山东科学

• 中药与天然活性产物 •    

胡椒药材商品规格等级标准研究

冯汪银1,付艳2,许清清2,周 涛2,3,杨昌贵2,3,张进强2,3,肖承鸿2,3*   

  1. 1.贵州医科大学神奇民族医药学院,贵州 贵阳550002;2.贵州中医药大学,贵州 贵阳550025;3.贵州省道地药材种质创新与资源高效利用全省重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-10 接受日期:2025-10-13 上线日期:2026-06-05
  • 通信作者: 肖承鸿 E-mail:xiaochenghong1986@126.com
  • 作者简介:冯汪银(1992—),女,讲师,研究方向为中药资源分类鉴定与质量控制。E-mail:957213112@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)

Study on the commercial specifications and grading standards for Piperis Fructus

FENG Wangyin1, FUYan2, XU Qingqing2, ZHOU Tao2,3, YANG Changgui2,3, ZHANG Jinqiang2,3, XIAO Chenghong2,3*   

  1. 1.Shen Qi Ethnic Medicine College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China;2.Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Resource-Efficient Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guiyang 550025, China
  • Received:2025-08-10 Accepted:2025-10-13 Online:2026-06-05
  • Contact: XIAO Chenghong E-mail:xiaochenghong1986@126.com

摘要: 为制定胡椒药材商品规格等级标准,以药材市场收集的40份胡椒为研究对象,在文献考证及市场调研的基础上,结合胡椒性状特征选取外观性状指标;通过描述性统计分析、方差分析确定分级指标,利用均值联合置信区间对分级指标定量,并结合生产实际及市场可操作性,制定胡椒商品规格等级标准;同时以胡椒碱为质量指标,分析不同规格等级胡椒质量的差异及外观性状与胡椒碱含量的相关性。据文献考证及市场调研发现,历来胡椒以粒大、饱满、气味浓烈者为佳,分为白胡椒和黑胡椒2种规格;数据分析结果显示,胡椒在50 g粒数上差异显著,故以50 g粒数作为胡椒的分级指标,并结合2020年版《中国药典》规定及生产实际,划分白胡椒、黑胡椒2个规格,选货、统货2个等级;多重比较显示,白胡椒选货的胡椒碱含量显著高于黑胡椒选货;相关性分析显示,白胡椒和黑胡椒的胡椒碱含量均与50 g粒数呈极显著负相关,而与直径、破损率无显著差异。本研究以外观性状为区分依据建立了胡椒商品规格等级标准,此标准符合市场现状,可为规范胡椒市场交易及流通使用提供参考依据。

关键词: 胡椒, 商品规格等级, 外观性状指标, 标准

Abstract: To study the commercial specifications and grading standards for Piperis Fructus, 40 samples of Piperis Fructus collected from the herbal markets were analyzed. Based on the literature review and market investigation, the appearance traits of Piperis Fructus were selected. Descriptive statistical analysis and analysis of variance, confidence intervals of the means, practical production conditions, and market operability were employed to determine the grading indicators of Piperis Fructus. In addition, piperine content was used as a quality indicator to analyze differences among different grades and to examine the correlation between appearance traits and piperine content. The literature review and market investigation revealed that Piperis Fructus with larger plump and stronger aroma has traditionally been considered superior, and is classified into two categories: white pepper and black pepper. Data analysis showed that was significantly different in grain number of 50 g, using the grain number of 50 g as a classification index of Piperis Fructus. In accordance with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopeia and practical production considerations, two specifications (white pepper and black pepper) and two grades (selected and standard) were defined. Multiple comparisons indicated that the piperine content in selected white pepper was significantly higher than that in selected black pepper. Correlation analysis showed that piperine content in both white and black pepper was significantly negatively correlated with the number of grains per 50 g, but did not significantly correlate with diameter or damage rate. This study establishes commercial specifications and grading standards for Piperis Fructus based on appearance traits, which align with current market conditions and could serve as a reference for standardizing market transactions and circulation.

Key words: Piperis Fructus, commercial specifications and grades, appearance trait indicators, standard

中图分类号: 

  • R282.71

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