Shandong Science

Design and implementation of communication function of ship meteorological instrument based on Ethernet technology

CHU Wei-xian, ZHANG Yun, QI Sui-ping, WANG Dong-ming

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 1-6. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.001

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This paper presented a design scheme of communication function of ship meteorological instrument based on Ethernet technology. Combining S3C2440A and DM9000AE chips, the communication board of ship meteorological instrument was designed. The test results show that the design realizes the Ethernet communication between the ship meteorological instrument and other shipborne equipment, fully meeting the requirements of the ship meteorological instrument for Ethernet communication.

A method of underwater image enhancement based on transmittance optimization and color calibration

LI Xiang-chun, ZHANG Hao, LIU Xiao-yan, ZONG Fang-yi, LIU Jun-li

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 7-14. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.002

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When light is transmitted in water, it is severely attenuated by water absorption and scattering of suspended particles, resulting in low contrast and color distortion of underwater optical image. In this paper, a method of underwater image enhancement based on transmittance optimization and color calibration was proposed. According to the underwater optical imaging model, the transmittance was estimated based on the principle of minimum information loss, and the estimated accuracy of transmittance was improved by combining with guidance filtering. The clear underwater image was obtained by inverse solution of the underwater imaging model. The histogram equalization was utilized to further improve image contrast, and white balance method was used to calibrate color. Experimental results show that this method can effectively remove the blur caused by backscattering, improve the contrast and clarity of the image, and correct the color imbalance.

Study on the preparation of cyclodextrin inclusion complex of volatile oil from Asarum by orthogonal tests

GUO Cheng-cheng, GAO Shuang, WANG Yu-zhen, XIE Hui-chao, MA Xue-mei, RONG Rong, YANG Yong, LI Ling-jun

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 15-21. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.003

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In order to optimize the preparation technology of inclusion of volatile oil from Asarum by β-cyclodextrin, the inclusion rate of methyleugenol, yield and drug loading rate in volatile oil from Asarum were taken as indicators, the technological conditions of inclusion of β-cyclodextrin were optimized by orthogonal tests, and the content of methyleugenol was determined by HPLC. The results showed the optimum inclusion process was that: volatile oil volume(mL):β-CD quality(g)was 1:6, inclusion temperature was 60 ℃ and inclusion time was 1 h.The inclusion of methyleugenol rate, drug loading rate and inclusion complex yield were 74.64%, 8.72% and 77.23% respectively. The optimized inclusion process was simple, stable and suitable for industrial production.

Content determination of paeoniflorin in Yiganfuzhengqingdu Granules by HPLC

LI Yan, CHENG Hong-jie, LI Ke-ming

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 22-27. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.004

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A method for the determination of paeoniflorin content in Yiganfuzhengqingdu Granules by HPLC was established. HPLC analysis was carried out with Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm) and methanol-0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate(38:62, V/V) as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was 25 ℃,injection volume was 10 μL, the detection wavelength was 230 nm. The results showed that the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.079 1～0.988 0 μg for paeoniflorin (r=0.999 9), the recovery rate was 98.1%~100.6% with RSD 1.02%(n=6). This method is highly specific, sensitive, reproducible and simple, which can be used for quality control of Yiganfuzhengqingdu Granules.

Hydrothermal growth of sulfur introducted ZnO and its luminescence properties on the microscale

GAO Xiu-mei, GUO Hong-ying, LI Ya-nan

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 28-33. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.005

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Double-rod shaped pure ZnO and sulfur Introducted ZnO (S-ZnO) samples with twin crystal structure have been synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, and the effects of sulfur doping on the structure, morphology, and fluorescence behavior of resulted samples were systematically studied. XRD results showed that no new phase appeared in S-ZnO samples and the sulfur existed just as the dopant in the samples. Photoluminescence (PL) results at low temperature showed that there was no visible light emission for pure ZnO samples, while strong green light emission peaks appeared for the S-ZnO samples. When PL was measured at room temperature, both samples showed visible emissions: orange light emission (570 nm) for ZnO and green light emission (500 nm) for S-ZnO. Microzone cathodoluminescence (CL) results gave an almost undetectable orange light emission for ZnO samples, but for S-ZnO samples, the green light emission was stronger and its intensity was higher than near-band-gap emission. The results of this study play an important role on further understanding the defects caused by the introduction of sulfur into ZnO and its luminescence mechanism, making a useful and beneficial exploration to enhance the visible light emission characteristics of ZnO.

Fatigue reliability analysis of pressure shell structure for manned submersible

LI Jin-hua, BAI De-qian, LIU Tie-sheng

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 34-41. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.006

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In order to ensure the normal operation of manned submersible and the divers′ life safety in deep sea environment, the pressureshell of the 4500 m manned submersible was taken as the research object, and the fatigue analysis was carried out based on structural reliability theory and finite element analysis method, the fatigue reliability was calculated based on stressinterference model. The calculation results show that the shell is safe within 4000 service cycles. Considering the influence of stress concentration at the opening of the shell, the fatigue reliability index was reduced from 4.555 2 to 2.034 5, so necessary reinforcement measures should be taken to reduce the stress concentration at the opening position when designing the structure of the pressure submersible shell. This study provides a theoretical reference for structural design and fatigue life estimation of manned submersible pressure shells.

Design of fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor based on bellows and lever composite structure

YANG Yao-Zhong, DUAN Hong-Jie, MOU Jing

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 42-46. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.007

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Aiming at the demand of high-precision water pressure measurement in wells, this paper designed a high-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor based on the pressure sensing characteristics of bellows and a cantilever beam-based lever amplification structure. The axial structure of the bellows under pressure is amplified by the lever structure connected by the hinge to the axial strain of the FBG to achieve high-precision measurement of pressure. The mechanical model of the mechanical structure of the sensor is established. The mathematical expression of the wavelength change and pressure of the FBG in the sensor is derived. The pressure sensitivity of the sensor is simulated by the finite element method. The simulated and experimental pressure sensitivities of the sensor are 14.8 pm/kPa and 14.1 pm/kPa, respectively, which are in good agreement. The pressure sensor can accurately measure a certain range of pressure, and by changing the lever arm length parameter, the sensitivity can be changed and the measuring range can be adjusted.

Progress in the application of optical fiber sensors in nuclear radiation environment

LI Hui, ZHAO Qing-chao, ZHANG Fa-xiang, MA Long, NI Jia-sheng, PENG Gang-ding

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 47-58. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.008

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Optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg grating(FBG), Fabry-Perot cavity (FP cavity) and distributed system were discussed here, their application status in nuclear environment was introduced in detail and the influence of nuclear radiation on the sensors were summarized. Among sensors based on FBG written on naked and doped optical fibers, gratings written on pure silicon fibers and fibers doped with some fluorine (F) show the best properties. When it comes to distributed optical fiber sensors, compared with sensors based on Rayleigh scattering, the ones based on Brillouin and Raman scattering can be more radiation resistive to some extent. For FP cavity based optical fiber sensors, they cannot work normally in nuclear radiation environment for their unique structures. At present, the application of optical fiber sensors in nuclear radiation environment is still strictly limited because of the sensitivity of optical fiber to nuclear radiation,for the shift of peak wavelengths and signal attenuation always occur on the radiated fibers, which affect the long-term stability of the fibers.In order to realize the large-scale application of optical fiber sensors in nuclear radiation environment, the future development direction is to develop optical fibers with stronger radiation resistance and find novel calibration and signal processing methods to improve the response accuracy of sensors.

Study on the division method of railway freight transport responsibility time based on big data

HOU Ji, SONG Rui, HE Shi-wei, YIN Wei-chuan

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 59-69. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.009

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Based on the analysis of railway freight transport process and the influence factors on the process, this paper pointed out the deficiencies of the existing methods of time distribution in each link of freight transport process. A method of railway freight transit responsibilities time division based on big data was put forward, and with the advantage of cloud computing platform in large data processing, the methods and procedures to deal with big data that produced in the railway freight transit were also designed. The concept and calculation method of freight transport responsibility time and responsibility guarantee rate were proposed in order to realize dynamic assessment and evaluation of the efficiency of all links in the whole process of freight transportation. Finally, a case study was carried out based on the actual data of Beijing—Guangzhou line, between Hengyang North station and Dalang station, and by comparing with the traditional calculation method, the applicability and application prospect of the proposed method were verified.

Characteristics simulation of eco-driving behavior based on cellular automata

LI Xing-dong, YUAN Zhen-zhou, ZHANG Yu , GUO Hong-wei

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 70-78. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.010

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Eco-driving is a series of driving measures that can achieve the effect of fuel-efficiency improvement and emission reduction during the driving process. To study the behavioral characteristics of eco-driving, a multi-lane cellular automata model was established to simulate, and the data of a section of freeway in Beijing North Third Ring Road was used as a simulation scenario to calibrate and validate the model. Then, based on this computer simulation model, the effects of car-following driving behavior and lateral driving behavior on traffic operation, energy consumption and exhaust emission were revealed. The eco-driving behavior criterion was established and then, the eco-driving behavior characteristics were predicted. It is found that slow acceleration, maintaining the stability of the vehicle speed, keeping the vehicle speed at a reasonable interval and maintaining a large safety distance are the characteristics of eco-driving behaviors in line with Chinese road characteristics.

Research on the impact of Beijing public transportation fare on travel modal choice based on NL model

YE Qian-wen, CHEN Xu-mei, BAI Xi-hong

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 79-88. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.011

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Stated preference(SP) survey has been conducted to explore the factors which are more passengers′ concerns when choosing traffic modes. With the comparative analysis of the multinomial logit(MNL) model and nest logit(NL) model, the NL model was selected due to its better performance on mode choice modeling. Taking Beijing as a case, the reliability of the model was verified. The impacts of the changes of bus and subway fares on passengers′ choice of transportation modes were studied respectively by using the proposed NL model. The results show that with the increase of bus fares, the regular bus travelers will transfer to private cars for trip within the range of 0~10 km, while those above 10 km will choose subway travel. Besides, with the increase of subway fares, the share rate of subway travel mode is obviously reduced, and thus leads to the decrease of public transport share rate. By exploring the influence of the changes of public transportation fares on passengers′ choice of travel modes, this paper provides reasonable suggestions for the adjustment of public transportation fares in Beijing.

Holiday parking choice behavior model based on the prospect theory

ZHENG Shu-dan, LI Juan, SHAO Chun-fu, LIU Bo-hai

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 89-97. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.012

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Taking Summer Palace of Beijing as an example, the prospect theory was used to establish a decision-making model for the holiday parking choice. In order to determine the reference points of factors to influence parking choice, the actual survey data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The value function of each factor affecting holiday parking choice decision-making and the probability importance coefficient function of tourists about travel time were built up, and then the prospect value of single influencing factor of parking choice was calculated. The weighting of influencing factors was determined by entropy weight-TOPSIS to get the comprehensive attribute value of the parking choice, so as to make the choice of the parking plan. Based on expected utility theory, ML model was established to study the influencing factors of tourists' parking choice behavior. Finally, comparing the rankings of the calculations based on the model with the actual survey results, it is verified that the prospect theory is suitable for the study of holiday parking choice.

Short term traffic flow prediction of expressway based on chaos theory and MEA-BPNN model

WANG Shuo, GU Yuan-li, LI Meng, LU Wen-qi, ZHANG Yuan

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 98-107. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.013

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To improve the precision of short term traffic flow prediction, this paper firstly analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and chaos of traffic flow data measured on Beijing Second Ring Road. Then on this basis, the chaos theory method was used to reconstruct the phase space of traffic flow time series, and an improved BP neural network model was proposed by employing the mind evolution algorithm. Finally, the reconstructed time series data were used as model input for traffic flow prediction. The results indicated that compared with the traditional BPNN model, the proposed model could reduce mean square error, mean absolute error and mean average percentage error by 31.11%，20.71% and 37.28% respectively, which proved that the proposed prediction model had more accurate prediction ability.

Research on safety evaluation of urban motor vehicle signalized intersection based on super-efficiency DEA-FKM

Cheng-gong, LI Xiu-bang, MA Sheng-yuan

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 108-114. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.014

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Using correlation analysis, a flexible evaluation index system for intersection safety under different conditions was established. Based on the data envelopment theory and the model of C²R, a super-efficiency DEA model was established, and by combining the improved K means clustering algorithm (FKM) which had the initial cluster center, an intersection evaluation method was constructed. Taking the 10 intersections in the central district of Xining City as an example for evaluation, the safety indexes and safety grades of each intersection were obtained. The results showed that this method could effectively evaluate the safety of urban intersections; By using super-efficient DEA index clustering, the bias clustering phenomenon was avoided and the existing intersection safety evaluation methods were enriched.

Study on the role of traffic safety facilities in the highway segments passing through villages based on OOPN

YIN Xin-yi, XIAO Gui-ping, ZHANG Tie-jun

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 115-124. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.015

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According to the current situation of frequent traffic accidents in highway segments passing through villages, this paper used the object-oriented petri net (OOPN) as the modeling tool, and based on the existing types and characteristics of traffic interference in highway segments passing through villages, constructed an accident deduction model for traffic safety facilities, which could be used to analyze the impact of various safety facilities on the accident occurrence process in highway segments passing through villages. On the one hand, the model could be used to qualitatively analyze the relationship between the interaction of various parts of facilities and the occurrence of accidents. On the other hand, the model could also be used to calculate the probability of accidents caused by the lack of a certain type of facilities, so as to quantitatively analyze the importance of facilities. The results of the study showed that intersection sign, stop sign, speed limit sign and pedestrian crossing were important signs that should be taken into consideration for the highway segments passing through villages.

Semirings whose multiplicative semigroups are nil extensions of rectangular groups

PU Nan, LI Gang

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 125-129. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.016

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In this paper, we studied semirings in which additive semigroups were semilattices, multiplicative semigroups were nil extensions of rectangular groups. From the subsets of semirings, the relations on multiplicative semigroups were constructed. The necessary and sufficient condition for H- to be the congruence relation on semirings (Reg(S),+,·) was obtained. The conditions under which nil extension of a rectangular group could be transformed into nil extension of a rectangular band were given. The property of nil extension of rectangular groups was extended to the nil extension of rectangular bands and rectangular groups.

An ranking method for nodes in complex networks based on neighbor nodes and the lines——NL centrality algorithm

LIU Shu-lei, DU Jia-le, SHAO Zeng-zhen

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 130-136. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.017

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A multi-attribute ranking method based on neighbor nodes and lines，NL centrality algorithm，was proposed in this paper. NL centrality algorithm not only utilized the number of neighbors and sub-neighbors to further distinguish the node position, but also fully considered the effect of lines upon the importance of a node. The experimental results show that our proposed NL centrality algorithm can outperform well-known centralities in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

A keyword extraction method based on knowledge granularity

YANG Shu-mian, LIU Jian

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(2): 137-142. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.02.018

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In this paper, granularity was described by utilizing the equivalence relation in Rough sets, whose expression in information system and decision table was given by combining rough set with granularity calculation method. And using the attribute importance value in information decision table as heuristic information, Tabu search was carried out on the combination of relative reduction numbers. This method can avoid useless attributes selection, effectively wipe off attributes that can be omitted and reduce the search space, so as to ensure the efficiency of the algorithm.

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