Table of Content

20 December 2014 Volume 27 Issue 6

  

Oceanographic Science, Technology and Equipment

Ground cloud observation technology and its instrument research advances

QI Suiping，LIU Tao，HU Tong，ZOU Jing

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  1-9.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.001

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We survey ground cloud observation technology and its instrument status quo in meteorological observation. We divide the existing ground cloud observation technologies into laser radar and microwave radar cloud observation technologies and total sky remote sensing technology based on its different principles and implementation methods. We further concretely analyze and induce the main methods, instrumentation principles, and the characteristics of each technology. We eventually present its method, instrument research advances, the existing insufficiency, and its future development directions and tendencies.

Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products

Microwaveultrasonic aided extraction for cAMP from Ziziphus jujube

GAO Qiao-jun,ZHENG Jia-jia,ZHU Chuan-he

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  10-16.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.002

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To improve the extraction rate of cAMP from Ziziphus jujube, we identified the significant factors affecting cAMP extraction ratio, microwave time, solidliquid ratio, ultrasonic time and power, with PlackettBurman (PB) experiment and jujube as a raw material. We further acquired the most obvious influential factor of ultrasonic time, the second significant factor of solidliquid ratio, and the least significant factors of microwave time and ultrasonic power in designated scopes, with BoxBehnken (BB) experiment and response surface analysis. Its optimal extraction conditions are microwave power of 440 W, microwave time of 64 s, solidliquid ratio of 1:8, ultrasonic time of 21min, ultrasonic power of 300 W, and ultrasonic temperature of 20 ℃. Extraction rate of cAMP is 90.83% under these conditions. The research result can provide a better natural active substance for pharmaceutical and food industries, and a reference for the further processing and industrialized applications of Ziziphus jujube and other relative products.

Vacuum extraction process of Polygonum cuspidatum

MA Ran,WANG Xiao,DUAN Wen-juan,GEN Yan-ling,LIU Jian-hua

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  17-21.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.003

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To explore the preponderance of vacuum extraction in the extraction of Polygonum cuspidatum,we determined the optimal conditions for its vacuum extraction with resveratrol as an investigation subject. We compared its extraction rate, extract yield, light transmittance, protein content, soluble sugar content and DPPH free radical scavenging rate of resveratrol with heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction and warm immersion extraction. We discover its optimal conditions are ethanol concentration of 70%, solid to liquid ratio of 1:10, vacuum degree of 0.02 MPa, temperature of 50 ℃, and extraction time of 1 hour. Vacuum extraction has higher resveratrol yield, transmittance and DPPH radical scavenging rates and lower extract yield, protein, soluble sugar and other impurities contents, as compared with heat reflux and ultrasonic extraction methods. Results show that it is superior to other extraction methods, especially for thermosensitive components included traditional Chinese medicines.

Article

Discovery of type IV pilus membrane compound of Myxococcus xanthus

LI Cheng-yun,LI Hong-mei,LI Ji-shun,YANG He-tong,Bazhanov DMITRY

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  22-30.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.004

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Bacterial type IV pili or pilus (T4P) not only plays an important role in such biological processes as biofilm formation, DNA intake and bacterial pathogenesis but also enables bacterial motility on solid surfaces. Despite its importance, we know very little about the assembly mechanism among T4P proteins of Myxococcus xanthus.Deletion and supplement experiments of single gene pilN/O/P/Q demonstrate that strain removal causes Myxococcus xanthus colony to totally lose social motility, but strain supplement can restore their social motility. We employed yeast two hybrid (Y2H) to detect the interactions among M. xanthus T4P proteins. We discovered that PilP at periplasm interacted not only with C end of outerfilm protein PilQ, but also with innerfilm protein PilO. Results of yeast two hybrid (Y2H) and genetics experiments show that protein PilP is the bridge connecting innerfilm and outerfilm. This indicates that proteins PilN/O/P/Q may form a total complex including periplasm, innerfilm and outerfilm, and play an important role in pilus extension and contraction. Our research lays a solid foundation for the exploration of molecular mechanism of the extension and contraction of Myxococcus xanthus pilus.

Pharmacology and Toxicology

Zebrafish model based biological activity evaluation formelanin inhibition of Vc and sodium erythorbate

CHEN Wei-yun, HE Qiu-xia, PENG Wei-bing, CHEN Xi-qiang,LIU Ke-chun, CHU Jie, HAN Li-wen WANG Xi-min

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  31-37.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.005

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We employed zebrafish model to evaluate melanin inhibition activities of Vc and sodium erythorbate by phenotypebased evaluation, pigmentation area calculation and relative tyrosinase activity determination. We initially used a known natural active substance, arbutin, to prove the feasibility of the method. We then performed the test for Vc and sodium erythorbate after getting the expected results. Experimental results show that Vc solution has no significant effect on the synthesis of zebrafish melanin in nonlethal concentration scope (0.01~5 mmol/L). Higher concentration of sodium erythorbate solution has considerable effect on the synthesis of zebrafish melanin (p≤0.05), but higher concentration of sodium erythorbate solution (≥0.3 mol/L) can easily cause morphological abnormality.

Agricultural Microbiology

Identification of Trichoderma T11W and its parasitism to Meloidogyne incognita eggs

WANG Yi-lian，LI Ji-shun, YANG He-tong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  38-42.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.006

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We employed classical experiment methods and molecular identification technology to identify T11W and its parasitism to Meloidogyne incognita eggs to investigate the parasitism of strain T11W to M. incognita eggs. Results show that strain T11W is Trichoderma harzianum and it has parasitism to M. incognita nematode eggs. It has correction parasitism rate of 73.46% and relative hatch inhibition rate of 94.19%. Our research improves the theory of the prevention of Trichoderma harzianum to M. incognita.It has the prospect of acting as a new and highly efficient microbial nematicide.

Article

Anticollision performance analysis of a CSS basedrealtime localization system

XU Wen-qing,ZHANG Yan-bo,WANG Zhong-min,GUO Lin-xin,SONG Wei-ning

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  43-47.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.007

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We present work principle and communications protocol of a CSS based realtime localization system. We also analyze anticollision performance of a tag through establishment of the probability distribution model of tag transmission signals in a channel. We further acquire the relationship among subtimeslot number, duty cycle and tag number when throughput attains the maximum. Simulation results verify its validity. Its maximum throughput is about 18% through the design for such parameters as subtimeslot, duty cycle and tag number.

Design and realization of a wireless communication based mobile robot remote control system

CHEN Wei, LI Xiang-dong, LIU Cheng-ye, CHEN Yao

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  48-53.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.008

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Safe, reliable, and realtime remote control over a mobile robot has become one of the most fundamental requirements for a mobile robot with its increasingly widespread applications. We present the design and implementation of a robot remote control system. We also guarantee reliable control over a mobile robot by feedback control and command check for the communications between a remote host and a robot. The system can perform the management and distribution for the task of robot walking paths and enable a mobile robot to be in fully automatic operation.

AD7741 based isolation A/D conversion for multielectrochemical biosensor signals

ZHU Si-rong,ZHOU Wan-li,ZHANG Li-qun,YANG Yan,ZHAO Xiao-hua

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  54-58.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.009

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We detailedly present a preamplifier circuit of an electrochemical biosensor,and an A/D conversion scheme of AD7741 based signal isolation.We eventually provide the program control flow for time sharing isolation A/D conversion of multichannel signals and correction method for A/D conversion data.

Design and implementation of data display controls for a Jin′s sphygmograph

ZHANG Yan

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  59-66.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.010

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To analyze the pulse data more effectively and realize their objectification and modernization, we design and implement their display controls with Microsoft.net Framework as a system platform and C# as a programming language. Results show that these display controls for Jin's sphygmograph can better support preview, realtime and playback modes, multiple records and split screen display, and accurate graphic coordinate display.

Design and implementation of a 32bit PE file analyzer

WEI Wei,JI Wei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  67-72.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.011

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An executable file in Windows operating system is usually a PE (Portable Executable) format file. It can be analyzed by some ways. We take a PE file as a subject, and detailedly analyze its structure. We further devise and realize a 32bit PE file analyzer. It can analyze PE format of an executable file, including its MSDOS head, PE header, import and export tables, resource table, etc. It lays the foundation for file split, bundled Trojan, cracked program, encryption and decryption, etc.

Network public opinion analysis oriented semantic similarity algorithm

WEI Fei， YANG Chun-bo， LIU Shou-peng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  73-77.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.012

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We improve the generalized vector space model, and present an original meaning space based text similarity computing method with the “HowNet” sememe. The method converts a feature into a vector in a sememe space with TFIDF weight, and calculates text similarity by the cosine of the angle between different sememe vectors. We eventually perform text clustering and comparative experiments. Experimental results show that the method can well solve the problem of semantic drift of public opinion analysis, and its effect can be significantly improved.

Tranfic and Transportation

Grey correlation and factor analysis based comprehensive evaluation method for regional urban logistics

LIAN Lian,ZHANG Shuo,XU Yang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  78-85.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.013

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We initially selected 20 evaluation indicators from logistics demand and supply, and logistics informatization construction. We then screened evaluation indexes with grey correlation analysis and constructed an index system for regional urban logistics. We eventually applied factor analysis method to comprehensive evaluation for regional urban logistics. The method is applied to the comprehensive evaluation for the logistics development of Liaoning cities. Results show that the logistics development of Liaoning cities is reasonable, and that the method can provide a reference for the development of local society, economy, and geography compliant logistics strategy.

Transfer efficiency of urban rail transit transfer station

WANG Yue-xin, HAN Bao-ming

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  86-90.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.014

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An urban rail transit transfer station is the junction of two or more lines. The amount of transfer station (network node) is gradually increasing in rail transit network operation. We address its transfer efficiency from the perspective of an operator, analyze the utility of transfer efficiency, and propose the concepts of effective and noneffective transfers. We further divide effective transfer into higheffective and loweffective transfers. We then employ AFC data mining technology to explain the application as an example. We eventually state the significance and features of transfer efficiency assessment.The research provides theoretical surport for improving the management of interchange station and realtime monitoring of pass engers.

Impacts of antilock braking system on the fuel economy under emergent situations

LI Jin-gang, TANG Tie-qiao

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  91-94.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.015

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We address the impacts of antilock braking system (ABS) on the fuel economy under emergent situations with full velocity difference model and ABS based carfollowing model. Numerical simulation results show that the fuel consumption of a vehicle will increase when the ABS is in operation. Moreover, its change is so severe that the economy of fuel consumption will decrease.

Computation method of channelization key parameters at a signalized intersection

CAO Geng-li,ZHANG Ping,ZHAO Wen-qing

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  95-99.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.016

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We addressed the channelization key parameters at an urban road intersection to improve scientificity and rationality for the design of channelization at an urban road intersection. We also presented a length calculation model for its intersection stretching and transition segments for the traffic safety and the riding comfort. The intersection at Changcheng and Mudan roads is selected to prove the method. Results show that the method is practical and referential, and can provide theory fundamentals for advanced research on channelization design at a skewed intersection.

Article

Lattice of congruence of a quasidistributive lattice of semirings with multiplication identical elements

LI Gang,LIU Qing

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  100-104.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.017

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∶We define a sublattice of the lattice of congruence of a quasidistributive lattice S=［D;Sα］of semirings with multiplication identical elements . We also prove that such a sublattice is isomorphic to a sublattice of the direct product of lattice of congruence of Sα=［α∈D］. We further demonstrate the congruence of a quasidistributive lattice S=［D;Sα］ of inverse semirings with multiplication identical elements by congruence pairs.

Cycle extensibility of ［4,1］-graphs

MOU Lei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  105-107.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.018

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A graph G is a ［s,t］-graph if at least t edges exist in its every included subgraph with s vertices. We prove that every connected and locally 2-connected ［4,1］-graph is fully cycle extendable.

Preparation and characterization of dandelionlike Ga2O3 nanowires

LIU Yong-feng,LI Yu-guo,WANG Yu-ping

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(6):  108-112.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.06.019

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We prepared Ga2O3 nanowires by heating Ga2O3 powder and Aucoated Si(111) substrates at 1 200℃ with different time. We discovered a new nucleation process in this experiment. We further characterized the structure and appearance of the nanowires by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and XRay Diffraction (XRD). Large number of dandelionlike Ga2O3 nanowires with diameters of about 200 ~ 330 nm formed on entire surface of those substrates which was observed by SEM. Energydispersive spectrometry (EDS) based observation shows that the products are pure Ga2O3. Experimental results reveal that growth time impacts their morphology and microstructure. We eventually address their growth mechanism.