Table of Content

20 February 2016 Volume 29 Issue 1

  

Oceanographic Science, Technology and Equipment

Simulation analysis and control of solid oxide fuel cell system

LIU Dongyan, ZHANG Yingying, WU Bingwei, ZHANG Ying, HU yunchuan

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  1-6.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.001

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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system is a nonlinear, multivariable and strong coupling system, so its model is very difficult to be constructed with traditional modeling method. We establish a SOFC system model with BP neural network and MATLAB/Simulink platform.We further increase PID control based on the model and closed loop control system analysis. Experimental results show that the model has high prediction accuracy, and the relative error between temperature data from the model and actual data is 0.011%.The increased PID control algorithm has stronger antiinterference capability.

Delphi and MATLAB mixed programming based wave estimation algorithm

ZHENG Wei, WANG Zhi, RAN Xiangtao, HUI Li, LIU Min, YANG Li

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  7-13.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.002

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In view of low efficiency and implementation difficulty of Delphi 7 based wave estimation algorithm, we realize wave estimation capability of upper computer software with Delphi 7 and MATLAB 7.0 mixed programming.The method is simple and has short development period.We also compare calculation result between uppercomputer software and Nortek company commercial software Quickwave. Results show that wave estimation result of uppercomputer software is accurate.The presented mixed programming method can effectively estimate wave functionality of uppercomputer software.

Traditional Chinese medicine and natural active products

Preparation of the certified reference material of Echinacoside

WANG Tingting, ZHAO Min,WANG Daijie, ZHENG Yuanyuan,REN Hanshu, GENG Yanling

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  14-20.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.003

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We presented preparation technique of the certified reference material for Echinacoside. We employed column chromatography and highspeed countercurrent chromatography to separate and prepare Echinacoside, and MS, UV, IR and NMR to elucidate its chemical structure. We also checked its homogeneity and stability. It was then cooperatively certified through eight domestic qualified laboratories. Results show that it has certified value of 99.15%, expanded uncertainty of 0.66% (corresponding to confidence coefficient of 95%). This demonstrates that it conforms with technical requirements on a certified reference material, so it can be applied to Echinacoside detection and analysis and test and quality control of relative products.

Biological identification and chemical constituents analysis of invasive plant Erigeron philadelphicus L.

WANG Hui, ZHAO Rui, HUANG Lujun, ZHANG Shiyao, WANG Qi, XU Lingchuan

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  21-24.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.004

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We use origin identification, microscope identification, molecule identification, UV and HPLC to preliminarily analyze chemical constituents of the alien invasive plant Erigeron philadelphicus L. We also compare pollen grain and DNA sequence between Erigeron philadelphicus L. and its similar plant Erigeron annuus(L.) Pers.Results show that predominant microscopic characters of  E. Philadelphicus L. powder are pollen grain, infinitive stomata, multicell nonglandular hairs,pappus,vessel, etc. Form distinction of their pollen grains is significant.The difference of their DNA sequence is obvious. Total flavonoids content of Erigeron philadelphicus L. is 0.59% and we do not find its breviscapine.

Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers of dencichine and their recognition property

XIE Hongkai,GAO Qianshan, GENG Yanling, WANG Xiao, JI Wenhua

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  25-32.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.005

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We employed molecularly imprinted technology to prepare dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) with high selectivity and affinity to dencichine with glycylDLleucine (GL) as a dummy template and DMSO as porefoaming agent. Absorption isotherm experiment show that DMIPs have higher absorption capability to dencichine, as compared with nonimprinted polymers (NIPs). In absorption kinetics experiment, DMIPs can rapidly absorb dencichine,attaining 91.6% of the maximum absorbing capacity with only 15 minutes. In selection experiment, DMIPs have better selective recognition capability to different analogues of dencichine, but NIPs do not have. This shows that DMIPs have extraction and separation potency to dencichine from aqueous solution as highly selective material.

New Materials

Friction and wear research of artificial hip joint with microarc oxidation WE43 magnesium alloy

GAO Wen, WANG Shouren, ZHOU Jixue, QIAO Yang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  33-38.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.006

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We performed microarc oxidation for artificial hip joints with WE43 magnesium alloy in sodium silicate system. We employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the microstructure of microarc oxidation coating and then conducted friction and wear test to investigate its wear mechanism.Results show that uniform and dense oxidation coating can be acquired after microarc oxidation.The coating has a certain friction reduction and anticyclic fatigue capabilities, so its antiwear effect is better.The wear mechanism of microarc oxidation of WE43 magnesium alloy is only abrasive wear for light and medium loads. However,spalling wear and abrasive wear coexist for heavy loads.

Impact of Mg on microstructure and properties of extruded high aluminum zinc alloy

WANG Long, TIAN Changwen, WANG Guiqing，LIU Yunteng，ZHANG Xinen

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  39-44.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.007

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We addressed the impact of magnesium element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded high aluminum zinc alloy. Results show that tensile strength of alloy increases from 366 MPa to 467 MPa for 0.015% Mg addition, as compared with none Mg alloy. Its brinell hardness increases from HB91 to HB114 and extension rate decreases from 43.6% to 27%.For solution treatment of 320 ℃×2 h water quenching,its tensile strength increases from 389 MPa to 488 MPa, its brinell hardness increases from HB107 to HB139 and extension rate decreases from 41% to 28.3%. Mg element can affect transformation of supersaturated β phase and morphology of decomposition product, and hinder alloy eutectoid decomposition and dissolution precipitation at room temperature.

Impact of molding and sintering process on wear resistance of high purity alumina ceramic balls

ZHAO Baoling,CHEN Lizong,LI Enxia,DAI Jinshan,TIAN Qingbo

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  45-49.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.008

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We employed materialaggomerating granulation method to prepare good form ball billets and pressureless sintering approach to make high purity alumina ceramic balls to address the impact of molding and sintering process on wear resistance of high purity alumina ceramic balls. Results indicate that rotating speed and time of a ball forming mill have great influence on size distribution of high purity alumina ceramic balls. With the increase of sintering temperature and time, their mass density gradually increases, but their wear rate gradually decreases. Their mass density and wear rate are respectively 3.15 g/cm3and 0.63% at 1 500℃ and for 210 minutes.

Biomass Energy

Advances on influential factors of biogas anaerobic digestion progress

ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Xiaodong,XIAO Lin,LI Yan, HUA Dongliang,XU Haipeng,MU Hui,JIN Fuqiang,ZHAO Yuxiao,LIANG Xiaohui

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  50-55.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.009

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Biogas anaerobic digestion (AD) process involves in synergy of complicated microorganism communities in anaerobic condition. Factors variation of the AD process may cause the variation of community composition, which may further affect stability and efficiency of a fermentation system. We address the factors affecting stability and efficiency of biogas AD process, including fermentation temperature,pH value,C/N ratio,OLR and retention time, macronutrients and trace elements.Mixed raw materials in AD process can compensate nutrient deficiency of single raw material and the impact of specific component accumulation on AD process stability. For temperature selection of AD process, if input and output energy ratio is fully considered, economy of AD process can be guaranteed.

GC-MS analysis of main chemical components for biooil from three different biomass materials

LI Yanmei，BAI Xueyuan，YI Weiming

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  56-61.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.010

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We perform pyrolysis experiments on a fixed bed reactor at 400, 450, 500 and 550 ℃ with corn straw, wheat straw and cotton straw as raw materials. We then obtain three biomassfastpyrolysis biooils. 500 ℃ is the optimal temperature for obtaining the highest average biooil yield. We further employ Gas ChromatographMass Spectrometercomputer (GC-MS）to determine their main chemical components and mass content at 500 ℃. Experimental results show that the kind of biomass materials has significant impact on biooil chemical components and contents. Biooil from every raw material has its own unique chemical compounds whose contents are also different. However, major components are approximately identical. Ketones are rich in biooil from corn stalk, and acids next. While acid is rich in biooil from wheat straw and cotton stalk, and ketones next.

Tranfic and Transportation

Analysis of waiting endurance behavior for pedestrians and bicyclists at signal intersections

LIU Yanting, YANG Xiaobao, PAN Li, SI Bingfeng

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  62-68.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.011

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We compared the difference of waiting endurance time distribution and its influential factors for pedestrians and bicyclists with survivor analysis methods to explore the distinction between crossing behavior of pedestrians and bicyclists at signal intersections. We obtained 1595 behavior data of pedestrians and bicyclists by coding videos at Beijing seven typical signal intersections. We further employed product limit method and Cox proportional hazard model to compare the difference of waiting endurance time distribution and that of influential factors of waiting behavior of pedestrians and bicyclists. Results indicate that no significant difference exists in their waiting time distributions. However, some significant differences exist in the influential factors of their waiting endurance behavior and influential extent. Bicyclists are more sensitive to waiting positions and traffic law violator numbers upon their arrival, while pedestrians are more sensitive to waiting people numbers and vehicle volume upon their arrival.

Application effect analysis of threeunit articulated railcar for special car shipping

LI Yunfeng,ZHAO Peng,HAN Xuelei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  69-75.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.012

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We present technical parameters and characteristics of a threeunitarticulated railcar for special car shipping and compare them with those of SQ5 and SQ6 auto rack car. We further calculate and analyze loading effect of threeunitarticulated railcar for the shipping of different lengths of cars.We eventually perform qualitative and quantitative analysis from its effective utilization rate, saving of marshalling trains and income. Results indicate that the threeunitarticulated railcar can achieve better practical application effect, which provides decision support for the popularization and application of threeunitarticulated railcar.

Optimality analysis of renting-buying balance online strategy for decrease of price and rent

CHENG Lingyan, HE Shiwei

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  76-82.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.013

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We prove that buying strategy should be applied only if realtime price equals to accumulated rent amount to obtain approximately optimal online strategy with the smallest competitive ratio whose upperbound is 2 under the decrease of purchase price and rent with time and indefinite decision time.We analyze serial relationship between different market crushing time and equipment buying time and quantitative relationship between purchase price and accumulated rent for such two cases as constant price and rent and general situation. Our conclusion will provide a theoretical reference for the application of rentingbuying balance strategy in practical rent-buy decision.

Other Research Article

Harmonic index of tree and unicyclic graphs

Wang Xiao

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  83-86.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.014

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We obtain two lemmas for harmonic index of graphs through the transforms changing leaf numbers.We further prove the sharp bounds for harmonic index of tree and unicyclic graphs with fixed order.We also present the corresponding extremal graphs.

Research advances of ionic liquid microemulsion

SHANG Shuchuan,HOU Ning，CHAI Jinling

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  87-92.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.015

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We survey the phase behavior and related applications of such microemulsion systems as ionic liquid / oil / surfactant, ionic liquid / ionic liquid / surfactant and ionic liquid / water / surfactant. We address the impact of water, temperature and other influential factors on ionic liquid microemulsion. The type of ionic liquid is various, and comprehensive study on various types of ionic liquid microemulsion is quite scarce.Further study lacks in the properties of microemulsion aggregates.We estimate that ionic liquid microemulsion will develop in new systems exploitation, intensification of aggregate properties and its applications.

Chinese new record Trichoderma capillare and its functional assessment

CHEN Kai, LI Jishun, ZHANG Guangzhi, WANG Yilian, ZHAO Xiaoyan，WU Xiaoqing,HU Jindong, YANG Hetong

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  93-97.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.016

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Trichoderma strain TW22166 was isolated from soil samples of Dongting Lake mudflat wetland of Hunan province, China. Its conidiophores had a strongly developed central axis from which phialides arise singly over several levels below the tip a single phialide terminating a basal cell with a short, spurlike phialide arising as an outgrowth of the basal cell at the septum. Through detecting molecular markers (ITS,tef1 and rpb2), we discovered that its homology with Trichoderma capillare was more than 99% by NCBI. In rpb2 sequences based phylogenetic tree, strain TW22166 and Trichoderma capillare strain GJS 0666 ［JN175530.1］ were on one identical branch.Strain TW22166 exhibited antifungal capability against 9 plant pathogenic fungi on PDA plate, and its inhibition ratio against Fusarium oxysporum was up to 100.0%. It had proteinase, chitinase and cellulase activity, among which proteinase activity was higher and its hydrolyzation radius was 16.0 mm.Strain TW22166 was identified as Trichoderma capillare,a Chinese new record of genus Trichoderma which was a potential biological prevention and control strain.

Impact of different N, P, K application  rates on apple container seedling growth

HANG Ruiqing, SUN Xiao,YANG Jianchao,SUN Qingtian,SUN Yanxia, JIANG Zhongwu

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  98-104.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.017

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We addressed the optimal N, P and K application rates to gain the maximum biomass accumulation of apple container seedlings by comparison of growth distinctions of their different application rates. We also designed 24 different combinations of N, P and K nutrients treatment with three factors five levels quadratic orthogonal rotation design with oneyear living apple container seedlings as experimental subjects.Results show that different N, P and K application rates have significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01) effects on the growth characters of apple container seedlings. We constructed a regressive model between N, P and K application rates and biomass accumulation of apple container seedlings with SPSS19.0 as a statistical analysis tool. Analysis results demonstrate that N, P and K application rates all have positive effects on the biomass accumulation of apple container seedlings with an order of x_N>x_K>x_P.However, the interactions among N,P,K application rates all display negative effects by an order of x_Nx_K>x_Nx_P>x_Px_K.Application rate of N has positive effect, but the interactions between N and K application rate and excessive application of P and K cause negative effects on the growth of apple container seedlings. Optimal application rate of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O are respectively 43.33 mg/L,28.28 mg/L and 93.94 mg/L,based on which the total biomass of apple container seedlings can attain the theoretical maximum of 94.334 g/plant.

Application advances of Glutathione in aquaculture

eYAO Chenyang，LIU Jing*，ZHANG Qimei，GAO Qiao，ZHANG Chengguo，LIU Qiaoning

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  105-109.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.018

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Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide with sulphur, which widely exists in organism tissues.As a good antioxidant, antidote and immune enhancer, it has important application value in aquaculture. Its research provides theoretical basis for the development of aquaculture new fertilizer. It therefore has important theoretical significance and practical application value. We survey its research advances on growth, antioxidant and detoxification of aquaculture animals.

PMV index based design of indoor thermal environment comfort controller

FENG Xin, DUAN Peiyong, DUAN Chenxu

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  110-115.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.019

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In view of the issue of lacking reasonable control method in indoor thermal environment regulation, we design an indoor thermal comfort controller based on analysis of the influence of air temperature, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature and air velocity on PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) index, human body comfort model based fuzzy control, embedded chip ARM9 and wireless sensor networks. We also present its system composition and decision method. The controller not only is convenient to be deployed, but also can reduce energy consumption caused by indoor thermal environment regulation based on guaranteeing human body comfort index.

SK-PLC based special control system for highspeed filling line

WANG Maoli, HAO Huijuan,ZHAO Xue，SUN Xiang

SHANDONG SCIENCE. 2016, 29(1):  116-120.  doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2016.01.020

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For the requirement of food safety, traceability and regulation, we design a special control system for highspeed filling line with a OmniView based video detection system. It is developed based on SKPLC and WINCE Qt 4.7.3, and has such special functionalities as quality inspection for appearance, removing of bad products, checking for production date, bar code & two dimensional code,and batch code. We merge filling and detection. It has been applied in largecapacity aseptic carton filling machine, and satisfies highspeed requirement of filling line. It is stable and reliable, and improves the quality of filling products.It can also provide evidence for the whole traceable process.