山东省济南市钢城区中药资源现状调查及分析

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230055

Abstract

Abstract:

To understand the current distribution status of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resources in Gangcheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, in accordance with the unified requirements of the fourth national survey of TCM resources, the distribution of wild medicinal plant resources, and cultivation of TCM in Gangcheng District were investigated and sorted out through processes including field investigation, internal industry organization, and data analysis. The results showed that there are 180 species of wild resources in Gangcheng District, belonging to 65 families and 151 genera. Among them, the dominant families include Asteraceae, Leguminosae, and Cruciferae, among others. The reserves of wild Phytolacca, Rubia, and Leonurus are relatively large, and 69 species of wild resources are included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia; Cultivar include Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., Lonicera japonica Thunb., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, among which Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is a geographical indication resource. This resource survey provides a comprehensive understanding of the types and distribution of wild medicinal plant resources in Gangcheng District, providing a scientific basis for the development and utilization of regional TCM resources and the sustainable development of the TCM industry.

Key words: Gangcheng District, Jinan City, wild traditional Chinese medicine resources, cultivation of medicinal materials, standing stock

CLC Number:

R282

YANG Guohong, ZHOU Bingqian, LU Heng, SONG Xiangyun, ZHU Heng, WANG Xiao, LIU Qian, LIU Wei. Investigation and analysis of the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Gangcheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province[J].Shandong Science, 2024, 37(1): 1-8.

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References 13

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代表区域序号	代表区域名称	区域面积/km²	样地数量
1	草丛	5.06	4
2	温带落叶阔叶林	21.98	11
3	温带针叶林	71.78	29

项目	低山	丘陵	平原
代表区域	针阔混交林	阔叶林	阔叶林和草丛
海拔范围	500~1 000 m	200~500 m	100 m以下
平均气温	9~10 ℃	11~13 ℃	14~15 ℃
植物生态环境	植被丰富	植被丰富	植被丰富
代表性药用植物	合欢Albizia julibrissin Durazz.、侧柏Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco、椴树Tilia tuan Szyszyl.、桑Morus alba L.、荆条Vitex negundo L. var.heterophylla (Franch.) Rehder、马兜铃Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc.	桔梗Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.、杠柳Periploca sepium Bge.、枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC.、半夏Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.节节草Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.	丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.、地黄Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.、酸枣Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow、连翘Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl.

植物类型	科	占比/%	属	占比/ %	种	占比/ %
蕨类植物	5	7.69	4	2.65	5	2.78
裸子植物	3	4.62	3	1.99	3	1.67
单子叶植物	15	23.08	14	9.27	14	7.78
双子叶植物	42	65.62	130	86.76	158	87.78
合计	65	100.00	151	100.00	180	100.00

科所含种	科(属,种数量)	占总科数
单种科(1种)	藜科(1,1)、罂粟科(1,1)、景天科(1,1)、虎耳草科(1,1)、酢浆草科(1,1)、牻牛儿苗科(1,1)、芸香科(1,1)、远志科(1,1)、漆树科(1,1)、卫矛科(1,1)、鼠李科(1,1)、椴树科(1,1)、胡颓子科(1,1)、柳叶菜科(1,1)、报春花科(1,1)、马鞭草科(1,1)、忍冬科(1,1)、桔梗科(1,1)、眼子菜科(1,1)、百部科(1,1)、薯蓣科(1,1)、鸭跖草科(1,1)、天南星科(1,1)、银杏科(1,1)、松科(1,1)、柏科(1,1)、卷柏科(1,1)、水蕨科(1,1)、铁角蕨科(1,1)、水龙骨科(1,1)、壳斗科(1,1)、车前科(1,1)	49.23%
小型科(2~4种)	胡桃科(2,2)、桑科(2,2)、苋科(3,3)、毛茛科(3,4)、防己科(2,2)、大戟科(4,4)、葡萄科(2,2)、锦葵科(2,2)、伞形科(2,2)、木犀科(2,2)、茜草科(2,3)、旋花科(2,2)、茄科(2,2)、鸢尾科(2,2)、禾本科(4,4)、莎草科(2,4)、马兜铃科(1,2)、槭树科(1,2)、堇菜科(1,2)、柿科(1,2)、木贼科(1,2)	33.85%
大型科(5种及以上)	十字花科(7,9)、蔷薇科(7,9)、豆科(12,15)、唇形科(6,6)、菊科(20,26)、玄参科(4,6)、百合科(5,5)、萝藦科(3,5)、石竹科(4,5)、蓼科(3,5)、紫草科(4,5)	16.92%

科属种	科	属	种
第三次普查	96	234	251
第四次普查	65	151	180
变化率/%	32.63	35.47	28.28

Investigation and analysis of the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Gangcheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province

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生活型	种类数量	占比/%	代表性植物
一年生草本	72	40.00	萹蓄Polygonum aviculare L.、半夏Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.、蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum Hand. -Mazz.、苘麻Abutilon theophrasti Medic.、小花糖芥Erysimum cheiranthoides L.
多年生草本	64	35.56	地榆Sanguisorba officinalis L.、直立百部Stemona sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq.、漏芦Stemmacantha uniflora (L.) Dittrich、飞廉Carduus nutans L.、丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
乔木	23	12.78	花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.、侧柏Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco、山里红Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. major N. E. Br.、银杏Ginkgo biloba L.、桑Morus alba L.
灌木	16	8.89	茅莓Rubus parvifolius L.、酸枣Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow、中华卷柏Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring、杠柳Periploca sepium Bunge、北马兜铃Aristolochia contorta Bunge
藤本植物	5	2.78	蘡薁Vitis bryoniifolia Bunge、木防己Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC.、太行铁线莲Clematis kirilowii Maxim.、蛇葡萄Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wallich) Momiyama、薯蓣Dioscorea opposita Thunb.
合计	180	100

序号	药材名	种拉丁名	入药部位	分布面积/km²	蕴藏量/kg
1	侧柏叶	Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco	叶类	8.08	34 205.96
2	桑叶	Morus albaL.	叶类	7.77	579.40
3	楮实子	Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.	叶类	15.90	850.66
4	萹蓄	Polygonum aviculare L.	全草类	0.65	691.15
5	商陆	Phytolacca americana L.	根及根茎类	5.06	89 865.45
6	牛膝	Achyranthes bidentata Bl.	根及根茎类	2.66	44 651.80
7	马兜铃	Aristolochia debilis Sieb.et Zucc.	果实和种子类	5.98	8 322.56
8	瓦松	Orostachys fimbriata(Turcz.) A. Berger	全草类	1.86	8 839.27
9	山楂	Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.	果实和种子类	3.86	398.61
10	地锦草	Euphorbia humifusaWilld.	全草类	6.60	2 387.35

序号	药材名	入药部位	分布区域	栽培面积/亩	亩产量 /(kg·亩^-1)	总产量 /kg	平均价格 / (元·kg^-1)
1	丹参	根	颜庄镇、艾山街道、辛庄街道、汶源街道	20 000	300	6 000 000	9.5
2	黄芩	根	颜庄镇、艾山街道、里辛镇	10 000	250	2 500 000	12.0
3	金银花	花	艾山街道	1 000	45	45 000	100.0
4	生姜	根茎	里辛镇、颜庄镇、黄庄镇、街道	200	600	120 000	15.0
5	花椒	果实种子	艾山街道	5 000	50	250 000	18.0
6	山楂	果实	艾山街道、颜庄镇	3 000	500	1 500 000	8.0

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