Shandong Science

Tilt correction algorithm of ADCP wave directional spectrum estimation

ZHENG Wei, YANG Li, HUI Li, LIU Min, Wang Zhi

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 1-7. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.001

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Acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) is an instrument to measure seawater velocity at different depth. It can estimate sea surface wave directional spectrum with velocity measurement points array based on ADCP current measurement. When ADCP tilts, position offset of velocity measurement point occurs. An error will then appear for wave directional spectrum estimation, so measurement point correction is necessary to improve measurement accuracy. Simulation and data analysis indicate that directional spectrum estimation error depends on posture angle pitch and roll and ADCP setting depth. The algorithm considers pitch, roll and ADCP setting depth, so wave directional spectrum estimation precision is improved when ADCP tilts.

Design of highaccuracy temperature measurement circuit of an expendable bathythermograph

LEI Zhuo, HE Hai-Jing, QU Jun-Le, LIU Jie

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 8-11. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.002

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This paper devises a highaccuracy temperature measurement circuit with a temperature measurement bridge to improve temperature measurement accuracy of an expendable bathythermograph (XBT). A new calibration method is also presented. We further design a reliable water immersion detection module combined with software and hardware. Ocean experiment results indicate that the temperature curve measured by XBT has more than ninety percent similarity degree with standard CTD, less than 0.2 ℃ for average temperature measurement error. This is in the range of allowed error, so temperature measurement accuracy attains expected values.

A hydrolysis process based rapid identification approach for polysaccharides

MA Yao-Hong, MENG Qing-Jun, YANG Yan, YANG Jun-Hui, SHI Jian-Guo, ZHANG Li-Qun, ZHENG Lan, LIU Wei-Xia

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 12-16. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.003

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We employed biosensors to record realtime variations of reducing sugar and glucose contents in hydrolysis process of Ganoderma applanatum Pat, Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps polysaccharide. We further investigated the variation law of the hydrolysis process of reducing sugar and glucose in hydrolysis process of watersoluble polysaccharide. Results show that hydrolysis process map is stable for the same kind of polysaccharide, but the specificity of hydrolysis process map is significant for different kinds of polysaccharide. Rapid identification of Ganoderma applanatum Pat, Ganoderma lucidum, and Cordyceps polysaccharide can be implemented by the comparison analysis of hydrolysis process map.

Impacts of Trichoderma harzianum LTR-2 on salttolerant physiological characteristics of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)

LI Zhe, GUO Kai, WU Xiao-Qing, CHEN Quan, LI Ji-Shun, YANG Ge-Tong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 17-24. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.004

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Trichoderma spp. is a kind of multifunctional probiotics fungus that can stimulate crop growth and increase its capability against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, advanced and systematic global research is very limited in the areas of its plant salt tolerance increase and function mechanism. This paper addresses the impacts of Trichoderma harzianum LTR-2 on NaCl tolerant physiological characteristics of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Results show that LTR-2 can effectively alleviate growth inhibition and photosynthetic damage of peppermint under 200 mmol/L NaCl stress. The paper also investigates the physiological and biochemical basis of NaCl stress tolerance of LTR-2 inoculated peppermint. Results indicate that LTR-2 can increase antioxidant activity of peppermint and reduce ROS accumulation. It can also increase the activities of plasma membrane (PM) and tonoplast H⁺ATPase and Na+/H+ antiporter and then regulate salt absorption and distribution. These results provide experimental basis for the development and application of peppermint and LTR-2 in saline soil.

Preparation of certified reference materials of glycyrrhizic acid

WANG Dai-Jie, ZHOU Xiao-Jing, WANG Wei, YU Jin-Qian, WANG Xiao, LI Qiang, GENG Yan-Ling, Dan Staerk

. 2014, 27(4): 25-32. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.005

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We established a preparation approach of certified reference material of glycyrrhizic acid. Glycyrrhizic acid was separated by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, whose chemical structure was denoted by UV, IR, MS and NMR. Its homogeneity and stability test were also systematically checked. Eight qualified domestic laboratories cooperatively certified its value. Results show that its certified value is 99.29%, and the expanded uncertainty with 95% confidence coefficient is 0.12%. The reference material satisfied the technical requirement of domestic certified reference material, so it could be used for the validation of glycyrrhizic acid detection method and quality control over relative products.

Belamcanda chinensis younger stem callus and testtube seedling culture

WANG Xiao-Wei, SONG Bo, JIANG Yun-Qing, MA Xiao-Kai

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 33-37. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.006

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We addressed callus culture, differentiation of callus culture, testtube seedling culture and transplanting and colonization of testtube seedling with the younger stems of Belamcanda chinensis as materials and plant tissue culture technology to protect wildlife resources. Results demonstrate that MS+ agar 5.3 g·L^-1+sucrose 38 g·L^-1+2,4-D 2.2 mg·L^-1+6-BA 0.8 mg·L^-1 is the suitable medium of callus culture, 1/2MS+agar 5.3 g·L^-1+sucrose 42 g·L^-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1+6-BA 1.4 mg·L^-1 suitable for the differentiation of rootless seedling culture, 1/4MS+sucrose 10 g·L^-1+agar 5.3 g·L^-1 +IBA 0.05 mg·L^-1+IAA 0.25 mg·L^-1 appropriate for testtube seedling culture. Survival rate of testtube seedling transplanting is 90.3% and its colonization survival rate is 96.0%. Test-tube seedling blossoms and bears fruit in the following year and maintains all biological traits of wild plant.

Osthole preparation based on macroporus resin column chromatography and acidic alumina absorption

SUN Shi-Qing, SHI Jian-Guo, MA Yao-Hong, YANG Jun-Hui

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 38-41. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.007

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We optimized extraction and separation conditions of osthole with L₉(3⁴) orthogonal design and osthole obtaining rate and osthole content in preparation as main indexes. Results show that ethanol concentration has great impact on osthole obtaining rate. It is the highest with 95% ethanol to extract raw powder of common cnidium fruit, acidic aluminum absorption and macroporus resin column chromatography.

Silane processing of aluminum alloy

ZHANG Lin-Lin, WANG Xiu-Chun, NIU Yu-Chao, YI Xi-Bin, PAN Xi-Qing, WANG Jin-Wei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 42-45. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.008

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This paper addressed silane processing of aluminum alloy 6063. We investigated pH value, concentration, hydrolysis time and the ratio of ethanol and water of silane coupling agent solution by orthogonal experiment method. We also reviewed such technology parameters as curing temperature and curing time. Experimental results show that silane membrane can effectively improve corrosion resistance property of aluminum alloy, which is obtained under the conditions of hydrolysis time of 4 h for silane solution of 3% concentration and pH value of 8, curing temperature of 180 ℃ and curing time of 40 minutes.

PCI2010 data acquisition card based design of multi-channel eddy current instrument

WANG Bei, ZHAI Rui-zhan, HAN Xiao-hua

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 46-50. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.009

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We devise a multi-channel eddy current instrument with a PCI2010 data acquisition card in the platform of Windows XP. We employ orthogonal decomposition to obtain phase angle and amplitude of an eddy current signal, and then present a technical proposal that PCI2010 card connects with eddy current testing circuit. Experimental results show that the instrument can detect the velocity up to 100 m/min for steel tubes. Its false alarm rate is less than 1% and its alarm failure rate is almost zero, higher than those in national standards.

A Bandwidth scheduling based control strategy for network congestion

SUN Hong-tao, WU Jing, LI Ya, QIN Peng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 51-56. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.010

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We present a bandwidth scheduling based network congestion control strategy to avoid the degradation of quality of performance (QoP) caused by the reduction of quality of service (QoS) in networked control system. We initially construct a congestion state and bandwidth based linear time invariant (LTI) model. We then control network congestion with linear quadratic regulation (LQR) and dynamic bandwidth allocation. Simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness.

Optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor in an oil well

ZHAO Qing-chao,GUO Shi-sheng,LI Shun-shui,LIU Jia

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 57-61. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.011

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We developed a temperature and pressure sensor based on optical F-P cavity and optical Bragg grating, which was used to monitor temperature and pressure in an oil well. It detected pressure by F-P cavity length variation and temperature by the change of optical Bragg grating reflection wavelength. Pressure measuring range is 0~69 MPa. Test and calibration results demonstrate that a better linear relationship exists between F-P cavity length and pressure response, linear fitting degree of 0.999 999. Temperature measuring range is 5~175 ℃, precision of ±1 ℃. Practical applications prove that the sensor can monitor realtime pressure and temperature in an oil well and is reliable.

Improved decision tree based intrusion detection algorithm

PING Han

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 62-67. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.012

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This paper improves classical information gain based decision tree algorithm and then presents a decision tree and property relation combined intrusion detection algorithm. The algorithm combines the pruning algorithm of integrated strategy to avoid the impact of excessive fitting on test results. Experimental results show that the algorithm can not only make better judgments when confronting known attacks but also still have certain detection capability when facing unknown attacks. The algorithm thus has better performance and availability.

Liner shipping network design and empty container schedule: Mutual substitution between empty containers

ZHANG Fang-jun,ZHENG Jian-feng,REN Hua-ling

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 68-74. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.013

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This paper constructs a mixedinteger linear programming model concerning liner shipping network design and empty container schedule in the case of multi-type containers. Empty containers schedule amount can be significantly decreased by assuming mutual substitution between empty containers available. We eventually employ software CPLEX to solve the model. Case study results show that we can effectively reduce the transportation cost of liner shipping company by mutual substitution between empty containers.

Feature points matching based target tracking algorithm in complex scenarios

QIU Da-wei, LIU Jing

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 75-84. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.014

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This paper presents a SURF based target tracking and online object model update algorithm in complex scenarios and target shade, especially in the variation of target outline and scale. The algorithm initially extracts SURF points of the tracked target and RGB histograms of them and their adjacent areas with the robustness of SURF to image zoom, illumination variation and rotation. It then searches optimal matching SURF points in the current frame based on such characteristic as higher target similarity among the sequential frames. It calculates the exact position and size of the target according to the target model and its features, and then updates the target model based on the varied object status. Experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately localize a target.

Nonparametric survival analysis of departure time of urban shopping trips

LI Ming, YANG Xiao-bao, HUAN Mei, DONG Ling

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 85-91. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.015

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We addressed distribution characteristic of departure time of urban shopping trips based on the travel data of Jinan in 2011. We established its duration model with survival analysis method. We also estimated the duration time of shopping trips with a nonparametric method. We further discussed the impacts of departure time distribution of shopping trips and individual socialdemographic properties on departure time of urban shopping trips. Results show that 5.4% of the total samples depart for shopping before 7:00, 69.7% between 7:00 and 10:00, and less than 24.9% after 10:00. Gender, age and children amount of a family have significant impacts on departure time: females are early than males in departure time; elders are easier to go shopping at nonpeak hours; departure time is more flexible for a nochild family. Our results can provide an accurate and effective analysis tool for quantitative investigation of departure time of shopping trips and have guiding significance for the control of traffic congestion through dynamic pricing mechanism.

Nextnearest-neighbor site based lattice hydrodynamic model

XU Yang, YUAN Zhen-zhou

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 92-97. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.016

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We present a new traffic flow lattice hydrodynamic model with the impact of nextnearestneighbor site on traffic and continuous traffic lattice model. We also acquire traffic stability condition and mKdV equation expressing density waves with linear stability theory and nonlinear analysis. Numerical simulation shows that the new model can better depict traffic stability mechanism and be more suitable for real traffic flow.

Realization of the preheating technology of a diesel locomotive with steam heat exchanger

ZHAI Da-qiang, HAN Shu-sen, DUAN Chong-yi, SHAO Xue, LIU Xiang-yu, YANG Gang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 98-103. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.017

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We design winter static preheating equipment which employs blast steam waste heat to heat the soft water in a diesel locomotive. The hot soft water is then utilized to add water or exchange heat in isolated way to implement locomotive warming or heat preservation. The equipment enables the temperature of lubricating oil, fuel and cooling water to satisfy the requirement when a diesel locomotive starts in winter. It achieves preparatory locomotive allweather realtime warming, rapid warming and starting of a locomotive after temporary repair, alternative maintenance, medium maintenance or overhaul and high temperature water requirement of a running locomotive. The equipment implements such design ideas as no noise, no pollution and low energy consumption, and satisfies the requirements of energysaving and environmental protection. It therefore can provide a technical foundation for efficient locomotive utilization in railway transport.

Lower bound of minimal eigenvalue for Hadamard product of M-matrices

YANG Xiao-ying, LIU Xin

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2014, 27(4): 104-108. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2014.04.018

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We initially present the range of the elements of inverse matrix of A for two nonsingular M-matrices A and B. We further obtain a new estimation formula of the lower bound of the minimal eigenvalue of B° A^-1 with the theorem of Brauer. Theoretical analysis and numerical examples demonstrate that it improves the existing results.

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