In order to effectively improve the accuracy of extreme value detection of weak photoelectric signal, through the analysis of the change rules of signals measured, a filtering algorithm for the extremum detection of the target signals with high precision was proposed, and the solutions to the signal detection under ideal conditions and strong interference conditions were also discussed. Firstly, in this algorithm, an improved dynamic threshold method was used to obtain the initial extremum data. Then the acquisition value was filtered by the combination of two kinds of filtering method, which were the median absolute deviation based moving filtering and the weighted average filtering. Finally, the extreme value of the signal was obtained. The test results show that the measurement results of the algorithm are consistent with the actual value, the minimum average relative error is controlled at about 0.1%, which meets the accuracy requirement. The accuracy and stability of this algorithm are higher than those of the traditional method. The research provides a certain reference for the high accurate measurement of peak and trough values of weak signals with different waveform.

In order to monitor the overall fuel consumption of ocean vessel in real time, a fuel consumption monitoring system was designed, which was based on flow collection, RTU remote transmission terminal and GPRS DTU technology. Firstly, the system was installed in the fuel filler to carry out measurement and monitoring, and ZigBee wireless communication technology was used to complete the wireless short distance transmission of data in realtime. Then RTU terminal was applied to collect and process data, and to control the output. Finally GPRS DTU module was employed to convey small amount of data to the shorebased platform in realtime. The practical application indicates that the system not only ensures the accuracy and realtime of fuel consumption information, but also can reduce the cost.

A method for the preparation of the certified reference material (CRM) of hesperetin was established in this article. Hesperetin sample was obtained by means of silica gel chromatography combined with preparative HPLC technique, and its structure was characterized by UV, IR, MS and NMR. At the same time, the TLC identification and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out, and the sample was divided into bottles for further homogeneity test, stability test, and the cooperative certification by 8 laboratories. The results indicated that hesperetin samples had good homogeneity, with good stability within 12 months at 0~4 ℃. The certified value of the reference material of hesperetin was 98.78%, with the expanded uncertainty of 0.26% in confidence coefficient of 95%. The standard sample of hesperetin has reached the technical requirements of the national certified reference material. The CRM has traceability and can be used in the content determination, testing method validation, as well as t quality control of hesperetin and related products.

Based on the orthogonal design, parameters of the water extraction process of Tonglishu Granule were optimized by using gardenin content, peoniflorin content and the extract yield as the index. The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions for water extraction were as follows: eight times of water, extracting two hours and three times. The optimal extraction technology was reasonable and feasible, and the extraction efficiency was high, which could be used as the water extraction technology for Tonglishu Granule, and suitable for industrial producion.

The methods of molecular identification, morphology identification and microscopical identification were used to study the pharmacognosy of Bidens procera L.C.Xu ex X.W.Zheng. By determination of the ITS sequence of DNA, Bidens procera L.C.Xu ex X.W.Zheng was confirmed as Bidens L.. And the morphology and the microscopic identification of its stems and leaves were described and recorded in detail. The method established in this study will provide a reference for the identification and development control of Bidens procera L.C.Xu ex X.W.Zheng.

In order to improve the field control effect of Bacillus cereus BCJB01 pulvis on rootknot nematode in vegetables, a field study on the control of tomato rootknot nematode disease by Bacillus cereus BCJB01 was carried out by the way of adding nutrient matrix and organic fertilizer. The results showed that adding organic fertilizer and nutrient matrix at the same time when cultivating land was the best method to control tomato rootknot nematode. The control effect was up to 77.45%, which was superior to that of 10% thiazone granule.

In order to improve the control effect of Burkholderia vietnamiensis and its composite microbial flora on rootknot nematode in vegetables, taking the cucumber rootknot nematode as the research object, we adopted the way of adding nutrient matrix, biobacteria fertilizer and microbial antimicrobial agents when cultivating land, and fertilizing microbial antimicrobial agents when transplanting, carried out research for application technology on Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 and its combinations with Bacillus cereus BCJB01, Trichoderma spp.LTR-2 and T11-W. The results showed that the addition of nutrient substrate when cultivating land could significantly improve the control effect of B418 to rootknot nematode. In the treatment of composite microbial flora, the treatment of cucumber rootknot nematode by adding bio-bacteria fertilizer and nutrient matrix at the same time when cultivating land was better than that of single nutrition matrix or bio-fertilizer. B418 single agent add nutrient matrix treatment was superior to its composite microbial flora add nutrition matrix treatment, whose field control effectiveness was 90.05%.

In this paper, the Raman spectra of SnSe₂ materials with different layers were measured. The relationship between the change of Raman peak intensities and positions in different vibrational modes and the corresponding SnSe₂ samples with different thickness was obtained, and the reasons for the change were further analyzed. This research can provide a more systematic, accurate and rapid method for judging two dimensional SnSe₂ materials.

The phase composition and microstucture characteristics of Ti-Al and Ti-Al-Nb alloys were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative X-ray diffraction and optical micrscopic methods. The effects of Nb addition in Ti-Al alloys on phase composition of Ti-Al-Nb alloy, grain size and distribution were also investigated. It was found that Nb addition could dramatically improve the stability of β and α₂ phases, while the precipitation of α and γ phases was hindered as Nb addition. Meanwhile, the area of α₂+γ two-phase region was enlarged, and the γ phase region was made to shift to the right. Furthermore, the grain size of Ti-Al-Nb alloys was significantly refinded by Nb addition within a specific composition range.

In order to control the biochemical parameters of the corn enzymatic steeping process, biosensor was used to timely detect the lactic acid, glucose and reducing sugar during corn soaking process, and  this method  was also compared with titration, iodimetry and fehling's  reagent. The results showed that there was little difference between the test results of biosensor and those of the traditional methods, but biosensor had many advantages, such as quick response, accurate result and low cost, and samples could be directly determined without complex pretreatment.

The redox reaction will occur when aflatoxin contacts with its oxidase, which can produce hydrogen peroxide and other products. In this research, the method of enzyme electrode biosensors was used to immobilize aflatoxin oxidase on cellulose acetate carrier membrane and  prepare electrochemical enzyme electrode. Aflatoxin oxidase electrode was installed on the SBA flow injection analysis instrument to detect the content of aflatoxin. The results showed that the toxin enzyme electrode had good response characteristics to aflatoxin, the precision (RSD) was up to 1.20% (n=10), the linear range was 0 ~100 μg/L (R2 =0.999 6), and the recovery rate was 96%~102.4%. Therefore, the enzyme electrode analysis method established in this study can be used for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in maize.

This paper built a day-to-day evolution model based on reference point, which reflected the influence of travelers' feelings on the estimated travel time and route choice by comparing real travel time with reference point. In the estimated time model, the different attitudes towards loss and gain that travelers hold were reflected by different value of parameters. Three cases of travelers' attitudes,which were optimistic,pessimistic and neutral behaviors,are discussed to analyze the influence on evolution process and total travel time. The evolution results indicated that total travel time was maximum when travelers were pessimistic and total travel time was minimum when travelers were optimistic. This research helps to understand the essential laws of urban traffic flow evolution.

Based on the analysis of the components of passenger travel time in urban rail transit, a traffic smart card data based model for personal route choice was proposed in this paper, which  overcame the disadvantages of traditional path selection models only taking route selection for group into account. Firstly, by analyzing the characteristics of rail transit trip using smart card, the travel time model was established, the travel time factors were confirmed, and their independence was analyzed. Then, travel factors were estimated, the route travel time was calculated, and the personal travel route choice model was proposed. Finally, taking the Beijing metro network as a case, the personal route choice was analyzed, and the effectiveness of the model was verified by the actual data.

In this paper, through statistical analysis of the personal attributes and travel information of ZhengzhouJiaozuo intercity bus passengers, the grey model was chosen for modeling, predicting, and precision detecting of the passenger flow. The average relative error of the model was 3.98% and the precision was 96.02%, which met the accuracy requirement well. The research offers a theoretical basis and technical support for optimizing the organization of ZhengzhouJiaozuo intercity bus.

In this study, the land use changes during 1994—2013 in Yanzhou mining area were inversed and analyzed based on the remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology. The theory of ecosystem service value (ESV) was used to evaluate the change of ecosystem services value in mining area. Meanwhile, according to the land use structure, the change of ecosystem service value and its driving factors were analyzed. The results showed that in the study area during 1994—2013, the annual growth rate of the water area was the highest, up to 10.31%, followed by the construction land and the woodland, which were 8.46% and 3.06% respectively. The annual change rate of cultivated land decreased by -1.85%, which was transformed into water and construction land. The ecosystem service value assessment showed that the total value of the study region increased by 203 million yuan, mainly due to the transfer of woodland and the transformation from cultivated land to water area caused by coal mining subsidence. Due to the reduction of cultivated land, the value of food production function decreased, while the value of other functions related to the wetland all increased. The results of this research can provide reference for the treatment of the coal mining subsidence wetland in mining area.

For measuring the sustainable status of resources utilization in Shandong Province from the perspective of pressure, the data of material input, output and consumption in Shandong Province during 2005—2014 were analyzed and processed based on the material flow method. Furthermore, the total amount pressure, formation pressure and growth pressure of resource utilization in Shandong Province were measured, the compound pressure was obtained by weighting, and the characteristics of pressure changes were discussed. Results indicate that: for Shandong Province, the resource utilization pressure shows an increase trend, and the emphasis of pressure regulation is put on the total amount of resource utilization and the growth engine; resource factors have an important influence on economic development of the whole province, and the economic development mode based on resource consumption still need to be changed; the economic factors play a leading role in the change of resource utilization in the whole province, followed by the effects of technology and population, and the effect of technical factor has been constantly strengthened.

Through the depiction of C- L^U abundant semigroups, two structure theorems of PI-strong L^U abundant semigroups were given.

City is the main area that gathers innovation subject and innovation resources, and its innovation ability has become the key factor to determine the comparative advantage of the region. In this paper, the evaluation index system of regional innovation capability in Shandong Province was established by using the method of multi index comprehensive evaluation and the characteristics of Shandong Province. The innovation capability of 17 cities in Shandong Province was evaluated from three aspects: innovation strength, innovation potential and innovation comprehensive strength. Results showed that the technological innovation capability in the eastern part of Shandong Province was still in the leading level, the development in the central region was stable, and the foundation of innovation in the west was weak, but its development potential was great. At last, the relevant countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to improve the innovation capacity of each city.

In this paper, a novel semi-supervised learning algorithm named Laplacian-regularized co-training(LapCo) was proposed. This method introduced Laplacian regularization to co-training model, and a large number of unlabeled sample data were used to train two classifiers from different view data, which could exchange unknown information between the two and update classifier to improve the recognition accuracy. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a large number of experiments were done on the action dataset UCF-iphone. The experimental results show that our proposed Laplacianregularized co-training model can effectively improve the accuracy of behavior recognition.

Inoculation separation is a widely used operation in medicine, whose use of manual operation is timeconsuming and easy to infect the medical staff. In order to achieve high efficiency, accuracy and automation, a type of automatic control system with ARM series STM32F407 chip as the core was designed, which was equipped with corresponding sensors and actuators. This system could control the action of each executing part in the medical rowing machine, and exchange data with external scanners, RFID card reader, touch screen and the PC to implement such functions as sample collection, germ culture, collection and storage of experimental data and fee deduction authorization. The machine could take the place of traditional manual operation, truly realize aseptic operation, reduce the probability of virus infection among medical staff, and fill the gap of current domestic technology. The result of the testing has been accepted by hospitals, and now the machine is getting into small scale production.

According to the problems of the handheld launching method of expendable bathythermograph (XBT) , such as measurement disturbances from operators, an automatic drawing mechanism for the probe plug in the sea trials was proposed in this work. The lever was adopted here to magnify the tensile force in order to draw out the plug in limited stroke, which would make sure the full-automatic launching of expendable probes. The effectiveness and reliability of this mechanism has been verified by the corresponding laboratory tests. The success rate of probes deployment is over 95% and the mean time of the operation time is shortened more than 50%. The mechanism can also be used into various automatic launchers of expendable probes through a little configuration adjustment, which has a wide field of applications.

A rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of wogonin, 4dicaffeoylquinic acid and chrysin-7-O-Beta-D-glucoronide in rats plasma. Apiin was selected as the internal standard. The analysis was carried out on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm), with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution, gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.2 mL·min^-1. Linear responses were obtained for wogonin, 4-dicaffeoylquinic acid and chrysin-7-O-Beta-D-glucoronide ranging from 1 to 1 000 ng·mL^-1. The correlation coefficients were better than 0.99. Both recovery rates and matrix effects met the requirement of biological sample analysis. The established UHPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis method shows high sensitivity, accuracy and satisfying recovery, and can be utilized to determine the pharmacokinetic data of wogonin, 4-dicaffeoylquinic acid and chrysin-7-O-Beta-D-glucoronide in rats plasma.

A UPLC method for the determination of rutin, luteoloside, chlorogenic acid and quercetin from Salix songarica flower was established. The analysis was separated on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column, with acetonitrile (A) and water (containing 0.2% acetic acid, B), gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.29 mL/min and detected at 360 nm; the column temperature was 30 ℃. The linear range was 0.05~3.12 μg/mL (r=0.999 8), and the average recovery was 99.9%，with the RSD of 1.6% for rutin. The linear range was 0.03~9.00 μg/mL (r=0.999 5), and the average recovery was 98.8%，with the RSD of 0.8% for luteolin. The linear range was 0.01~5.00 μg/mL (r=0.999 7), and the average recovery was 97.6%，with the RSD of 1.7% for quercetin. The linear range was 0.001~0.05 μg/mL (r=0.999 8), and the average recovery was 99.0%，with the RSD of 2.0% for chlorogenic acid. This method was accurate and reliable, which can be regarded as a reference to control the quality of rutin, luteolin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid in the Salix songarica flower.

The effects of maize straw incorporation and decomposition inoculants on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass, enzyme activity and wheat yield were studied by field experiment. Results showed that, compared with the treatment that without straw incorporation (CK), straw incorporation (T1) and straw incorporation with decomposition inoculants (T2) significantly decreased soil bulk density, increased the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, and the activities of some rhizosphere soil enzyme, such as soil urease, neutral phosphatase and invertase, and further increased the content of soil available nutrients and organic matter, and the final wheat yields significantly increased by 10.33% and 13.46%, respectively. In addition, compared with CK, T2 decreased the number of fungi, and increased soil catalase and dehydrogenase activity in rhizosphere soil, but the differences in T1 treatment were not obvious. In summary, straw return could regulate soil enzyme activity and nutrient content by improving microbial community biomass and diversity, thus optimizing rhizosphere environment and promoting wheat growth. Among them, the treatment effect of straw incorporation with decomposition inoculants was better than only straw incorporation treatment, which could be popularized and applied in maize planting area of the north of China.

In this study, the effect of Trichoderma water dispersible granules (1×108 cfu/g) on the control of wheat sheath blight was tested by field experiment. The results showed that the control effect of Trichoderma seed dressing and root irrigation reached 71.59% and the increasing yield rate of wheat was 16.8%. Both were obviously higher than that of the control pesticide, 20% Jinggangmycin soluble powder. As a microbial pesticide, Trichoderma water dispersible granules have the advantages of environmental safety, high selectivity, and not easy to induce resistance by pathogen.

As biomedical materials, magnesium and magnesium alloy has advantages of excellent mechanical properties and biological compatibility, completely selfdegradation, rich in resources, and easy to process molding. Its application status quo and latest research advances in the field of orthopedics and cardiovascular were surveyed in this paper. It is considered that the main problems of magnesium and magnesium alloy implanted medical devices are the poor corrosion resistance in vivo and the failure to control the rate of degradation effectively. Therefore, it should be developed in the future to improve its corrosion resistance and control the rate of degradation，which is expected to be more widely used in clinical practice.

This paper studied on adding graphene in lubricating oil add to improve its extreme pressure antiwear performance. The surface of graphene was modified by oleic acid and stearic acid. The morphology of modified graphene was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The stability of modified graphene in suspension was observed by spectrophotometer. Friction and wear testing machine was used to test the tribological properties of lubricating oil with modified graphene. The results showed that the morphology of graphene changed after surface modification, which improved the suspension stability in lubricating oil. A modified graphene with a mass fraction of 0.075% was added to the lubricant, whose wear resistance and loadbearing capacity were greatly improved.

To solve the problem of pipe thickness online nondestructive testing in the explosive surroundings of oil refinery area, a novel EMAT system with maximum lift-off value of 6 mm has been developed in the way of focusing magnetic field and optimizing the testing coil. Experiment results show that the testing accuracy was less than 0.05 mm for standard test block with thickness of 22 mm and the serviced pipeline with thickness of 12.16 mm when the condition of liftoff value was less than 6 mm. The developed EMAT system in this work can satisfy the requirement of pipeline thickness detection in the refining factory, which provides the ability of explosionproof design and certification for EMAT technology.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is widely used to analyze the composition and the concentration of elements in materials，which is based on the atomic excitation and emission spectrum. It has many advantages, such as rapid, multielement simultaneous detection and without sample pretreatment. In this paper, research progress on the application of metal element detection in such fields as alloy, soil, water, and food is reviewed. It is considered that there are some problems in this technology at present, such as low detection accuracy, poor repeatability, unstable detection signal. It is also found that the research and development of LIBS based metal element detection instrument should be developed towards the direction of conventional, portable and high precision.

Based on the classical Dijkstra algorithm, an algorithm for point to point shortest paths based on preprocessing was studied. The bidirectional Dijkstra algorithm and the reachbased preprocessing method were introduced to establish the new RE algorithm in this paper. The program of the new algorithm was compiled with C++ and the new algorithm was applied to traffic engineering field. Traffic networks considering delay on roads and intersections were constructed by using EFSS data structure to test the applicability and efficiency of RE algorithm. The results reveal that compared with the original Dijkstra algorithm, the RE algorithm has a significant increase in the search speed and can ensure the correctness of path query. On largescale networks, the new RE algorithm shows great advantages and its query time is approximately 10% of the Dijkstra algorithm.

Taking Ningbo public bicycle as a case study, the factor analysis and binomial logistic method were combined to analyze the 1 688 inhabitants′ valid satisfaction questionnaires. Factor analysis was used to select six factors, and the binomial logistic method was used to remove and select five effective factors, thus the service satisfaction evaluation model of public bicycle was built to evaluate current service satisfaction of public bicycle in Ningbo. At the same time, the evaluation model was checked by random sampling of 5% questionnaires which was not participating in modeling, so as to ensure the accuracy and rationality of the model. The results of research are helpful to evaluate current Ningbo citizens′ service satisfaction of public bicycle, and is suitable for the prediction of the service satisfaction of public bicycle in the future.

To improve the forecasting accuracy of short-term traffic flow of urban road, and to overcome the disadvantages of slow convergence and easy to fall into local optimum in the prediction process of wavelet neural network, an improved artificial bee colony algorithm, or ABC for short, was proposed to optimize the wavelet neural network prediction model. The adaptive mutation operation in differential evolution algorithm and the selection operator, crossover operator and mutation operator in genetic algorithm were introduced to optimize the traditional ABC, and to improve such disadvantages as slow convergence and weak local search ability in its later period. In this paper, the algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the wavelet neural network and predict the shortterm traffic flow. The simulation results show that compared with the existing model, the improved ABC algorithm has less error, higher accuracy, fewer training times, and has higher practical application value.

Based on the data of natural disasters of Shaanxi Province from 2009 to 2015, this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of natural disasters in this area and evaluated their vulnerability with the combination of mathematical statistical analysis. The results show that the affected population and the affected area of crops are the direct manifestation of the vulnerability of natural disasters. The direct economic loss caused by disasters is the indirect manifestation of the vulnerability of natural disasters. The vulnerability of natural disasters in Shaanxi Province has obvious spatial and temporal distribution differences. The areas with high vulnerability to natural disasters are mainly distributed in the eastern region, while Xi'an and Tongchuan city in the midland are low vulnerability areas. The research provides the decisionmaking basis for the department of disaster prevention and prediction.

To obtain the key evaluation factors in the special evaluation and improve the regional applicability of evaluation standards for each single factor, a screening and optimizing method was proposed based on Nemerow index method. Based on the evaluation result tables established by the single factor index method and Nemerow index method, the ranking of evaluation factors was obtained by determining the quality category and calculating the nonzero results. Then, according to the ranking of factors, the consistency of the evaluation results of two methods could be improved by optimizing the single factor evaluation criteria. Taking the seawater intrusion assessment in Guangrao as an example, the application results showed that sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was the key evaluation factor for seawater intrusion assessment in Guangrao. After the evaluation criteria of single factors were optimized, the consistency ratio of the evaluation results by single factor index method and Nemerow index method was improved to different extent. Among them, the optimization effect of chloride was the most significant, and its ratio of consistency was increased by 21.7% compared with the previous one. This method could provide more targeted technical supports for the repair and improvement of specific targets as well as some tracking or periodic evaluations.

A bi-semiring whose semigroup S,+ was a semilattice, semigroup  S,· was an inverse semigroup and semiroup S,* was a semilattice was studied in this paper. By using three partial orders constructed on S,+,S,· and S,* and the relationships among them, some equivalent statements for this kind of bisemiring to be a distributive lattice were given.

In the research of brain-computer interface, a classification method for recognizing the features of motor imagery EEG signals based on probabilistic collaborative representation (ProCRC) was proposed in this paper. The maximum likelihood that a test sample belonged to each of the multiple classes was compared, so as to determine the final classification that it belonged to.Performance of this method was tested using the data set of BCI competition Ⅲ. Firstly, the S transform was used to extract the electroencephalography features, and then different classifiers were compared. Finally, the classification accuracy was used as the evaluation criterion to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper could reach 90%, which provided a new idea for the research of the classification algorithm of the braincomputer interface system.

Taking the rocklike materials made of cement and mortar as the research object, combined with related theories such as mechanics of elasticity, fracture mechanics and fluid mechanics, the calculation theoretical model for the frost heaving force of porous rock under the effect of volume expansion was derived, and a positive correlation between the frost heaving force and the bulk modulus was obtained. Through the uniaxial compression experiments for fractured specimens after freezethaw cycle and the analysis of the influence of frost heaving force on the specimens with different fracture angles, it was found that the frost heaving force had the most obvious influence on specimen with 0° fracture, and the influence of frost heaving force on the peak strength of fractured specimens was gradually weakened with the increase of the fracture angle. The exact model was put forward for the solution of frost heaving force in rock fracture, and the feasibility of model for frost heaving force was verified by experiment, which provided a theoretical basis for future research on the frost heaving force value in fracture.

In order to reduce the level of pipeline leakage and ensure the safety and reliability of urban water supply, this paper took a typical water supply area in a city of Yunnan as a research object. Using set pair analysis of leakage prediction model (SPALF), the actual situation of the leakage of different pipe materials was analyzed from two aspects of the leakage quantities and the leakage rate of the water supply network, and the leakage trend of different pipe materials in the future was predicted as well, which could improve the level of active leak detection in water supply enterprises and the reliability of water supply safety, and reduce the leakage rate of pipe network and the cost of water supply.

To ensure the safety and reliability of riprap protection project of submarine cable in Qiongzhou Straight, a formula for calculating the rockfill′s stable dimension was established in this paper. According to the dynamic factors of the engineering sea area, the stable dimension of the riprap block was calculated.The calculation results matched experimental results well.The rockfill′s stable dimension was confirmed by calculation analysis and experimental research, which could save cost and improve the safety and reliability of riprap protection project.