Shandong Science

Threestep infrared macrofingerprint identification of water extract in peels of three varieties of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. from Changqing

YU Jingping, ZHANG Yongqing

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 1-6. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.001

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We analyze water soluble extract in peels of three varieties of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. from Changqing with threestep infrared macrofingerprint identification method. Experimental results show that form, frequency and strength of partial absorption peaks of general and secondary derivative infrared spectra exhibit certain distinctions. Obvious differences exist in the number, frequency and strength of automatic peaks of 2DIR spectra. Threestep infrared macrofingerprint identification method therefore can be rapidly and accurately applied to analysis and identification of peels of three varieties of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.

Extraction and deproteinization technology for polysaccharide from Dendrobium officinale protocorm

ZHANG Ying-jie, GEＮＧＹan-ling, WANG Xiao, LIU Feng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 7-12. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.002

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We addressed polysaccharide extraction technology from Dendrobium officinale protocorm and compared different deproteinization methods. We conducted orthogonal experiments with extraction temperature and time, and the ratio of solid and liquid as parameters. We found its optimum extraction conditions included extraction temperature of 90 ℃, extraction time of 60 minutes and solid/
liquid ratio of 1∶40 ( g/ mL) , and extraction efficiency could reach 78.51 %. We further compared Sevage, hydrochloricacid ( HCl) ,
trichloroacetic acid ( TCA ) and papain deproteinization technologies through a series of single element experiments and orthogonal optimization experiments. Experimental results show that: the fifth elution effect of Sevage is optimal,polysaccharide content of 43. 81% and protein content of 9. 67%. Elution effect is optimal, polysaccharide content of 52. 17% and protein content of 4. 82%, when HCL concentration is 25%. When TCA concentration is 0. 03 g/ mL, polysaccharide content is 35. 50 % and protein content is 7. 34 %. For papain
method, optimum extraction conditions are enzymolysis time of 90 min, temperature of 70 ℃, and enzyme content of 30 U. The corresponding
best effect is polysaccharide content of 85.01% and protein content of 5.89%.

Separation and purification of salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. by pH-zone-refining counter-current#br# chromatography

LI Huai-zhi,GONG Cheng-yu,LI Yun,YANG Peng, LI Jia, WANG Xiao

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 13-17. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.003

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We rapidly separated and purified salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. By pHzonerefining countercurrent chromatography ( pH-ZRCCC) . The extraction conditions included solvent system of ethyl acetatewater ( 1∶1, V/ V) , upper stationary phase of 10 mmol/ L trifluoroacetic acid, lower mobile phase of 20 mmol/ L NH₃ H₂ O, rotation speed of 850 r/ min, flow speed of 2. 0 mL/ min, and detection wavelength of 280 nm. Salvianolic acid B of 386 mg and rosmarinic acid of 25 mg were extractedfrom crude extract of 500 mg, whose purities were 96. 3% and 98.1% through HPLC analysis. Their compound structures were identified by ESIMS and 1 HNMR. Experimental results show that pHZRCCC is a rapid and efficient method to separate and purify salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid.

Continuous separation and preparation of parthenolide from Chrysanthemum morifolium with high-speed counter-current chromatography

SUN Zhao-lin,YAN Hui-jiao,GONG Cheng-yu,SUN Chang-lei,WANG Dai-jie,LI Jia,WANG Zhi-wei,WANG Xiao

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 18-22. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.004

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We separated and prepared parthenolide from Chrysanthemum morifolium with continuous multiple preparation and high-speed counter-current chromatography ( HSCCC) . We acquired parthenolide of 5.0, 5.2 and 5.5 mg from Chrysanthemum morifolium extract of 330, 350 and 370 mg. Their purities were respectively 93.
1%, 92. 6%, and 92. 9%. Experimental conditions were HSCCC, solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water ( 5∶5∶6∶4, V/ V) , upper stationary phase and lower mobile phase, rotation speed of 800.0 r/ min, flow rate of 2.0 mL/ min and detection wavelength of 254 nm. It shows that continuous preparation HSCCC can efficiently separate and purify parthenolide from Chrysanthemum morifolium.

Impact of extrusion ratio on microstructure and indoor temperature mechanical properties of AZ31B Magnesium alloy

LIU Yun-teng,LIN Tao，ZHOU Ji-xue,ZHUANG Hai-hua,MA Bai-chang,YANG Yuan-sheng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 23. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.005

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We addressed the impact of extrusion ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B Magnesium alloy. We applied optical microscopy ( OM) to the observation of its microstructure, examined its mechanical properties by indoor temperature tensile and compressive test, and observed its fracture morphologies by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) . Results show that its microstructure changes from partially dynamic recrystallization to completely dynamic recrystallization with the increase of extrusion ratio. Its tensile fracture varies from mixed fracture to obvious ductility fracture. Compressive fracture is converted from cleavage fracture to quasi-cleavage fracture. Through high extrusion ratio, we can obtain fine and homogeneous microstructure and good comprehensive mechanical properties, tensile strength of 310 MPa, yield strength of 200 MPa and elongation rate of 14%. Asymmetry of tensile and compressive strength is reduced, which is therefore benefit for secondary plastic machining of Magnesium alloy.

Front-tracking model ofdendritic growth in multicomponent alloy solidification process

LIU Bo-zu,YI Guan-yu, ZHAO Zhong-kui

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 28-34. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.006

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To predict microstructure evolution of Aluminum alloy castings in solidification process, we generalize KGT model with an equivalent method and construct a front-tracking model applicable to multicomponent alloy. We further apply the model to the simulation for the solidification process of Al-6Si-4Cu alloy. Simulation results show that the model can predict free dendritic growth, solute segregation in liquid phase and competitive growth process of dendrites in polycrystal growth. The model can
therefore track real-time front position of solidification, save computation time and improve efficiency.

Application of femtosecond laser TDTR method in thermal boundary resistance of nano-film

LI Feng-ming,LI Xiao-tong,YUAN Kun-peng,WANG Zhao-liang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 35-39. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.007

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Thermalboundary resistance of nano-film is predominant in thermal transport process of nano-scale structure. Compared with metal nano-film, thermal transport process of nonmetal nano-film is more complicated. We measure thermal boundary resistance between metal, nonmetal nano-film and different dielectric substrates with improveddual-color femosecond laser time-domain thermoreflectance ( TDTR) method. Debye temperature ratio of film and substrate can serve as a measurement of acoustic mismatch degree. For the same Debye temperature ratio, thermal boundary resistance of nonmetal nano-film is about 2 ~3 times greater than that of metal nano-film. This is mainly because electric-phonon coupling enhances thermal transport capability of metal nano-film.

Convective heat transfer and energyefficiency characteristics in hydrophobic micro-pin fins with different contact angles

ZHU Ye,ZHAO Xiao-bao, GUAN Ning,JIANG Gui-lin,LIU Zhi-gang,ZHANG Cheng-wu,LI Dong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 40-47. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.008

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Hydrophobic micro-pin fins with different contact angles are obtained by solidifying nano-particles involved hydrophobic coating on the surface of oval micro-pin fins. Pressure drop, friction factor f and Nusselt number Nu for different Reynolds numbers are measured. The impact of the variation of contact angles on heat sink flow resistance and heat transfer of micro-pin fins and energy efficiency characteristics are also analyzed comprehensive. Results demonstrate that hydrophobic coating has significant resistance reduction effect. Pressure drop and flow resistance coefficient decrease with the increase of contact angles. However, Nu in hydrophobic micro-pin fins also decreases, and Nu deviation in the three hydrophobic micro-pin fins increases with the increase of heat power. Although hydrophobic surface reduces Nu in micro-pin fins, superhydrophobic micro-pin fins with contact angle of 151.5° have better energy efficiency characteristics. Compared with those without hydrophobic coating, required pump power can be reduced by more than 200% for the same convective heat transfer.

Optimizing the biogas production from single-phase anaerobic fermentationof tomato stems and leaves using sludge

MU Hui, LI Yan, HUA Dong-liang, ZHANG Xiao-dong, XU Hai-peng, JIN Fu-qiang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 48-54. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.009

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Due to the slow natural anaerobic fermentation characteristics of tomato stems and leaves, waste activated sludge was closed to be added into the digestor of tomato stems and leaves ( VS ratio of waste activated sludge and tomato stems and leaves of 1∶2) to improve substrate nutrient composition. Anaerobic granular sludge of 0. 1 g/ mL was inoculated to compenstaes the deficiency of methanogenesis microbes. Under such regulation, the removal rate of tomato stems and leaves was increased to more than 95 %, and the corresponding biogas yield of organie fermentation was improved to 263 mL/ g ( 7. 5 times improvement) . Meanwhile, methane volume fraction in biogas was also increased by 64.5%. This method achieves not only the goal of waste control by waste, but also that of the maximization of resource utilization

Advances on oriented thermalchemical conversion of biomass

XIE Xin-ping, ZHANG Xiao-dong,CHEN Lei, SUN Lai-zhi, YANG Shuang-xia, SI Hong-yu

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 55-59. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.010

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We review global advances of synthesis gas production through biomass gasification and high value-added chemicals production through biomass liquidation.Development of high activity, high selectivity and good stability catalyst is an urgent technical difficulty of biomass effective thermal-chemical conversion. For synthesis gas production through biomass gasification, development focus should be a catalyst of tar cracking and ratio adjustment of CO and H₂ promotion. For high value-added chemicals production, a catalyst should reduce oxygen content in bio-oil, increase yield rate of required chemicals, and improve quality of bio-oil.

Optic fiber sensing technology based status monitoring system for locomotive pantograph

ZHANG Wen-hao,LIU Tong-yu,SHI Zhi-dong,JIANG Long,WEI yu-bin,WANG Ji-qiang,WANG Feng-xue

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 60-64. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.011

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Based on fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, we designed an online monitoring system for the pantograph of an electric locomotive. It could monitor realtime dynamic pressure, vibration state, slide stress and temperature of the pantograph. Through simulation, calibration and
testing, we acquired monitoring range of dynamic pressure of 0 ~500 N, and monitoring scope of microstrain of -0.2% ~0.2%.

Design and implementation of IEEE 1588 time synchronization protocol based cRIO data acquisition device

WANG Jin-yu, HU Bin-xin,SONG Guang-dong,JIANG Long,LIU Tong-yu

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 65-70. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.012

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Wedesign and implement a cRIO based remote distributed data acquisition system. It applies cRIO specific 1588 plug-in to the design of time synchronization program, data acquisition, trigger preservation, local preservation and data TCP/IP upload. Data acquisition and test results show that its short-term synchronization precision can reach sub-millisecond level, and millisecond level for long-erm test. It can be applied to optical fiber micro-seismic monitoring system in coal mines.

Analysis of traffic flow characteristics for urban expressway

YANG Xiao-lu, GU Yuan-li, XING Shan-shan, ZHUANG Guang-xin

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 71-80. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.013

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Based on traffic flow data from RTMS at Beijing second ring expressway, we establish a correlation model among expressway volume, speed and occupancy. Traffic flow curves of expressway are acquired by data fitting, based on which we can address running characteristics of traffic flow. We obtain status classification result of free flow, congestion flow and blocking flow with fuzzy c-means clustering. We can therefore
quantitatively calibrate the area of these flows on the expressway. Analysis of time variant and spatial characteristics for fundamental parameters of traffic flow can comprehensively grasp traffic conditions of the expressway and provide reference for traffic management of urban expressway.

Tabu search algorithm for the formation plan of Single-group train at technical service station

Zhang Hai-jian

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 81-86. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.014

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Train formation plan of technical stations is one of key issues for railway transportation schedule. The most popular algorithm is 0~1 program involving train flow recursion relation of train formation destination among the present domestic research on single train formation plan. The essential of such research is to optimize the first arrival station of wagon flows. We therefore devise a real number coded tabu search algorithm that can be applied to solving train formation plan of railway network. Computational cases indicate that it can rapidly and effectively solve formation plan of single-group train at technical service stations. Compared with LINGO software, it can find global optimum solution with only less time.

Quadratic numerical range of a quaternion matrix

GUO Yi-wan, ZHAI Fa-hui

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 87-91. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.015

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We present the definition of quadratic numerical range of a quaternion matrix, and discuss its properties. We further prove that the set of all left eigenvalues of such a matrix is its subset under certain restricted conditions. These results are benefit for the research on the left eigenvalues of a quaternion matrix and relative issues.

GC-MS based solvent component detection in black signature pen

CHEN Yue1,LIU Wei, ZOU Ji-xin

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 92-96. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.016

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We detected solvent component in 24 kinds of black signature pens with GC-MS. We extracted solvent component in black signature pen with methanol as extraction solvent. Results show that 1, 2-propanediol and phenoxyethanol are the most common solvents in black signature pen. Distinction rate is about 50% for the 24 kinds of samples. We further studied the variation rule of 1, 2-propanediol in a short time. 1, 2-propanediol changed to the maximum on the first day of handwriting formation. The variation tends to be stable on the fifth day. The
research provides important evidence for the identification of handwriting formation time.

Ecophysiological adaptation of four Salix clones under persistent drought stress

TAI Xiu-guo, YANG Zhen-ya, LI Bo, CAO Zhen-yu, CAO Bang-hua

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 97-104. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.017

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To compare the difference of ecophysiological adaptation of four Salix clones, we addressed the dynamic variation of osmotic adjustment and protective enzyme activities of their annual cutting seedlings under persistent drought stress by pot experiments. Results show that relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde gradually increase with the increase of drought stress time. Their proline, soluble sugar and activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase totally increase. Drought resistance capability of poor drought resistance clones first decreases with the increase of drought stress. We comprehensively evaluate drought resistance of the four Salix clones with principal component analysis based ecophysiological indexes.

Nd: LGGG based eye-safe laser with Continuousand Q-switched pulse of 1.4 μm wavelength

LI Jian, XU Yong-na, ZHANG Qian-qian, LIU Qian-hui, An Zhen-ni

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 105-109. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.018

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1.4 μm eye-safe laser has such characteristics as safety to human eyes, strong penetrating power in smoke scenario, and convenience to be made and detected. We addressed its output performance with Nd: LGGG crystal as a subject and graphene as a saturable absorber. When injection pump power is 15.6 W, continuous output power is 2.38 W, optical to optical conversion efficiency of 15.4%. When injection pump power is 14.3 W, output characteristics are average output power of 255 mW, output pulse width of 490 ns, pulse repetition frequency of 80
kHz, single pulse energy of 3.2 μJ and pulse peak power of 6.53 W.

Tunability of Faraday Effect to group velocity of N-doped siliconcoupled-resonator optical waveguide

SUN Hai-zhu, ZHANG Jian-xin, HAN Kai, HUANG Bao-xin

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 110-114. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.019

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Coupled-resonator optical waveguide is implemented through mutual coupling of defect mode of point defects of photonic crystals, and group velocity is its important parameter. We simulate band structures of N-doped silicon coupled-resonator optical waveguide. Simulation results show that if N-doped silicon Faraday Effect based magnetic field is applied against the direction of light propagation, relative
permittivity at the frequency of the defect mode will decrease. The group velocity will also decrease to 2. 088 × 10-⁴c. We therefore confirm
regulation of Faraday Effect to waveguide group velocity. Such discovery provides a new and effective way for implementation of slow light effect at terahertz or evenlower bands.

Image blind deconvolution approach with modified regularization term

JIA Tong-tong, ZHANG Xiao-le, SHI Yu-ying

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(3): 115-120. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.03.020

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Image restoration is a deconvolution process, which is usually morbid. Blind deconvolution is one of the most common and challenging problems. Without priori knowledge on point spread function, the process is therefore more complex. To preserve the edge information of an image as well as its smoothness, we present a blind deconvolution model with a modified total variation regularization term. We also solve the model with split Bregman iteration algorithm. Fast Fourier transform and shrinkage formula are applied in numerical calculation to reduce its computational complexity. We apply the model to the processing for a blurry image and a greyscale image with noise and Gaussian blur in numerical experiment, and then obtain satisfactory results.

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