizhuang Line, we developed a simulation software by using discrete event model, Processing and G4P library. Functions include overspeed protection, train speed authorization generation, train movement control and train station control are realized. We simulated and evaluated the running scenarios of multiple-train operation on a single urban rail line and its delay conditions in an emergency event. Results showed that urban rail transit had different delay consequences when an emergency event happened at different positions or different time intervals; furthermore, those delay consequences could be relieved effectively through different operation adjustments like changing train departure and dwelling intervals.


Arrival time filling method based on bus operation data

ZHANG Ke, ZHU Yuan-qi, SHEN Jie, YANG Zi-fan, QIAN Hui-min, WANG Bei-bei

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  83-90.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.011

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Realtime bus arrival data are the basis of passenger travel behavior analysis，however, the existing bus operation data have the problem of missing arrival time data. Based on real-time bus arrival data, this study combines the operating characteristics of buses and congestion propagation, and it establishes a polynomial interpolation method that considers multi-factor weighting to fill the missing data values of bus arrival times. The filled arrival time can describe the vehicle operation process in more detail and obtain more accurate vehicle arrival interval. The proposed method is then used to complement the Beijing transit bus operation data, and a revised timetable is thus obtained. The bus operation interval and the phenomenon of bus bunching are analyzed with the updated timetable.


Location of regional airport supply center based on gravity p-median model

LEI Ji-chao, CHONG Xiao-lei, ZHANG Shi-di, YU Qing-kun, LONG Xiao-yong

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  91-100.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.012

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To address the issue of provision of airport supplies in remote areas, airport material supply centers are established based on regional logistics centers. As a result, the total cost of the regional logistics center’s cargo transportation to each branch airport is lowest, distribution efficiency is highest, and comprehensive benefits are immense. First, the regional airport Voronoi diagram is formed based on the Voronoi diagram theory, and the center of gravity method is used to determine the location of candidate points. Second, the lowest total system cost is considered as the objective function based on the gravity p-median model. According to the gravity model principle, the model combines airport material supplies, attraction of the central point, distance from the supply point to the demand point, and analysis of the demand for the materials of each airport. Using the improved immune optimization algorithm, Matlab programming, the location model was simulated. Simulation results show that based on the application of p-median model in the example, an ideal airport material center selection can be achieved. The model exhibits excellent practicability and operability.


Development of a shift control strategy for an electric 2AMT using fuzzy control logic

LIU Cheng-qiang, XU Hai-gang, ZHANG Jian-wu , LIN Lian-hua

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  101-109.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.013

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Shift control directly impacts the power and cost of electric vehicles.It is one of the important development directions for intelligent automobiles. Owing to the differences in design and development approaches of various manufacturers, there is a considerable difference in the dynamic and economic shift rules. This study focuses on the Shifeng D102 model.The dirving style is obtained by detecting the acceleration of the vehicle, and the fuzzy control algorithm is introduced into the shift rule to achieve the coordination of vehicle dynamics and cost. Finally, the Simulink model is used for performing simulation analysis under cyclic conditions, and the fuzzy control algorithm shift rule is considered to reduce power consumption while with respect to the vehicle′s dynamic performance, which results in an enhanced comprehensive performance, rendering it suitable for most working conditions.



Research on identification of impulse stroke: specific indicator of space-occupying diseases in Jin’s pulse theory

ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Xi-lin

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  110-116.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.014

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This article selected lung cancer as the research object, which is easy to be objective and has a relatively high incidence. After the sample data was screened according to the research requirements, time domain analysis methods was used to identify the pulsation period.Then,discriminant analysis, modular identification were used to analyze the relevant data in combination with the specific characteristics of Jin’s pulse.Impulse stroke and its pulse characteristics were identified through experimental research. The corresponding relationship between the lung and the corresponding pulse points was verified by the performance of impulse stroke formed by lung cancer on the same points which was consistent with the perception of researcher Jin Wei. The result can be used as one of the early auxiliary diagnosis base for lung cancer and promote the study of pulse diagnosis.


Online monitoring and forewarning technology for repeated multiple power outages in distribution networks based on multi-source information fusion

XU Ming-ming, NIU Rong-ze, XIE Rui-rui, CAO Wen-si, WU Qing

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  117-123.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.015

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To address repeated multiple power outages in distribution networks, the multi-source outage information fusion technology based on service-oriented architecture is used to analyze the factors that affect the risk of repeated multiple power outage and forewarning of power outage classification in distribution networks. The Delphi method is used to establish the index evaluation system, a scoring standard and the weight of each factor is obtained, and the risk of repeated multiple power outage and forewarning model of power outage classification in distribution networks is built. Based on the analysis of an actual power outage case, the comprehensive probability value and hierarchical warning level of repetitive power outages are obtained, and these findings provide a new solution for controlling repetitive power outages.

Improved image denoising method based on Perona-Malik model

YIN Su-ya, TANG Quan, ZHANG Xin

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  124-130.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.016

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A new image denoising model based on impulse filter and Perona-Malik(P-M) model is proposed in this study. The denoising model proposed herein can not only enhance the image details but also restrain the noise amplification and overshoot. Simultaneously, the diffusion function obtained in this study can help the model achieve better image denoising effect. Through a large number of simulation experiments, results show that the image obtained by denoising with the proposed model is superior to those obtained by the P-M model, CLMC model and traditional model in terms of both visual effect and objective evaluation. The proposed model can better preserve the details and edge features of the image while removing the noise.


Design and implementation of Internet of Things firmware security detection  system based on digital certificate identification and verification

MU Chao , YANG Ming , YANG Ming-zhao , WANG Biao , WANG Ji-zhi

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  131-135.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.017

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A security detection system for Internet of Things firmware based on digital certificate identification and verification is designed and implemented. For the firmware download from different vendors, this paper studies the method of identifying digital certificate files such as public key, private key and signature file in firmware, designs a model to verify the validity of certificate contents, builds a certificate management database, and implements a complete firmware security detection system. The experimental results show that the system can effectively identify and validate the certificates in the firmware, and successfully detect the firmware with security defects of digital certificates outside the samples.


Concentrations and risk assessment of short-chained chlorinated paraffins in fresh produce from different places of production

GAO Shan, LI Hui-juan, LIU Lan-qi , ZHAO Yan-fang

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(4):  136-144.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.04.018

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Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are a group of organochlorine mixtures with complex composition and wide application. In this experiment, 18 types of imported meat and seafood and six kinds of domestic meat and seafood samples were collected. The electron capture negative ion technology (ECNI) was used to analyze the pollution levels of SCCPs and the distribution of similar substances in samples. The average SCCPs concentration in all food samples is 289.0 ng/g. The SCCPs concentrations of imported meat and seafood rang from 134.7 ng/g to 882.7 ng/g, with an average of 291.5 ng/g; the SCCPs concentration of domestic meat and seafood rang from 119.1 ng/g to 653.3 ng/g, with an average of 281.2 ng/g. The congeners of SCCPs are mainly containing C10 and Cl7, accounting for 33.5% and 30.8% of the total SCCPs, respectively. The IED value of meat consumed through diet in the general population is 376.3 ng/（kg·d-1）, and that of seafood samples is 197.6 ng/（kg·d-1）, which are much lower than the NOAEL value of SCCPs (100 mg/（kg·d-1）). The results of risk assessment shows that SCCPs intake through diet of meat and seafood did not exhibit carcinogenic effects on human health.