Table of Content

20 February 2019 Volume 32 Issue 1

  

Oceanographic Science, Technology and Equipment

Comparative study on optical sensors and classical Winkler titration for determination of dissolved oxygen

ZHANG Yun-yan, YUAN Da, WU Bing-wei, CHENG Yan

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  1-6.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.001

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An experimental comparison device for dissolved oxygen determination has been built in the laboratory to explore the difference between optical method and classical Winkler titration under different temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration conditions. The results show that the correlation between optical sensors and classical Winkler titration is good with correlation coefficient higher than 0.998 at different temperatures. Dissolved oxygen measured by optical sensors is slightly lower than that of classical Winkler titration in the concentration of dissolved oxygen lower than 4 mg·L^-1. The difference values between optical sensors and classical Winkler titration are mainly concentrated in -0.25~0.25 mg·L^-1 when the concentration of dissolved oxygen is higher than 4 mg·L^-1. The results measured by two kinds of optical sensors are close, and the difference is less than 0.10 mg·L^-1. This result proves that optical sensor is a reliable method for detecting dissolved oxygen, which can be applied to marine survey and conventional on-line monitoring in aquaculture areas.

Research on ocean tiny signal front-end amplifier circuit based on ocean current

CUI Chen-yuan, DU Li-bin, CHEN Guang-yuan, HE Hai-jing, LEI Zhuo, WU Cheng-xuan

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  7-13.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.002

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According to the measurement principle of the ocean current signal sensor, the technical scheme of the acquisition amplifier circuit was proposed. Aiming at the characteristics of large noise of the collected signal, the weak signal of the ocean current electric field was filtered and extracted, realizing the compensation amplification of the in-phase component of the signal. To a certain extent, it overcame the strong interference of the induced electric field caused by the sensor when it sank, and improved the accuracy of circuit measurement. At the same time, the principle of multi-stage amplification was adopted to amplify the weak signal to the observable range of the instrument. It is verified by Multisim simulation software that the acquisition amplifier circuit meets the design requirements and amplifies the signal to 105~106 times while ensuring the quality of the signal.

Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products

Effect of different drying methods on the multi-indicator components content of Gastrodiae Rhizoma

CHEN Yan-nan, LU Heng, ZHENG Xiu-hua, LIU Tian-yuan, WANG Xiao, ZHANG Yu-jie, CUI Li

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  14-20.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.003

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The Gastrodiae Rhizoma was dried by sun-drying, drying at different temperatures, microwave drying and freeze-drying, and the content of the multi-indicative component was determined by HPLC. An analytical method for simultaneous detection of multi-indicator components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma was established, and the effects of different drying methods on appearance and multi-indicator content of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were investigated. Gastrodin,p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and Barryntoside A as the main index, and just considering on the temperature factor, 80 ℃ was the best drying method; Adenosine content as the main indicator, the sun drying was the best way; Using hydroxybenzaldehyde as the main index, there is little difference in sample content between sun-drying and microwave-drying, and the content of freeze-drying method is the lowest. Through the establishment of simultaneous detection methods for multi-index components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, different post-harvest drying methods can be selected according to actual needs. By comparing the appearance and the change of the index component content, the drying effect at 60 ℃ is better for Gastrodiae Rhizoma.

Development of gastrodin certified reference material from the extract of Gastrodia elata Bl.

CHU Qiao, XI Xing-jun, DONG Gen-lai, ZHAO Xin-ying , WANG wei , WANG Feng-he, ZHANG Wei-bing, LAN Tao

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  21-28.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.004

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In this paper we discussed the development method of gastrodin reference material from the extract of Gastrodia elata. The qualitative analysis of gastrodin was identified by UV, IR, MS and NMR spectrum. The inspection of uniformity, stability and value measurement of 8 qualified laboratories was carried out by HPLC combined with area normalization. The results showed the uniformity of this reference material is good. The material is stable in 2 years under 0~4 ℃ storage conditions. The purity of this material is 99.7% with the expanded uncertainty of 0.6% (k=2) in the confidence interval of 95%. The reference material meets the technical requirements for the development of domestic reference materials. It can provide assurance for the accuracy, comparability and traceability of the analytical results of Gastrodia elata and its related products.

Preparation and hepatoprotective effect of selenium chelated by corn peptide

LIU Xiao-mei, LI Yuan-yuan, WANG Sheng-guang, MA Qing-lin, JIANG Shan, GAO Peng

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  29-37.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.005

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In this paper, the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn peptide, the chelating process of corn peptide with selenium and the protective effect of corn peptide chelate selenium on liver were studied. The enzymatic hydrolysis of corn peptide and the preparation of selenium chelate of corn peptide were investigated by single factor orthogonal test and response surface method. The liver injury model of carbon tetrachloride was established in mice to investigate the protective effect of corn peptide on liver before and after chelation. The hydrolysis degree of corn protein was 38.15% when the concentration of corn protein was 10%, 3% pineapple protease was added and 2% trypsase was added. Under the conditions of 80 ℃, at pH 8.05 and the molar ratio of corn peptide to selenium is 2:1, the chelating rate of corn peptide and selenium is the highest (49.08%). In the study of hepatoprotective effect, the liver protection effect was significant when the dosage of selenium chelated by corn peptide was 200 mg/kg.

Agricultural Microbiology

Effects of compound fertilizer partly replaced by compound microbial fertilizer on growth of peanut, microorganism and physicochemical properties in rhizosphere soil

SONG Yi-ling, MA Xue-wen, YU Jian, LI Qiao-yu, MENG Qing-yu, DING Fang-jun

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  38-45.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.006

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The effects of compound fertilizer replaced by compound microbial fertilizers in different proportions on rhizosphere soil environment and yield of peanut were studied by field experiment. Results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization (100% compound fertilizer), compound fertilizer replaced from 30% to 70% by compound microbial fertilizers, significantly increased the total amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of peanut at seedling and maturity stage, and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere increased gradually with the growth of peanut, while the number of fungi showed the opposite tendency. Meanwhile the activities of soil catalase, dehydrogenase, neutral phosphatase and sucrase at seedling stage were significantly increased, while the activities of soil urease were decreased at 50% and 70% substitution levels. However, the activities of soil urease and sucrase were decreased, while dehydrogenase was increased at maturity stage by different substitution ratios. The content of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased, but the total nitrogen content increased at seedling and pod stage, meanwhile，soil organic matter and soil available potassium increased at each growth stage, and soil available phosphorus concentration at pod and mature stage. When the substitution amount was 50%, the yield was increased by 5.23%, consequently realizing the effect of increasing yield by enriched soil.

Effects of Trichoderma seed dressing agent on the diversity of fungal community in wheat rhizosphere soil

HU Jin-dong, WU Yuan-zheng, WEI Yan-li, LI Hong-mei, XIN Xiang-qi, YANG Kai, LI Ji-shun

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  46-51.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.007

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The species richness, diversity and composition of fungal community in wheat rhizosphere soil at different developmental stages with Trichoderma LTR-2 seed dressing agent were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. The results demonstrated that Trichoderma treatment of wheat seed increased the species richness of fungal community in the rhizosphere, and the community dominance increased significantly, while no obvious changes in the community uniformity were observed. In addition, the community composition was found similar with and without Trichoderma treatment. However, the proportion of various fungal groups in the rhizosphere changed significantly with Trichoderma treatment, among which Alternaria spp., Gibberella spp., and Fusarium spp. were decreased compared to non-seed dressing treatment. All the results provide a theoretical basis for better understanding the biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma sp. LTR-2 against wheat soil-borne diseases.

Optimization of fermentation medium for efficient atrazine-degrading strain DnL1-1

LI Hong-mei, WEI Yan-li, HU Jin-dong, YANG Kai, LIU Bao-jun, YANG He-tong, BAZHANAU Dzmitry, LI Ji-shun

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  52-56.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.008

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In order to improve the biomass of Arthrobacter ureafaciens DnL1-1, the fermentation medium of the strain DnL1-1 was optimized by single factor screening and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the best formula should be: glucose 15.0 g/L,peptone 7.5 g/L,yeast extract 0.50 g/L,K₂HPO₄ 2.0 g/L,KH₂PO₄ 1.0 g/L,CaCl₂ 0.15 g/L,MgSO₄ 0.15 g/L.Thus the strain can produce about 2.89×10¹⁰ cells in 1 mL of the culture medium under the condition of 1% inoculum, with shaking of 180 r /min at 28 ℃ for 36 hours.

New Materials

Application of Nb in the modern ferritic stainless steel

XIA Dian-xiu

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  57-67.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.009

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Nb element is more and more used in ferritic stainless steel to improve its properties. The latest research advances on the influence of Nb on the strength, toughness, corrosion resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance of ferritic stainless steels were reviewed in this paper, as well as the application status quo of Nb ferritic stainless steels in automobile, building, household appliances and other fields. The main problems in the research and development of Nb-containing high performance ferritic stainless steel in China were analyzed. It is considered that in the future, high-end equipment manufacturing materials such as new supercritical temperature Nb-containing heat-resistant stainless steel should be studied to promote the development and production of Nb-containing high-performance ferritic stainless steel and improve the variety structure of stainless steel in China.

Research on the improvement of hydrophilicity by expanded graphite loaded titanium dioxide

TENG Dong-xiao, CHEN Wen-liang, MA Yuan, SU Ying-xue, NA Ping

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  68-75.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.010

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The expanded graphite coated with nano-TiO₂ particles was prepared from expandable graphite as raw material. The micro-morphology, contact angle, pore size distribution, pore volume and adsorption capacity were analyzed and characterized. The process of titanium dioxide supported on expanded graphite was optimized. The hydrophilicity of the prepared expanded graphite was the best when the loading temperature was 50 degrees Celsius, the titanium pillared liquid volume fraction was 10%, and the reaction time was 6 h. With the introduction of titanium dioxide, the contact angle of expanded graphite was reduced from 93.0°to about 69.6°, and the hydrophilic property was improved. The adsorption capacity of benzene homologues which was dissolved or suspended in water was enhanced.

Tranfic and Transportation

Travel cost of private car in big cities considering traffic congestion

GU Tao, LIU Ze, LIU Yue-jun, ZHOU Ling

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  76-82.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.011

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The purpose of this study was to set up a model to estimate the travel cost of private car in big cities considering traffic congestion. Furthermore, taking Beijing as an example, the dynamic change of travel cost with speed caused by traffic congestion in Beijing was estimated. The results indicate that the total travel cost and the proportion of external cost increase with the decrease of road network speed. When the speed of road network is 35 km/h, there is no congestion, the average travel cost of private cars in Beijing is 7.42 CNY/（veh·km）, of which the proportion of external cost accounts for about 1/3 of the total cost; However, when the velocity of road reduces to 25 km/h, traffic congestion appears, the average travel cost increases to 11.86 CNY/（veh·km）, and the proportion of external cost is nearly 1/2.

Mechanism study on the interference between pedestrians and vehiclesat unsignalized mid-block crosswalks based on cellular automata

CHENG Jian-hui, LI De-wei

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  83-92.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.012

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In order to simulate the mechanism of interference between pedestrians and vehicles more accurately,a pedestrian-vehicle interference model based on cellular automata was proposed in consideration of pedestrian in waiting areas.The interference model consisting of vehicle yielding model,pedestrian crossing decision model and motion model was presented.The model not only considered the pedestrian's active decision-making behavior,but also considered the yielding behavior of the vehicle,focusing on the pedestrians' influence on the yielding behavior of vehicle at the crosswalk waiting area.The simulation results show that the travel time of the vehicle decreases with the increase of the speed limit of the vehicle,and gradually tends to be flat.The saturation flow of a vehicle decreases as the pedestrian arrival rate increases.The delay of vehicle tends to flatten gradually from linear increase as the number of people in the waiting area increases.

Gap acceptance model for right-turn vehicles considering the effect of crossing pedestrians

WANG Shu-qi, WEI Li-ying

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  93-101.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.013

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Through field investigation data, the critical gap of vehicles to pedestrians was calculated in this paper, finding that the cumulative Weibull distribution could be used to fit the critical gap of right-turning vehicles. The binary logistic regression model was used to establish gap acceptance model. The results show that when the gap is larger, and the pedestrian flow is lower, drivers are more likely to accept the gap, and they tend to accept the gap easily when the crossing pedestrian is alone. Drivers are more cautious about short time intervals and tend to accept shorter time lags. The study on the gap acceptance behavior of right-turn drivers to pedestrians crossing the street can not only lay the foundation for the safety assessment of the intersection, but also can be used to analyze the delay and traffic capacity of the intersections.

A site location method of customized business bus based on passenger demand data

SUN Yue, SONG Rui, QIU Guo

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  102-112.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.014

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Based on the traditional algorithm of density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), this paper determined the grouping effect by measuring cluster refinement service index. For groups with unsatisfactory clustering effect, the clustering parameters represented by scanning radius and minimum points were updated automatically according to their data characteristics, and then iterative clustering was carried out until the clustering effect was up to standard. At the same time, the DBSCAN algorithm was combined with the idea of node importance, which enabled it to output alternative sites. The results show that the improved DBSCAN algorithm can give the proper grouping according to the data characteristics, and the scanning radius and the minimum points parameters can be better adapted to the grouping situation, and the alternative nodes can effectively match the traffic resources around them.

Other Research Article

Equilibrium analysis of three-party game model for disaster relief

MA Na

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  113-117.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.015

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Based on the characteristics of emergency response and disaster relief for regional catastrophes, the three-party game model of central government, local government and disaster victims was set up. First, through the analysis of the interaction factors among the three parties, the probability function of disaster relief success was established, and the actual benefits of the success and failure of the disaster relief were obtained. Secondly, the participants' decision- making model was established through the analysis of the expected return after the success of the three-party disaster relief. The analysis results show that when the expected benefits of disaster relief of central government, local government and disaster victims were the largest, the input cost of three-party disaster relief was in equilibrium, and the optimal equilibrium solution could be obtained.

Congruence on strongly U--abundant semigroups

HAN Xue-mei, LI Gang

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  118-123.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.016

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We introduced congruence on strongly U--abundant semigroups and gave three biggest congruences contained in ,, respectively. Many equivalent relations were given by these three congruences. We characterized some properties of strongly U--abundant semigroups in term of idempotent semilattice U as well.

New record of Buxbaumiales (Bryophyte) in Shandong Province

LI Ming, REN Zhao-jie, ZHOU Shu-nuo, YANG Xiao-yan, WU Xiao-ming, JIANG Ming-yuan, FENG Lei, GAO Yan

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  124-126.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.017

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Based on identifications of the bryophyte specimens collected from Mt. Kunyu, the distribution of the moss order Buxbaumiales and the species Diphyscium lorifolium (Cardot) Magombo in Shandong Province was first discovered and reported. The morphological characteristics of D. lorifolium were also described in detail. Previously, this species was only known to be distributed in Liaoning Province and Jilin Province, which was listed in the first red list of endangered bryophytes in China.

Research progress on tar removal technology in biomass gasification process

JIANG Jian-guo, ZHANG Wei-jie, SUN Rong-feng, GUAN Hai-bin, XU Min

Shandong Science. 2019, 32(1):  127-134.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2019.01.018

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Recent domestic and overseas research progresses in the main tar removal technologies, such as physical removal, thermal chemical removal and plasma removal, in the process of biomass gasification were reviewed. Considering that the main problems to be solved in the current process of biomass gasification are secondary pollution, highly efficient catalyst preparation, and technical economy, high temperature cracking is an effective method to solve these problems and it will be the main direction of future technology development.