环境和食品样品中药物及个人护理品的污染现状及样品前处理分析技术

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240114

Abstract

Abstract:

Residues of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are an emerging class of organic contaminants known for their endocrine-disrupting properties, pseudo-persistence, and ecotoxicity. Because of their wide application in the medical, animal husbandry, and cosmetic industries, PPCPs have been frequently detected in surface water, groundwater, industrial sludge, and even food such as milk in recent years, raising significant concerns about their safety. However, because PPCPs are present at very low concentrations in real samples and are affected by complex matrix effects, direct quantitative analysis is challenging. Therefore, before instrumental analysis, effective sample pretreatment methods are required for the enrichment analysis of PPCPs. In recent years, many novel materials have been developed for the extraction of trace contaminants. First, this paper provides a systematic introduction to the hazards and contamination status of PPCPs, followed by a detailed discussion of the contamination of two typical PPCPs: bisphenols and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Second, it lists several sample pretreatment techniques, highlighting the application of novel adsorbent materials in PPCP analysis and detection, while also exploring the development trends of these new adsorbent materials. Finally, the paper summarizes the obstacles and challenges that may be encountered in the analysis and detection of PPCPs.

Key words: pharmaceuticals and personal care products, emerging contaminants, sample pretreatment, novel adsorbents

CLC Number:

X171

MA Jinyan, ZHAO Rusong. Current status of contamination of environmental and food samples with pharmaceutical and personal care products and sample pretreatment analytical techniques[J].Shandong Science, 2025, 38(2): 28-40.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 58

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NSAIDs污染物	来源	年份	质量浓度/(ng·L^-1)	参考文献
双氯芬酸钠	中国黄海及东海	2019	N.D.~12.41	[27]
	宁夏第三排水沟	2021	N.D.~184.72	[26]
	北极地区	2022	20.00~180.00	[28]
萘普生	中国黄海及东海	2019	22.27~271.30	[27]
萘普生	北极地区	2022	106.00~3 150	[28]
布洛芬	中国黄海及东海	2019	N.D.~239.00	[27]
布洛芬	宁夏第三排水沟	2021	N.D.~236.43	[26]
对乙酰氨基酚	宁夏第三排水沟	2021	N.D.~40.85	[26]

类型	名称	优点	缺点	参考文献
传统样品前处理技术	液液萃取(LLE)	操作简单、要求及成本低	有机溶剂消耗大、富集倍数小、提取工作量大	[30]
新型样品前处理技术	柱固相萃取(CSPE)	有机溶剂消耗量少、富集度高	样品质量要求高、操作要求高	[31⇓-33]
	磁固相萃取(MSPE)	操作简单、分离速度快、操作时间短	萃取材料需带磁性,萃取过程的平衡时间通常较长	[34-35]
	固相微萃取(SMPE)	快速高效、灵敏度高、环保经济	萃取容量有限、萃取头需定期更换	[36⇓-38]

材料	名称	特点	分析物	前处理技术	仪器	回收率/%	检出限	参考文献
碳纳米管	M-CNT@ PDE	聚合物低共熔溶剂修饰	牛血清白蛋白	磁固相萃取	紫外可见光度计		2.67 μg/mL	[44]
共价有机骨架材料	MI-COF	产生印迹空腔, 孔隙率高	氟喹诺酮药物	固相萃取	高效液相色谱仪	92~113	0.32~0.48 μg/L	[55]
共价有机骨架材料	COF-LZU1@ PEI@Fe₃O₄	聚乙烯亚胺功能化	多环芳烃	磁固相萃取	高效液相色谱仪	90.9~107.8	0.2~20 pg/mL	[56]
共轭微孔聚合物	PP-CMP	聚亚苯基功能化	苯氧羧酸除草剂	分散固相萃取	气相色谱仪	86.9~101.3	0.55~3.84 ng/L	[57]
共轭微孔聚合物	CMP	三苯胺卟啉基功能化	邻苯二甲酸酯	固相微萃取	气相色谱仪	80~120	0.01~3.0 μg/L	[53]
金属有机骨架材料	Zn-MOF	二维MOF, 比表面积大	环丙沙星、氧氟沙星以及诺氟沙星	固相萃取	高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪		0.009~0.016 ng/mL	[34]
金属有机骨架材料	iMOF-Ni	镍基阳离子	双酚类污染物	固相萃取	高效液相色谱仪	72.2~96.6	0.07~0.16 ng/mL	[35]
纳米纤维毡	PANI/ PanNFsM	核壳型纳米纤维毡, 比表面积大	非甾体抗炎药	固相萃取	高相液相色谱-串联质谱仪	85.0~99.7		[36]
纳米多孔碳材料	MMIMs	比表面积大, 孔隙率高	双酚类污染物	磁固相萃取	高效液相色谱-四级杆- 轨道阱高分辨质谱仪	71.9~108.4	0.03~0.30 μg/L	[58]

Current status of contamination of environmental and food samples with pharmaceutical and personal care products and sample pretreatment analytical techniques

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BPs污染物	来源	年份	质量浓度/(ng·L^-1)	参考文献
	广元市河流	2021	12.51~186.76	[13]
双酚A	珠江广州河段	2022	85.40~124.00	[14]
	城市水源(广元市)	2020—2021	32.24~187.09	[15]
双酚F	珠江广州河段	2022	29.30~62.10	[14]
双酚S	白龙江(丰水期)	2020	N.D.~1.25	[13]
	白龙江(丰水期)	2021	N.D.~1.78	[13]
	市售鱼类	2018	N.D.~28.60	[16]
	市售鱼类	2022	0.10~62.48	[17]
双酚B	塑料包装食品及饮品	2021	N.D.~29.70	[18]