Shandong Science

Application of zebrafish model in early drug safety assessment

LIU Ke-chun, SUN Chen, WANG Xi-min，HOU Hai-rong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 1-8. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.001

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The construction of economical and effective early drug safety assessment technology has become global urgent requirement in drug research and development area. Zebrafish, one of three common model animals, is an ideal drug early safety assessment model. New drug safety assessment with the model can improve reliability and sensitivity of early drug toxicity prediction, reduce new drug research and development period and cost, and improve success rate of drug research and development. We survey the application of zebrafish model in early drug safety assessment, such as general toxicity assessment, growth toxicity assessment, neurotoxicity assessment, organ toxicity assessment, and reproductive toxicity assessment, etc. With the development of biological and medicine technology, zebrafish will play a more important role in early drug safety assessment area, and promote drug research and development process.

Toxicity of Fructus Xanthii extract to the growth and motion behavior of zebrafish embryos

CHEN Xi-qiang, HOU Hai-rong, LIU Ke-chun, WANG Xi-min,PENG Wei-bing, HAN Li-wen,WANG Xue,CHEN Wei-yun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 9-13. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.002

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We put 12/24h zebrafish embryos after fertilization into the solution of different concentrations Fructus Xanthii (FX) to investigate the toxicity of FX extract to the growth and motion behavior of zebrafish embryos. We then calculate their hatch rate, mortality rate, and heart rate under a microscope after different time. We treat 120 h zebrafish embryo for 60 minutes with different concentrations FX extract, and then record their behavior track within 0~10 m, 10~20 m, and 20~30 m with ethology analysis system. We also get swimming speed based on their swimming distance and time and their rotation value. Results show that FX extract has toxicity to 12 h zebrafish embryos after fertilization, which decrease their hatch rate. The hatch rate is below 40% when the extract concentration is greater than 15 μg/mL. FX extract of 0.93 μg/mL can increase the heart rate of 24 h zebrafish embryos (P≤0.01). We discover that swimming speed and rotation value all significantly increase when the extract concentration is greater than 3 μg/mL through ethology analysis. Our conclusion is that FX extract has toxicity to zebrafish embryos and can increase their heart rate and swimming speed.

Amino acid comparative study of Caprae seu ovis cornu from five different production areas

SHI Yan, LIU Qian, ZHANG Yong-qing, LI Jia

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 14-17. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.003

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We employed PITCHPLC to detect amino acid composition and content of Caprae seu ovis cornu from 5 different production areas to provide the foundation for the improvement of its quality standard. Results show that the standard amino acid solution and amino acid HPLC of Caprae seu ovis cornu from 5 different areas have consistent peak order and similar peak time. PITCHPLC can be used to detect amino acid content. The total amino acid concentration of Caprae seu ovis cornu from Sichun is 94.3%, much higher than that of other 4 samples, and many kinds of amino acid concentration are higher. Amino acid concentration of the sample from Shandong Heze is 68.10%. Only slight difference exists for the amino acid concentration of the other three samples from Laiwu, Pingyi and Hengshui. Amino acid content should be used as an internal parameter to control the quality of Caprae seu ovis cornu.

Reasonable irrigation of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge

LI Cui,CHEN Shu-ming, WEI Guang-fei,LI Jia,ZHENG Li-mou,ZHANG Yong-qing

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 18-21. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.004

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We compared the yield and active ingredient content of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. for different soil moisture with field pipe irrigation method to investigate the impacts of irrigation on its yield and quality. Experimental results show that the contents of tanshinone ⅡA, tanshinone I, and cryptotanshinone are the highest when relative soil moisture is less than 30% (especially severe drought), but its yield is low. Its yield significantly increases after proper irrigation, the content of active ingredients in the requirements of pharmacopoeia. All the active ingredient contents are the lowest when water content of soil is too much. If its medical value and economic benefits are considered together, moderate irrigation is available when relative soil moisture is less than 30%. This can achieve the effect of no yield decrease and even yield increase. Our work can provide theoretical basis for soil water management before its harvest.

Field efficacy of Trichoderma LTR-2 wettable powder against six kinds of vegetable gray mold diseases

DAI Bao,HU Jin-dong,LI Ji-shun,YANG He-tong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 22-27. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.005

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We prevented vegetable gray mold diseases for tomato, eggplant, color pepper, chili, lentil, and cucumber with Trichoderma LTR2 wettable powder (1500 g/hm2) as spray. This provided 77.96%, 64.45%, 71.43%, 70.24%,72.71%, and 75.41% protection and control effect. Pyrimethamil 40% SC of 480 g/hm2 dilution could give control effect of 71%~81%. Spray time of Trichoderma LTR2 wettable powder should be in the early period of the disease. The wettable powder can effectively prevent vegetable gray mold disease with spray frequency of 7 days, continuous employment of 2~3 times, and the dosage of 1 500 g/hm2.

Preparation of nanosized SiO2 trivalent chromium colorful passivation film and its performance investigation

LIU Xiu-yu，SONG Fan-yong,ZHANG Tao，LIU Feng，LI Jian，ZHU Ying

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 28-32. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.006

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We prepared nanosized trivalent chromium colorful passivator through the adjustment of temperature, time, pH value, and nanosized SiO2 adding into passivation liquid. We also employed neutral salt spray tests (NSS), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and Xray fluorescence (XRF) to compare corrosion resistance of passivators between SiO2 preadding and postadding. We further characterized structure, chemical constituent and spatial distribution of passivation film. NSS experimental results indicate that anti corrosion performance of trivalent chromium passivation film increases by one time through SiO2 nanomaterial adding.

PKI based HDFS authentication and secure transmission mechanism

LI Yan-gai, ZHAO Hua-wei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 33-41. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.007

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We detailedly analyze existing Kerberos scheme to solve the authentication and secure transmission in the process of file service of Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS), a core subproject of Hadoop. We then generalize the negatives of its security and efficiency. We further apply PKI based digital certificate authentication and digital envelop based AES symmetric encryption to the security mechanism of HDFS. Analysis shows that the approach can provide a safer and more efficient solution for HDFS service, as compared with Kerberos.

Dynamic characteristics of incremental fuzzy PID of butterfly valve gas regulating system

WANG Zhi，RAN Xiang-tao

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 42-45. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.008

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We designed an incremental fuzzy PID controller applicable to butterfly valve pressure regulating system to stabilize pressure control of mixed gas in recycling power generation of steel factory. Dynamic characteristics simulation was conducted with MATLAB/Simulink, which were compared with traditional PID. Results show that the controller can achieve better dynamic characteristics and satisfy control requirement for a stable controller.

Goods real name based business reorganization model for railway freight hub

LIU Yong, ZHU Xiao-ning

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 46-53. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.009

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We optimize business reorganization for railway freight hub based on the basic requirement of goods real name system. We initially determine the subordinate hierarchical decisionmaking relationship between railway decisionmaking departments and its clients, and then construct a bilevel programming model for business reorganization of railway freight hub. The objective of the upper model is to minimize the total freight turnover volume and business dispersion rate in a freight hub. The goal of the lower model is to minimize client freight cost. We then devise a heuristic algorithm to solve the model by constructing a reaction function between the upper and the lower decision variables. We eventually design an example to verify the feasibility of the model and the algorithm. Results show that business dispersion rate of a reorganized freight station decreases by 72.5%, and 40.2% for freight turnover volume, but client freight cost only increases by 8.4%.

Compressive tracking algorithm based on Kalman filter

SUN Shao-jun,LI Hui,SONG Hua-jun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 54-59. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.010

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We employ compressive tracking (CT) algorithm to detect and track motion cars based on the characteristics of traffic monitoring video. The algorithm has strong robustness for greater camera change, motion vehicles scale change, and background change. However, the algorithm is easy to fail when a vehicle is sheltered. We therefore present a Kalman filter based modified CT algorithm to predict the motion trail of a sheltered vehicle. Kalman filter can track the trail of a target with CT algorithm, and effectively predict the trail of a sheltered target. Experimental results show that the algorithm can not only better solve the issue of motion vehicles scale change-precisely and stably track a vehicle when it disappears or is partly sheltered-,but also has better realtime performance. It thus satisfies the requirements of engineering application.

Reform of Beijing urban rail transit fare system and price level

ZHANG Xiao-qing, LIU Zhi-li, LI Lan

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 60-66. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.011

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We present fare system reform policy for Beijing urban rail transit by the analysis of global metropolitan fare system, favorable strategies, and Beijing urban rail transit network development situation to fully leverage urban rail transit fare system, further improve the connection between land buses and urban rail transit, optimize traffic structure, and increase ticket revenue. The single fare level of 4 yuan is determined based on the analysis of passenger volume, operation cost, and urban per capita income level. Timesharing pricing policy is proposed by the analysis of three peaks time distribution and peak time passenger flow construction. We derive onpeak and offpeak fares of 6 yuan and 2 yuan by Logit model. We also present monthly pass strategy and a series of other auxiliary fares to protect the benefits of the senior and commuter. The research provides a theoretical basis for sustainable development of Beijing urban rail transit.

Chinese railway pallet pool system and its benefit analysis

ZHOU Kang,HE Shi-wei,SONG Rui,CHENG Ling-yan

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 67-72. doi: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.012

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We present pallet pool system applicable to Chinese railway freight characteristics to improve pallet availability efficiency, save resources, and reduce cost in railway containerization transport. We analyze the cost of different pallet employment, and quantitatively analyze economic benefits of every participant in the railway pallet pool system. We also compute and assess its indirect economic benefits and social benefits. Our work can provide a theoretical basis for future railway pallet containerization transportation and even the entire logistics system.

Equalization and connection based train diagram adjustment for railway network

ZHANG Lu,HUO Jian-wei,SUN Hui-jun

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 73-79. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.013

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Some trains would be delayed in arriving at a transfer station if transfer station emergency occurred in railway network. The connection trains would no longer continue maintaining the connection relationship if delay exceeded a certain limit. This would cause passengers not to complete a transfer and connection trains to be delayed. We establish an equalization and connection based model for train operation adjustment. The purpose is to make total delay minimal and the gap between the adjusted arrival time and its original value shortest. We also employ optimization software Gurobi to solve the model. Results show that adjusted train diagram can effectively mitigate the impact of the emergency on train operation network and ensure regular transfer of passengers by train connection if delay is controlled within a certain scope.

Substitutability of passenger transport demand

YOU Yan-wen,JIA Jun-fang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 80-84. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.014

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We establish set pair analysis based substitutability model from the analysis of the influential factors of passenger transport demand substitutability to quantitatively analyze passenger transport demand and its substitutability. We then address substitutable situation of passenger transport demand under flexible demand. Case analysis shows that the model has feasibility and practicability. The research can offer a basic theory for reasonable structure arrangement of passenger transport products of transport corporations and active passenger guidance.

Determination of hydrogen chloride in atmospheric contamination with silver nitrate spectrophotometry

LI Sai-yu，XU Qing-zhong，WANG Li-hong，LUAN Ling-yu，HAN Shu-xin

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 85-87. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.015

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We established silver nitrate spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of hydrogen chloride in atmospheric contamination. We also addressed its detection wavelength, acid quantity, developer dosage, and stability time, based on which the optimal experimental condition was determined. Better linear relationship existed in the range of 0~1 μg/mL. The linear regression equation was y=0.070x+0.002 with correlation coefficient of 0.999 5, relative standard deviation of 2.4% (n=8), and recovery rate of 96.0%~102%. Experiments show that the approach is simple, rapid, accurate and environment friendly.

Design of VC＋＋ based seawater nutrient salt test software system

CHENG Yan, MA Ran, WANG Hong-liang, CAO Xuan, CAO Lu

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 88-92. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.016

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We developed a VC＋＋ platform based seawater nutrient salt test software system. We also constructed the data structure of its system software. It could reconfigure the test process based on the specific test requirement of each nutrient salt, so the system could dynamically perform test process. Experimental results show that the system can improve adaptability,and make the test process more flexible.

Design of 3G wireless video monitoring system on ocean monitoring buoy

GUO Fa-dong，LIU Hai-feng，LI Lin，LI Xuan-qun，LI Min，LIU Shi-xuan，LI Xiao-dong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 93-97. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.017

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We devise a 3G wireless video monitoring system applicable to largescale unattended ocean data buoy. It employs a duty circuit to control power consumption of the wireless video transmission module, so its power consumption is reduced. We also design waterproof technology for an ordinary camera, which can endure harsh ocean environment. It has been installed in a business operation buoy. Recent twoyear video data show that its monitoring effect is better, and that it can effectively find such issues as buoy safety and marine pollution.

Green-relations of (n,m)-semigroups

SUN Xue-min, LI Gang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 98-102. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.018

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We extend Green-relations from usual semigroups to (n,m)-semigroups. We further define broad (n,m)-semigroups, quasi adequate broad (n,m)-semigroups and adequate broad (n,m)-semigroups and address their fundamental properties.

Distribution of contractible edges of some 5-connected graphs

WANG Zhen-gang，QI En-feng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(5): 103-105. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.05.019

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Contractible edge issue plays an important role in the research on graph structure and the proof of some graph properties. We present the distribution of the contractible edges in some longest cycles of 5-connected graphs and address their classification with tree structure theory. Our conclusion is that at least three contractible edges exist on some longest cycles of 5-connected graphs.

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