An experimental comparison device for dissolved oxygen determination has been built in the laboratory to explore the difference between optical method and classical Winkler titration under different temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration conditions. The results show that the correlation between optical sensors and classical Winkler titration is good with correlation coefficient higher than 0.998 at different temperatures. Dissolved oxygen measured by optical sensors is slightly lower than that of classical Winkler titration in the concentration of dissolved oxygen lower than 4 mg·L^-1. The difference values between optical sensors and classical Winkler titration are mainly concentrated in -0.25~0.25 mg·L^-1 when the concentration of dissolved oxygen is higher than 4 mg·L^-1. The results measured by two kinds of optical sensors are close, and the difference is less than 0.10 mg·L^-1. This result proves that optical sensor is a reliable method for detecting dissolved oxygen, which can be applied to marine survey and conventional on-line monitoring in aquaculture areas.

According to the measurement principle of the ocean current signal sensor, the technical scheme of the acquisition amplifier circuit was proposed. Aiming at the characteristics of large noise of the collected signal, the weak signal of the ocean current electric field was filtered and extracted, realizing the compensation amplification of the in-phase component of the signal. To a certain extent, it overcame the strong interference of the induced electric field caused by the sensor when it sank, and improved the accuracy of circuit measurement. At the same time, the principle of multi-stage amplification was adopted to amplify the weak signal to the observable range of the instrument. It is verified by Multisim simulation software that the acquisition amplifier circuit meets the design requirements and amplifies the signal to 105~106 times while ensuring the quality of the signal.

The Gastrodiae Rhizoma was dried by sun-drying, drying at different temperatures, microwave drying and freeze-drying, and the content of the multi-indicative component was determined by HPLC. An analytical method for simultaneous detection of multi-indicator components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma was established, and the effects of different drying methods on appearance and multi-indicator content of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were investigated. Gastrodin,p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and Barryntoside A as the main index, and just considering on the temperature factor, 80 ℃ was the best drying method; Adenosine content as the main indicator, the sun drying was the best way; Using hydroxybenzaldehyde as the main index, there is little difference in sample content between sun-drying and microwave-drying, and the content of freeze-drying method is the lowest. Through the establishment of simultaneous detection methods for multi-index components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, different post-harvest drying methods can be selected according to actual needs. By comparing the appearance and the change of the index component content, the drying effect at 60 ℃ is better for Gastrodiae Rhizoma.

In this paper we discussed the development method of gastrodin reference material from the extract of Gastrodia elata. The qualitative analysis of gastrodin was identified by UV, IR, MS and NMR spectrum. The inspection of uniformity, stability and value measurement of 8 qualified laboratories was carried out by HPLC combined with area normalization. The results showed the uniformity of this reference material is good. The material is stable in 2 years under 0~4 ℃ storage conditions. The purity of this material is 99.7% with the expanded uncertainty of 0.6% (k=2) in the confidence interval of 95%. The reference material meets the technical requirements for the development of domestic reference materials. It can provide assurance for the accuracy, comparability and traceability of the analytical results of Gastrodia elata and its related products.

In this paper, the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn peptide, the chelating process of corn peptide with selenium and the protective effect of corn peptide chelate selenium on liver were studied. The enzymatic hydrolysis of corn peptide and the preparation of selenium chelate of corn peptide were investigated by single factor orthogonal test and response surface method. The liver injury model of carbon tetrachloride was established in mice to investigate the protective effect of corn peptide on liver before and after chelation. The hydrolysis degree of corn protein was 38.15% when the concentration of corn protein was 10%, 3% pineapple protease was added and 2% trypsase was added. Under the conditions of 80 ℃, at pH 8.05 and the molar ratio of corn peptide to selenium is 2:1, the chelating rate of corn peptide and selenium is the highest (49.08%). In the study of hepatoprotective effect, the liver protection effect was significant when the dosage of selenium chelated by corn peptide was 200 mg/kg.

The effects of compound fertilizer replaced by compound microbial fertilizers in different proportions on rhizosphere soil environment and yield of peanut were studied by field experiment. Results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization (100% compound fertilizer), compound fertilizer replaced from 30% to 70% by compound microbial fertilizers, significantly increased the total amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of peanut at seedling and maturity stage, and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere increased gradually with the growth of peanut, while the number of fungi showed the opposite tendency. Meanwhile the activities of soil catalase, dehydrogenase, neutral phosphatase and sucrase at seedling stage were significantly increased, while the activities of soil urease were decreased at 50% and 70% substitution levels. However, the activities of soil urease and sucrase were decreased, while dehydrogenase was increased at maturity stage by different substitution ratios. The content of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased, but the total nitrogen content increased at seedling and pod stage, meanwhile，soil organic matter and soil available potassium increased at each growth stage, and soil available phosphorus concentration at pod and mature stage. When the substitution amount was 50%, the yield was increased by 5.23%, consequently realizing the effect of increasing yield by enriched soil.

The species richness, diversity and composition of fungal community in wheat rhizosphere soil at different developmental stages with Trichoderma LTR-2 seed dressing agent were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. The results demonstrated that Trichoderma treatment of wheat seed increased the species richness of fungal community in the rhizosphere, and the community dominance increased significantly, while no obvious changes in the community uniformity were observed. In addition, the community composition was found similar with and without Trichoderma treatment. However, the proportion of various fungal groups in the rhizosphere changed significantly with Trichoderma treatment, among which Alternaria spp., Gibberella spp., and Fusarium spp. were decreased compared to non-seed dressing treatment. All the results provide a theoretical basis for better understanding the biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma sp. LTR-2 against wheat soil-borne diseases.

In order to improve the biomass of Arthrobacter ureafaciens DnL1-1, the fermentation medium of the strain DnL1-1 was optimized by single factor screening and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the best formula should be: glucose 15.0 g/L,peptone 7.5 g/L,yeast extract 0.50 g/L,K₂HPO₄ 2.0 g/L,KH₂PO₄ 1.0 g/L,CaCl₂ 0.15 g/L,MgSO₄ 0.15 g/L.Thus the strain can produce about 2.89×10¹⁰ cells in 1 mL of the culture medium under the condition of 1% inoculum, with shaking of 180 r /min at 28 ℃ for 36 hours.

Nb element is more and more used in ferritic stainless steel to improve its properties. The latest research advances on the influence of Nb on the strength, toughness, corrosion resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance of ferritic stainless steels were reviewed in this paper, as well as the application status quo of Nb ferritic stainless steels in automobile, building, household appliances and other fields. The main problems in the research and development of Nb-containing high performance ferritic stainless steel in China were analyzed. It is considered that in the future, high-end equipment manufacturing materials such as new supercritical temperature Nb-containing heat-resistant stainless steel should be studied to promote the development and production of Nb-containing high-performance ferritic stainless steel and improve the variety structure of stainless steel in China.

The expanded graphite coated with nano-TiO₂ particles was prepared from expandable graphite as raw material. The micro-morphology, contact angle, pore size distribution, pore volume and adsorption capacity were analyzed and characterized. The process of titanium dioxide supported on expanded graphite was optimized. The hydrophilicity of the prepared expanded graphite was the best when the loading temperature was 50 degrees Celsius, the titanium pillared liquid volume fraction was 10%, and the reaction time was 6 h. With the introduction of titanium dioxide, the contact angle of expanded graphite was reduced from 93.0°to about 69.6°, and the hydrophilic property was improved. The adsorption capacity of benzene homologues which was dissolved or suspended in water was enhanced.

The purpose of this study was to set up a model to estimate the travel cost of private car in big cities considering traffic congestion. Furthermore, taking Beijing as an example, the dynamic change of travel cost with speed caused by traffic congestion in Beijing was estimated. The results indicate that the total travel cost and the proportion of external cost increase with the decrease of road network speed. When the speed of road network is 35 km/h, there is no congestion, the average travel cost of private cars in Beijing is 7.42 CNY/（veh·km）, of which the proportion of external cost accounts for about 1/3 of the total cost; However, when the velocity of road reduces to 25 km/h, traffic congestion appears, the average travel cost increases to 11.86 CNY/（veh·km）, and the proportion of external cost is nearly 1/2.

In order to simulate the mechanism of interference between pedestrians and vehicles more accurately,a pedestrian-vehicle interference model based on cellular automata was proposed in consideration of pedestrian in waiting areas.The interference model consisting of vehicle yielding model,pedestrian crossing decision model and motion model was presented.The model not only considered the pedestrian's active decision-making behavior,but also considered the yielding behavior of the vehicle,focusing on the pedestrians' influence on the yielding behavior of vehicle at the crosswalk waiting area.The simulation results show that the travel time of the vehicle decreases with the increase of the speed limit of the vehicle,and gradually tends to be flat.The saturation flow of a vehicle decreases as the pedestrian arrival rate increases.The delay of vehicle tends to flatten gradually from linear increase as the number of people in the waiting area increases.

Through field investigation data, the critical gap of vehicles to pedestrians was calculated in this paper, finding that the cumulative Weibull distribution could be used to fit the critical gap of right-turning vehicles. The binary logistic regression model was used to establish gap acceptance model. The results show that when the gap is larger, and the pedestrian flow is lower, drivers are more likely to accept the gap, and they tend to accept the gap easily when the crossing pedestrian is alone. Drivers are more cautious about short time intervals and tend to accept shorter time lags. The study on the gap acceptance behavior of right-turn drivers to pedestrians crossing the street can not only lay the foundation for the safety assessment of the intersection, but also can be used to analyze the delay and traffic capacity of the intersections.

Based on the traditional algorithm of density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), this paper determined the grouping effect by measuring cluster refinement service index. For groups with unsatisfactory clustering effect, the clustering parameters represented by scanning radius and minimum points were updated automatically according to their data characteristics, and then iterative clustering was carried out until the clustering effect was up to standard. At the same time, the DBSCAN algorithm was combined with the idea of node importance, which enabled it to output alternative sites. The results show that the improved DBSCAN algorithm can give the proper grouping according to the data characteristics, and the scanning radius and the minimum points parameters can be better adapted to the grouping situation, and the alternative nodes can effectively match the traffic resources around them.

Based on the characteristics of emergency response and disaster relief for regional catastrophes, the three-party game model of central government, local government and disaster victims was set up. First, through the analysis of the interaction factors among the three parties, the probability function of disaster relief success was established, and the actual benefits of the success and failure of the disaster relief were obtained. Secondly, the participants' decision- making model was established through the analysis of the expected return after the success of the three-party disaster relief. The analysis results show that when the expected benefits of disaster relief of central government, local government and disaster victims were the largest, the input cost of three-party disaster relief was in equilibrium, and the optimal equilibrium solution could be obtained.

We introduced congruence on strongly U--abundant semigroups and gave three biggest congruences contained in ,, respectively. Many equivalent relations were given by these three congruences. We characterized some properties of strongly U--abundant semigroups in term of idempotent semilattice U as well.

Based on identifications of the bryophyte specimens collected from Mt. Kunyu, the distribution of the moss order Buxbaumiales and the species Diphyscium lorifolium (Cardot) Magombo in Shandong Province was first discovered and reported. The morphological characteristics of D. lorifolium were also described in detail. Previously, this species was only known to be distributed in Liaoning Province and Jilin Province, which was listed in the first red list of endangered bryophytes in China.

Recent domestic and overseas research progresses in the main tar removal technologies, such as physical removal, thermal chemical removal and plasma removal, in the process of biomass gasification were reviewed. Considering that the main problems to be solved in the current process of biomass gasification are secondary pollution, highly efficient catalyst preparation, and technical economy, high temperature cracking is an effective method to solve these problems and it will be the main direction of future technology development.

This paper presented a design scheme of communication function of ship meteorological instrument based on Ethernet technology. Combining S3C2440A and DM9000AE chips, the communication board of ship meteorological instrument was designed. The test results show that the design realizes the Ethernet communication between the ship meteorological instrument and other shipborne equipment, fully meeting the requirements of the ship meteorological instrument for Ethernet communication.

When light is transmitted in water, it is severely attenuated by water absorption and scattering of suspended particles, resulting in low contrast and color distortion of underwater optical image. In this paper, a method of underwater image enhancement based on transmittance optimization and color calibration was proposed. According to the underwater optical imaging model, the transmittance was estimated based on the principle of minimum information loss, and the estimated accuracy of transmittance was improved by combining with guidance filtering. The clear underwater image was obtained by inverse solution of the underwater imaging model. The histogram equalization was utilized to further improve image contrast, and white balance method was used to calibrate color. Experimental results show that this method can effectively remove the blur caused by backscattering, improve the contrast and clarity of the image, and correct the color imbalance.

In order to optimize the preparation technology of inclusion of volatile oil from Asarum by β-cyclodextrin, the inclusion rate of methyleugenol, yield and drug loading rate in volatile oil from Asarum were taken as indicators, the technological conditions of inclusion of β-cyclodextrin were optimized by orthogonal tests, and the content of methyleugenol was determined by HPLC. The results showed the optimum inclusion process was that: volatile oil volume(mL):β-CD quality(g)was 1:6, inclusion temperature was 60 ℃ and inclusion time was 1 h.The inclusion of methyleugenol rate, drug loading rate and inclusion complex yield were 74.64%, 8.72% and 77.23% respectively. The optimized inclusion process was simple, stable and suitable for industrial production.

A method for the determination of paeoniflorin content in Yiganfuzhengqingdu Granules by HPLC was established. HPLC analysis was carried out with Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm) and methanol-0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate(38:62, V/V) as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was 25 ℃,injection volume was 10 μL, the detection wavelength was 230 nm. The results showed that the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.079 1～0.988 0 μg for paeoniflorin (r=0.999 9), the recovery rate was 98.1%~100.6% with RSD 1.02%(n=6). This method is highly specific, sensitive, reproducible and simple, which can be used for quality control of Yiganfuzhengqingdu Granules.

Double-rod shaped pure ZnO and sulfur Introducted ZnO (S-ZnO) samples with twin crystal structure have been synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, and the effects of sulfur doping on the structure, morphology, and fluorescence behavior of resulted samples were systematically studied. XRD results showed that no new phase appeared in S-ZnO samples and the sulfur existed just as the dopant in the samples. Photoluminescence (PL) results at low temperature showed that there was no visible light emission for pure ZnO samples, while strong green light emission peaks appeared for the S-ZnO samples. When PL was measured at room temperature, both samples showed visible emissions: orange light emission (570 nm) for ZnO and green light emission (500 nm) for S-ZnO. Microzone cathodoluminescence (CL) results gave an almost undetectable orange light emission for ZnO samples, but for S-ZnO samples, the green light emission was stronger and its intensity was higher than near-band-gap emission. The results of this study play an important role on further understanding the defects caused by the introduction of sulfur into ZnO and its luminescence mechanism, making a useful and beneficial exploration to enhance the visible light emission characteristics of ZnO.

In order to ensure the normal operation of manned submersible and the divers′ life safety in deep sea environment, the pressureshell of the 4500 m manned submersible was taken as the research object, and the fatigue analysis was carried out based on structural reliability theory and finite element analysis method, the fatigue reliability was calculated based on stressinterference model. The calculation results show that the shell is safe within 4000 service cycles. Considering the influence of stress concentration at the opening of the shell, the fatigue reliability index was reduced from 4.555 2 to 2.034 5, so necessary reinforcement measures should be taken to reduce the stress concentration at the opening position when designing the structure of the pressure submersible shell. This study provides a theoretical reference for structural design and fatigue life estimation of manned submersible pressure shells.

Aiming at the demand of high-precision water pressure measurement in wells, this paper designed a high-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor based on the pressure sensing characteristics of bellows and a cantilever beam-based lever amplification structure. The axial structure of the bellows under pressure is amplified by the lever structure connected by the hinge to the axial strain of the FBG to achieve high-precision measurement of pressure. The mechanical model of the mechanical structure of the sensor is established. The mathematical expression of the wavelength change and pressure of the FBG in the sensor is derived. The pressure sensitivity of the sensor is simulated by the finite element method. The simulated and experimental pressure sensitivities of the sensor are 14.8 pm/kPa and 14.1 pm/kPa, respectively, which are in good agreement. The pressure sensor can accurately measure a certain range of pressure, and by changing the lever arm length parameter, the sensitivity can be changed and the measuring range can be adjusted.

Optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg grating(FBG), Fabry-Perot cavity (FP cavity) and distributed system were discussed here, their application status in nuclear environment was introduced in detail and the influence of nuclear radiation on the sensors were summarized. Among sensors based on FBG written on naked and doped optical fibers, gratings written on pure silicon fibers and fibers doped with some fluorine (F) show the best properties. When it comes to distributed optical fiber sensors, compared with sensors based on Rayleigh scattering, the ones based on Brillouin and Raman scattering can be more radiation resistive to some extent. For FP cavity based optical fiber sensors, they cannot work normally in nuclear radiation environment for their unique structures. At present, the application of optical fiber sensors in nuclear radiation environment is still strictly limited because of the sensitivity of optical fiber to nuclear radiation,for the shift of peak wavelengths and signal attenuation always occur on the radiated fibers, which affect the long-term stability of the fibers.In order to realize the large-scale application of optical fiber sensors in nuclear radiation environment, the future development direction is to develop optical fibers with stronger radiation resistance and find novel calibration and signal processing methods to improve the response accuracy of sensors.

Based on the analysis of railway freight transport process and the influence factors on the process, this paper pointed out the deficiencies of the existing methods of time distribution in each link of freight transport process. A method of railway freight transit responsibilities time division based on big data was put forward, and with the advantage of cloud computing platform in large data processing, the methods and procedures to deal with big data that produced in the railway freight transit were also designed. The concept and calculation method of freight transport responsibility time and responsibility guarantee rate were proposed in order to realize dynamic assessment and evaluation of the efficiency of all links in the whole process of freight transportation. Finally, a case study was carried out based on the actual data of Beijing—Guangzhou line, between Hengyang North station and Dalang station, and by comparing with the traditional calculation method, the applicability and application prospect of the proposed method were verified.

Eco-driving is a series of driving measures that can achieve the effect of fuel-efficiency improvement and emission reduction during the driving process. To study the behavioral characteristics of eco-driving, a multi-lane cellular automata model was established to simulate, and the data of a section of freeway in Beijing North Third Ring Road was used as a simulation scenario to calibrate and validate the model. Then, based on this computer simulation model, the effects of car-following driving behavior and lateral driving behavior on traffic operation, energy consumption and exhaust emission were revealed. The eco-driving behavior criterion was established and then, the eco-driving behavior characteristics were predicted. It is found that slow acceleration, maintaining the stability of the vehicle speed, keeping the vehicle speed at a reasonable interval and maintaining a large safety distance are the characteristics of eco-driving behaviors in line with Chinese road characteristics.

Stated preference(SP) survey has been conducted to explore the factors which are more passengers′ concerns when choosing traffic modes. With the comparative analysis of the multinomial logit(MNL) model and nest logit(NL) model, the NL model was selected due to its better performance on mode choice modeling. Taking Beijing as a case, the reliability of the model was verified. The impacts of the changes of bus and subway fares on passengers′ choice of transportation modes were studied respectively by using the proposed NL model. The results show that with the increase of bus fares, the regular bus travelers will transfer to private cars for trip within the range of 0~10 km, while those above 10 km will choose subway travel. Besides, with the increase of subway fares, the share rate of subway travel mode is obviously reduced, and thus leads to the decrease of public transport share rate. By exploring the influence of the changes of public transportation fares on passengers′ choice of travel modes, this paper provides reasonable suggestions for the adjustment of public transportation fares in Beijing.

Taking Summer Palace of Beijing as an example, the prospect theory was used to establish a decision-making model for the holiday parking choice. In order to determine the reference points of factors to influence parking choice, the actual survey data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The value function of each factor affecting holiday parking choice decision-making and the probability importance coefficient function of tourists about travel time were built up, and then the prospect value of single influencing factor of parking choice was calculated. The weighting of influencing factors was determined by entropy weight-TOPSIS to get the comprehensive attribute value of the parking choice, so as to make the choice of the parking plan. Based on expected utility theory, ML model was established to study the influencing factors of tourists' parking choice behavior. Finally, comparing the rankings of the calculations based on the model with the actual survey results, it is verified that the prospect theory is suitable for the study of holiday parking choice.

To improve the precision of short term traffic flow prediction, this paper firstly analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and chaos of traffic flow data measured on Beijing Second Ring Road. Then on this basis, the chaos theory method was used to reconstruct the phase space of traffic flow time series, and an improved BP neural network model was proposed by employing the mind evolution algorithm. Finally, the reconstructed time series data were used as model input for traffic flow prediction. The results indicated that compared with the traditional BPNN model, the proposed model could reduce mean square error, mean absolute error and mean average percentage error by 31.11%，20.71% and 37.28% respectively, which proved that the proposed prediction model had more accurate prediction ability.

Using correlation analysis, a flexible evaluation index system for intersection safety under different conditions was established. Based on the data envelopment theory and the model of C²R, a super-efficiency DEA model was established, and by combining the improved K means clustering algorithm (FKM) which had the initial cluster center, an intersection evaluation method was constructed. Taking the 10 intersections in the central district of Xining City as an example for evaluation, the safety indexes and safety grades of each intersection were obtained. The results showed that this method could effectively evaluate the safety of urban intersections; By using super-efficient DEA index clustering, the bias clustering phenomenon was avoided and the existing intersection safety evaluation methods were enriched.

According to the current situation of frequent traffic accidents in highway segments passing through villages, this paper used the object-oriented petri net (OOPN) as the modeling tool, and  based on the existing types and characteristics of traffic interference in highway segments passing through villages, constructed an accident deduction model for traffic safety facilities, which could be used to analyze the impact of various safety facilities on the accident occurrence process in highway segments passing through villages. On the one hand, the model could be used to qualitatively analyze the relationship between the interaction of various parts of facilities and the occurrence of accidents. On the other hand, the model could also be used to calculate the probability of accidents caused by the lack of a certain type of facilities, so as to quantitatively analyze the importance of facilities. The results of the study showed that intersection sign, stop sign, speed limit sign and pedestrian crossing were important signs that should be taken into consideration for the highway segments passing through villages.

In this paper, we studied semirings in which additive semigroups were semilattices, multiplicative semigroups were nil extensions of rectangular groups. From the subsets of semirings, the relations on multiplicative semigroups were constructed. The necessary and sufficient condition for H- to be the congruence relation on semirings (Reg(S),+,·) was obtained. The conditions under which nil extension of a rectangular group could be transformed into nil extension of a rectangular band were given. The property of nil extension of rectangular groups was extended to the nil extension of rectangular bands and rectangular groups.

A multi-attribute ranking method based on neighbor nodes and lines，NL centrality algorithm，was proposed in this paper. NL centrality algorithm not only utilized the number of neighbors and sub-neighbors to further distinguish the node position, but also fully considered the effect of lines upon the importance of a node. The experimental results show that our proposed NL centrality algorithm can outperform well-known centralities in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

In this paper, granularity was described by utilizing the equivalence relation in Rough sets, whose expression in information system and decision table was given by combining rough set with granularity calculation method. And using the attribute importance value in information decision table as heuristic information, Tabu search was carried out on the combination of relative reduction numbers. This method can avoid useless attributes selection, effectively wipe off attributes that can be omitted and reduce the search space, so as to ensure the efficiency of the algorithm.

According to the data management requirements of seafloor observatory network, the function model of data management system was established, and the related implementation algorithms of key technologies such as data communication, equipment management, fault diagnosis and data quality control were designed. The data management system for seafloor observatory network was developed based on Socket network programming, MySQL database technologies and modular design idea. The sea trial results show that the data management system has realized the functions of real-time data acquisition, state monitoring, data classified storage and data sharing, and it has the advantages of stable and reliable operation and strong expandability.

The abnormal methane concentration in cold seep water is not only an important indicator of natural gas hydrate occurrence in the seabed, but also of great significance to the study of the marine environment and global climate change. Based on the analysis and study of the characteristics of the existing cold seeps, a inversion method for quantitatively obtaining methane concentration distribution in cold seep water based on single beam sounding data was established. Taking the cold seep area in the northwest slope of the Kurile Basin in the Okhotsk Sea as an example, the concentration of dissolved methane in cold seep water of the study area was calculated by using the 12 kHz and 20 kHz acoustic echo sounding data obtained from the sea trial. Compared with the chromatographic analysis results of the cold seep water samples, the calculation results of this inversion method were in good agreement with the field measured data. And due to the advantages of beam angle and bubble resonance effect, the inversion results corresponding to 12 kHz sounding data were closer to the measured data. At the same time, relevant calculation results showed that the dissolved methane in the water of the survey region mainly came from the free methane gas released from cold seeps. In addition, the field observation results showed that the hydrated crust on the surface of the cold seep bubble in hydrate stability zone could significantly prolong the floating time and distance of the bubbles.

An UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of six components (protocatechuic acid, rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, quercitrin, kaemferol) in Bidens parviflora Willd. After crushing, Bidens parviflora Willd. was extracted with ultrasonic in methanol, diluted and injected directly. The content of six components in the extract was determined simultaneously by negative ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and paeoniflorin was used as the internal standard(IS). The detection was performed on an Agilent SB C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm), using a mobile phase consisted of methanol -0.1% fomic acid water solution with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min, and column temperature was 35 ℃. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship between peak area and concentration of the six components measured by this method within the corresponding mass concentration range(r＞0.999 0).The average recovery of sample addition(n=6) was 92.1% ～95.5%, RSD was less than or equal to 4.50%.The established UPLC-MS/MS method is simple, rapid, sensitive and specific, which can simultaneously determine six components in Bidens parviflora Willd.

In this paper, plant root-knot nematodes harmful to the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge were isolated and identified, providing a theoretical basis for the control of root-knot nematodes in two medicinal plants. Root-knot nematodes were isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. collected by the Baermann funnel method. After isolation, the morphology of root-knot nematodes was observed by optical microscope. The results showed that six species of plant root parasitic nematodes were found. Pratylenchus coffeae, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans, Xiphinema americanum, Helicotylenchus apiculus. were isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, while Xiphinema americanum, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus were isolated from Trichosanthes kirilowii. This experiment can provide some reference for the prevention and treatment of root diseases of Trichosanthes kirilowii and Salvia miltiorrhiza in Changqing area of Shandong province.