We employed pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography(pH-ZRCCC)and conventional high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) to separate and prepare the chemical components in the crude extracts of Rheum officinale Baill.We initially used pH-ZRCCC to separate the crude extracts of Rheum officinale Baill.with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water(3：7：4：6,V/V) as a binary phase solvent system.Trifluoroacetic acid of 10 mmol/L was added to the upper organicstationary phase as a retainer and NaOH of 15 mmol/L was added to the aqueous mobile phase as an eluter.We acquired cinnamic acid (purity of 96.1%)of 140 mg, rhein(purity of 92.5%) of 130 mg and residue of 560 mg from crude extracts of 1.3 g. We further applied conventional HSCCC to the separation of the residue of 260 mg with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (7：3：7：4,V/V) as a binary phase solvent system, and obtained aboutemodin (purity of 96.5%)of 98 mg and aloeemodin (purity of 96.5%) of 60 mg. We employed HPLC to detect the purity and ESI-MS and1HNMR to identify those structures. Results show that the combination of pH-ZRCCC and HSCCC is an effective method for the separation of chemical compounds from Rheum officinale Baill.

We established a rapid and accurate method for the content determination of 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone with quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. We acquired 1HNMR spectra of the mixture of 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone and benzoic acid at 25 ℃ with Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer scanning 32 times, DMSO as solution, and benzoic acid as internal standard. Proton signal peaks at δ 6.97 of 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone and δ 7.95 of benzoic acid served as quantification peaks. Linear regression equation of y=0.197x+0.783 and correlation coefficient of 0.997 were obtained for peak areas ratio y(As/Ar) of 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone andbenzoic acid and mass ratio x(ms/mr).RSD of 0.47% (n=6), RSD of stability of 0.58%, and RSD of recovery rate of 1.18% were acquired for repeatable tests of content determination.The contents of 3 batches of 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone were 99.53%, 99.46% and 99.49%. Experimental results show that the concentration of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance determined 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone isslightly lower than that by HPLC without reference substance. The method therefore can be used for the content determination and quality control of 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone. It can also provide references for content determination of other reference substances.

We prepared super-hydrophobic solutionby adding 2% perfluorinatedoctyltriethoxysilane and additiveto modified-organosilicone dilute solution.We implemented micron order super-hydrophobic coating on inner-walls of three micro-tubes with diameters of 0.447 mm, 0.728 mm and 0.873 mm to form super-hydrophobic micro-tubes. The contact angles of water on their inner surfacesare all larger than 150°.We further constructed aninnermicro-tube fluid characteristicexperimental system and exploredsuper-hydrophobic resistance reduction law. We measured frictional resistance coefficients f of de-ionized water flowing micro-tubes with super-hydrophobic layer and without super-hydrophobic layer for Re changing from 100~3000.Experimental results show flowing resistance in a micro-tube is significantly reduced through super-hydrophobic processing. Moreover, such resistance gradually reduces with the increase of the innerdiameter of a micro-tube. The maximum decreasing amplitude canreach 29.08%.Super-hydrophobic coating can make the transition of flow from laminar to turbulenceinobviously delayed and the transitional Re in micro-tubes increases with the increase of the diameter.

Research on biosensors involves extensive contents, multiple disciplines and their overlap. We review its status quo and characteristics with emphasis on immobilizedenzyme sensors. We also address the kind of bioactive components, immobilization strategy andits applications.We further present the main issues affecting practical application process of Chinese biosensorsenzyme variety scarcity, bad stability and less analytical performance of instruments.We then explore its development emphasis and directions from enzyme molecular elements, bioelectronics components, manufacture technology and market development of biosensors. We eventually present our suggestions for the emphasis on the standardization of new enzyme molecular elements and bioelectronics components and integration technology of analytical system.

We addressed the application of H2O2 concentration measurement and enzyme activity characterization in coimmobilized GODCAT resin. We initially detected H2O2 concentration in reaction solution with hydrogen peroxide electrode.H2O2was generated through coimmobilized GODCAT resin catalytic oxidizing glucose prepared in different GOD/CAT activity ratios. The optimal GOD/CAT activity ratio was then obtained. We further detected the change of glucose mass and concentration in the substrate of reaction liquid in catalytic oxidation with glucose oxidase electrode. This provided anactivity characterization method of coimmobilized GODCAT resin. We then investigated its enzymatic properties. Results show that its optimal generation conditions are GOD/CAT activity ratio of 1:1, temperature of 45 ℃ and pH of 6.0. Its heat, pH, operation and storage stabilitiesare all higher than those of free enzyme.

We designed a formaldehyde gas detection sensor based on the aldehyde oxidase principle. Its sensitive component was manufactured through such process as selfassembly, activation, and adsorption with gold electrode as substrate, and had better electrocatalysis and oxidation effect to formaldehyde. We further designed a formaldehyde gas detection biosensor with the electrode and a LPC1788 chip as its CPU. The biosensor was tested with formaldehyde gas of 0.1 mg/m3.Results demonstrate that the sensor has as rapid response time as 20 s, shorter recovery time and lower detection limit as 0.01 mg/m3 to formaldehyde gas.

Linear least squares fitting is only applicable to gas detection whose spectral absorption rate is less than 0.1 in coal mine optical fiber gas detection. We present the calculation for gas concentration with damped least squares fitting for the nonlinear issue between the varieties of gas absorption spectrum and concentration if spectral absorption rate increases. Experimental results show that the detection limitation of the method based gas detector is improved from 100 ppm to 30 ppm.Data calibration procedure is also simplified, so the method can better satisfy the requirements of coal mines for secure production.

We design a new high sensitive fiber grating gas pressure sensor with temperature compensation based on a thinwalled cylinder structure to improve the precision and accuracy of gas pressure sensing. We determine its structure and size through theory analysis. It has a thinwalled cylinder structure with inner diameter of 15 mm, wall thickness of 0.13 mm and 30CrMnSiA as material. Its sensitivity is 220 pm/MPa.The drift amount of its fiber grating central wavelength is 2.93 nm when gas pressure is 10 MPa.It has error of less than 0.05 MPa and better reproducibility.Practical application shows that it has higher accuracy and can overcome the impact of temperature on measurement results.

Unbalanced distribution of resident and employment is a very predominant issue in the rapid metropolis development. It can cause the unbalance of traffic demand and heavy traffic congestion. We construct a network dynamics model for the relationship between residentemployment distribution and commuting with urban development macro data as influential variables to investigate the relationship in city development. We also establish parameter relationship based wavelet neural networks to solve the model. We further employ Beijing macroeconomic data and commuting data from nine typical residential areas to calibrate and validate the model. Results show that the model can better denote the influence of residentemployment distribution structure on commuting feature and predict the trend of commuting feature variance.

Cyclist safety has presently become an increasingly severe issue. We address cyclist riding stability with cycling data and traffic environment data collected in cyclist riding experiment. We also investigate the influential factors affecting riding stability based on cycling data and traffic environment data with corner changing rate as evaluation index for riding stability.We analyze data with Bayesian inference based random parameter model to consider the heterogeneity of individuals. Analytical results indicate that cyclist riding stability is only affected by riding speed variance coefficient.The greater the coefficient is, the greater corner changing rate is.This shows worse riding stability. Individual difference considered random parameter model has better degree of fitting, as compared with conventional fixed parameter models.

We determine the index system for efficiency evaluation of empty wagon allocation by analyzing the influential factors of empty wagon allocation in railway networks.We also acquire the evaluation grade of an optimal target in the empty wagon allocation issue by the idea oftripartite game.We further construct anempty wagon allocation efficiency model in railway networks with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The model is verified with the railway network in Lanzhou railway administration as an example. It has important practical significance for improving the quality of railway freight transportation.

We addressed the impact of nutrient type and addition amount, and different surfactanton bioremediation effect of petroleum contaminated soil based on the addition of efficientoildegradation agent.Results show that nutrient type significantly affects the remediation process. Degradation rates of oil processed through addition of nitro ammonium phosphate and the mixed nitrogenrichfertilizer (NH4NO3：NH4H2PO4=5：1) are respectively 15.1% and 17.2% higher than that of the control.Bioremediation effect is better when the ratio of carbon and nitrogen is between 100：7.05 and 100：9.4, and the addition of fertilizer should be multiplelowdose. The processing effect of rhamnolipid is better than that of other chemical surfactants and its oildegradation rate is 8% higher than that of the control, superior to other chemical surfactants.

Bohai rim is the main distribution area of Chinese coastal oilfields, and a typical ecofragile region. Longterm intensive crude oil exploitation seriously destroys the local environment. Although the local oilfield enterprises adopt many measures to curb environmental pollutions, the quality of local ecoenvironment has not been improved. We review the characteristics of ecoenvironment at Chinese Bohai rim, oilfield exploitation history, and the impact of oilfield exploitation on local ecoenvironment. We also present control measures for current oilfield pollutants and the comprehensive governance strategies for the environment of coastal oilfields. This will be a reference for further oilfield exploitation and management.

Longterm oil exploitation causes quality deterioration of the soil in Shengli Oilfield. However, we know very little about the contamination characteristics of the heavy metals in the soil of oilfields. We discovered that enrichment factors of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni were 3.44, 5.79, 8.08 and 2.47 and potential pollution risk existed through the sampling and analysis of eight heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, V and Mn) in the soil of Gudao oil region of Shengli Oilfield. Heavy metal speciation analysis results reveal that the speciation distribution of heavy metals are probably affected by oil pollution in the soil.

We address the influential factors of steel slag carbonization in brakingfree bricks from granularity of steel slag, time of carbonization, gas pressure of carbon dioxide, moisture of material, and pressure of pressing bricks by steel slag brakingfree bricks carbonization experiment for solving the problem of unstable quality of steel slag products.These five factors all have significant impacts on carbonization weight increase and intensity of test bricks in the experimental scope, but the influential tendencies are quite different. XRD, SEM and EDS show that tremendous fine stick like calcium carbonate crystals generate after steel slag carbonization. The autoclave soundness is eligible after carbonization,greater than 15 MPa of compressive strength. Brakingfree brick manufacture by carbonization of steel slagcan absorb greenhouse gas CO2 by full utilization of steel slag, so energy source and cure time are saved. It is therefore an effective path for steel slag utilization.

Glycine soja is the only wild relative which can crossfertilize cultivated soybean (Glycine max) and deliver fertile offspring.It has very strong salinity tolerance capability. Salt tolerance variant screening that is performed through sexual hybridization of wild and cultivated soybeans and tissue culture technology in vitro is an effective path to improve salt tolerance of soybean. We address induction and salinity tolerance of the calli of soybean mature embryo through the selection of five cultivated soybeans and wild soybean (Dongying 1). Results show that the survival rate of the wild soybean calliis remarkably higher than that of cultivated soybean calli, and that the descent range of the fresh weight of wild soybean calliis much lower than that of cultivated soybean calli for different concentrations NaCl stress.The superoxide dismutase and peroxida seactivities of the wild soybean calli are significantly higher than that of cultivated soybean calli.The malondialdehyde content of wild soybean calliis noticeably lower than that of cultivated soybean calli under NaCl stress.These indicate that the salinity tolerance of wild soybean calliis significantly superior to cultivated soybean calli, which provides a theoretical reference for the cultivation of new species salt tolerance soybean.

We addressed fourclone poplar pollen viability under different storage temperatures with pollen in vitro method, and the feasibility of poplar pollen in cross breeding after stored in ultralow temperature for one year. Experimental results show that germination rate of poplar pollen is maximal after cultured for 28 hours in vitro. The germination rate of four poplar clone pollenis highest after 3 months storage at -20 ℃, 36% for Populus alba×P. glandulosa ‘84K’, 35.2% for (P. tomentosa×P. bolleana)×P. canescens, 39.2% for P. deltoides cl. ‘Zhonghe 1’, and 41.9% for P. nigra cv‘ Italica’. The pollen that is stored at -80 ℃ for one year still has viability, and can properly pollinate.We can therefore get the regular seeds.

We established a semistructured road model for the characteristics of walking route of domestic transformer substation inspection robots. It combined the improved Dijkstra and simulated annealing algorithms and then was applied to the design of global path planning of transformer substation intelligent inspection robot. We also constructed an electronic map system with global path planning functionality, which was based on SQL Server and VC++. The system has been put into operation in a transformer substation inspection robot platform.Actual operation results show that the model is feasible and highlyefficient.

We propose a realtime lossless data compression technology forbit splicing, LZW and improved LZW combined approach to reduce transmission time and cost of the communications system of an ocean data buoy. Its average compression ratio is less than 40%, which can reduce communication time.Practical application shows that this technology improves data compression ratio,reduces communication cost and guarantees system reliability.

We constructed underwater equipment applied SOFC system heat management model based on BP network. We then performed linear prediction for the model. We also repeatedly trained the models of the combustor, heat exchanger and pile, selected proper parameters and tested the trained models. The error between tested data and practical data satisfied the requirement. We further applied the same data to the training and test of BP network based SOFC system model. Results show that the error between tested data and practical data is about ±1℃.The model can therefore provide important theory and methodology support for the development of the prototype of SOFC system.

We designed a new carrier of wave measuring buoy with stainless steel 316,and its new canopy structure and battery cabin layout. After its computer simulation, we performed simulation calculation for its static hydraulic characteristics and stability. Simulation results show that draught height of the buoy is 0.43 m,and the number of stability criterion is 1.21.This can satisfy the requirements.Sea trial and actual application results show that the body of the buoy is standard,safe and reliable. It has also good sealing performance,simple in stallation and convenient transportation.

We compared content differences of liposoluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.from different origin places with HPLC spectrogram.We determined the survival rate of cardiac myocytes injured by oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD）for 1,2 and 3 h by MTT assay to construct the model group of oxygen/glucose deprivation. We further added low,medium and high dosage of liposoluble components in the cells of the model group and determined the concentration of drugs adding through the observation of cellular morphology.We then detected LDH content, TAC and survival rate (SR) of cells of every group, which were served as the parameters identifying the differences of protective effect of liposoluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.Results show that the survival rates, LDH and TAC of OGD group and treatment group are significantly different from those of control group (P＜0.05).The survival rate, LDH and TAC of treatment group is also significantly different from those of OGD group(P＜0.05).Liposoluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.dramatically reduce the overflow of LDH after H9C2 cardiac myocytes were injured through oxygen/glucose deprivation.They can also increase SR and TAC of cardiac myocytes,which do have protective effect to OGD damaged cardiac myocytes.Moreover, the protective effects of liposoluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.from different origin places to H9C2 cardiac myocytes injured by OGD are indeed different.

We compared the contents of Salvianolicacid B, protein and soluble sugar, light transmittance and DPPH free radical scavenging rate of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.between vacuum extraction and conventional extraction. Optimum conditions of vacuum extraction were ethanol concentration of 50%, solid to liquid ratio of 1:10, vacuum degree of 0.07 MPa, temperature of 50 ℃ and extraction time of 1.0 hour. For identical extraction agents, extraction rates of Salvianolic acid B and DPPH free radical scavenging rate were equal for vacuum extraction and heat reflux extraction, greater than those of ultrasonic extraction and warm immersion extraction.The extract yield, contents of protein and soluble sugar of vacuum extraction were higher than those of ultrasonic extraction and warm immersion extraction, but lower than those of heat reflux extraction. Vacuum extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.has high extraction rate of Salvianolic acid B, clear extracting solution and less impurity, superior to conventional extraction.

We established a twodimensional numerical model and comparatively investigated the impact of heating wall on vortex shedding of microcylinders with different diameters of 2 cm, 20 μm and 2 μm for low Reynolds number (0~100). We further addressed the cause and influence of diameter, wall and fluid temperature difference on vortex growth and shedding law, velocity at wake region, temperature field and distribution of vortex street parameters.We also fitted the quantitative relationship between Strouhal number and low Reynolds number.We found that vortices street of a microcylinder at wake region appeared much earlier than that of a conventionsized cylinder when its diameter reduced to 2 μm. However, heating wall reduced the discrepancies among the cylinders with three different diameters and made the appearance of the lowest Re all less than 40 for the vortex street at leeward region. The ratio of row distance h to line distance l of vortex street increased with the increase of temperature difference between the wall and the fluid, but the ratio of vortex street at wake region of different diameter cylinders decreased with the increase of Re for identical temperature difference. The ratio significantly increased with the decrease of the diameter of microcylinders for identical Re. Sr of a microcylinder with heating wall was greater than that without heating wall, the biggest discrepancy of 20% available.

We constructed a 3D steadystatus model for flat microheat pipe arrays solar energy air collector. We also performed grid segmentation and numerical calculation for the physical model of single heat collection unit with software Gambit and Fluent. We further simulated heat exchange and flow of single pipe and verified its effectiveness by experiments.Experimental results show that the simulated results fit well with the experimental results, less than 12% deviation.This demonstrates the rationality of the model. Our research can provide theoretical basis for optimization design of flat microheat pipe arrays solar energy air collector in future.

We respectively immobilized pyranose oxidase (PROD) and glucose oxidase (GOD) on the membrane of cellulose acetate with glutaralde hydecros slinker and prepared amperometric electrochemical enzyme electrodes. We respectively detected different concentrations glucose, xylose and their combinations. We addressed the response characteristics of PROD electrode to glucose and xylose with GOD electrode as a control. Results show that PROD electrode has better response characteristics to both glucose and xylose.The reproducibility ( RSD) is 1.10%(n=10) for glucose and 0.80% (n=10）for xylose.Better linear relationship is 0.9990 in the scope of 10~1 000 mg/L for glucose, and 0.9998 in the scope of 10~1 600 mg/L for xylose. PROD electrode exhibits dominant doublesubstrate catalytic characteristics for the combination of glucose and xylose, whose response to glucose and xylose has linear relationship within a certain concentration range.

Microporous Prussian Blue/gold composite material was prepared with electrochemical deposition and hydrogen bubble as a template. We designeda highly sensitive electrochemical glucose sensor through immobilizing glucose oxidase on the surface of the composite material. We further employed typical currenttime response to investigate its electrocatalytic property to glucose. Results show that its response time is 7 s, and linear detection range is 0.05 to 3.75 mmol/L. The sensor also has better reproducibility and higher stability.

We addressed property changes of corn flour fermented through Rhizopus oryzae and Lactobacillus by microorganism fermentation. Results indicate that the contents of starch and total sugar decrease after fermentation, but the contents of soluble glucose and reducing sugar respectively increase 18.6 and 16.5 times, and 5 and 4 times. Moistureholding capacity and solubility of fermented corn flour respectively increase 45.7% and 63.0%, and 2.6 and 2.5 times.Swelling index of glutenin increases 80% and 90%.The method improves ductility, transparency and absorbent of corn flour, which can significantly increase the chewiness and elasticity of corn flour.

Emergent events frequently happen and have great influence on passengers in urban railway traffic network.We established urban railway traffic route choice model for travelers in emergent events based on cumulative prospect theory. We also analyze the impact of emergent events on the behavior of travelers in urban railway traffic.Results show that the theory can well describe the behavior of urban railway network route choice of travelers in emergent event.

We generalize wholly social containerized freight volume from 1995 to 2012. We also screen out indexes with gray correlation analysis method.We further construct BP neural network prediction model, based on which we predict wholly social containerized freight domestic demand from 2013 to 2020.Prediction results show that BP neural network model has better fitting effect for the actual past value and little error. It demonstrates that the model has higher reliability and practicability.

A phenanthrene degradable strain SP3 was isolated from petrolcontaminated soil. It was roughly identified as Mycobacterium sp.through physiological and biochemical identification and contrast analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. Phenanthrene could be served as its unique carbon source.The degradation rate is more than 99% in such conditions as mineral salt medium of phenanthrene concentration of 100 μg/mL,shaking culture of 28 ℃ and 7 days. We discovered that optimal culture medium of strain SP3 included starch of 1%, beef extract of 1%,Na2HPO4 of 0.2%and NaH2PO4 of 0.2%. We determined its optimum culture conditions of temperature of 30 ℃, initial pH of 7.5 and culture time of 12 h through single factor experiment.

We collected 16 PAHs in oil field soil samples with accelerated solvent extraction and GPC to eliminate background interference and make acquired data more reliable.We then constructed efficient and precise analysis method by gas chromatographymass spectrometry.Its correlation coefficients with 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were more than 0.997. Its detection limit, average recovery rate and RSD were 0.8~7.3 ng/mL, 82.8％~94.2％, and 1.38％~8.86％.Practical analysis and test results show that the method was suitable for PAHs analysis of oil field soil.

We addressed the output properties of adiodeendpumped Nd:YVO4/GaAs laser passively Qswitched with GaAs saturable absorber.The maximum output slope efficiencies of the continuous wave (CW)and Qswitching operation were 41.5% and 11.4%. We obtained the shortest pulse width of only 1.9 ns with a 700μm thick GaAs wafer as a satuable absorber and a plane mirror of T=6.5% as a output coupler (OC) of a 15 mm long laser cavity. Pulse repetition frequency acquired by T=6.5% and T=20% OCs respectively increased from 18.7 and 23.9 kHz to 53 and 41.3 kHz in the increasing process of absorbed pumping power from 0.5 to 5.6 W. The biggest pulse energy obtained through these two OCs was 8.5 and 13.3 μJ, whose peak powers were 4.45 and 4.6 kW. This Qswitched Nd:YVO4/GaAs laser had very high amplitude stability, whose Qswitched pulse amplitude fluctuation was less than 3% for high pump power.

The separation of control and data layers in software defined networking provides a wide space for the improvement of network available rate. Its controller, a core technology, receives wide attention from many researchers. We address the core function of its controller and surveys the research advances of availability, performance, extendability and reliability of its controller through analysis of its typical architecture. We conclude that we should highlight its backbone network service abstract, controller performance optimization and newborn security and reliability issues in future.

We design and implement a MapReduce based web crawler system for such issues as low efficiency and bad scalability of a single crawler system. It employs HDFS and HBase to store web information and extracts web information through a row block distribution function. It then measures similarity for acquired web information by Simhash algorithm and deduplication strategy of similarity analysis of URL and web information. Experimental results show that it has better performance and scalability, and increases average crawling speed by 4.8 times, as compared with single crawling system.

We present a BP neural network based classification method for iris image quality in view of such badquality image issues as insufficient light condition, glasses reflection and eyelid shelter in the process of iris image acquisition.We initially employ twodimensional wavelet transform to extract the features of an iris image, and then train a BP neural network with the extracted and normalized image as its input，finally.We therefore implement the goal of distinguishing the iris images affected by three different factors from unaffected images.Experimental results show that the method has higher classification accuracy and lower error rate.

We present a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)tuning based PID control strategy.It is then applied to the tracking control of flexible joint inverted pendulum. It acquires Jacobian information of flexible joint inverted pendulum by the identification of neural network,and adaptively adjusts PID control parameters by gradient descent method.Simulation results show that the method has rapid response and small overshoot, as compared with other conventional PID control methods. It better solves the difficulty inparameters tuning of PID control method,and implements effective tracking and control over flexible joint inverted pendulum.

We addressed the impact of different foliar spraying of carbamide, monopotassium phosphate and borax solutions before florescence of Lonicera japonica Thunb. to intervene its florescence and guarantee the yield and quality of honeysuckle. Results show that the florescence treated by monopotassium phosphate solution is lengthened and the firstflowering date is delayed after the treatment of low concentration monopotassium phosphate solution compared with control group.For the treatment of carbamide nitrogenous solution, florescence shortens and C/N declines in growth with the increase of its concentration.Monopotassium phosphate solution of 3~6 mg/mL contributes to accumulation of soluble sugar. C/N increases with the growth of flower and flowering time prolongs. Low concentrations borax solution (less than 2 mg/mL) can delay initial flowering phase to the end of April.Florescence advances and general flowering time prolongs for boron solution of 3 mg/mL.Phosphate solution of 3~ 6 mg/mL and boron solution of 1~3 mg/mL are benefit to the prolongation of honeysuckle florescence.

We employed medical highconcentration alcohol reflux to extract androsin. We optimized extraction conditions with L9(34) orthogonal design and androsin yield and content as main indexes. Experimental results show that the optimal extraction scheme is A1B3C3, 3 times reflux extraction for 4.5 h with 95% alcohol of 20 times medical amount (10 times amount reflux for 2 h for the first time, 6 times amount reflux for 1.5 h for the second time, and 4 times amount reflux for 1 h for the third time).