活性炭改性微球抑藻效能及控制微囊藻毒素释放的机制

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025066

Abstract

Abstract: To address the ecological and health risks associated with frequent cyanobacterial blooms, it is crucial to overcome the limitations of existing algal control technologies—such as secondary chemical pollution from chemical methods, the high cost of physical methods, and the slow response of biological approaches—by developing efficient and environmentally safe algal inhibitors. In this study, an environmentally responsive, activated carbon-based sustained-release microsphere (CM-AC@SM), encapsulating gallic acid and pyrogallic acid, was developed. The effects of temperature (15°C, 25°C, 35°C) and pH (5.0, 7.0, 9.0) on its release performance were systematically investigated, and its inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa as well as its regulation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) were evaluated. The results showed that the microspheres exhibit dual responsiveness to temperature and pH: both the drug release rate and swelling ratio were significantly positively correlated with temperature, and notably increased under high-pH conditions. Under simulated algal bloom conditions (35°C, pH 9.0), the microspheres demonstrated excellent performance—the algae inhibition rate increased significantly by 23.7%–41.5%, and the MC-LR release rate decreased by 62.3%, effectively mitigating environmental risk. Furthermore, they promoted intracellular accumulation of MC-LR by 38.9%, achieving enhanced control through a “retention and efficacy boosting” effect. The CM-AC@SM microspheres innovatively employ an environment-triggered sustained-release mechanism to synergistically drive a dual-path regulation strategy—namely, inhibition of intracellular toxin synthesis and blockade of extracellular leakage. This dual-path synergy effectively avoids the traditional issue with chemical algicides of “toxin release upon algal death,” ultimately achieving coordinated goals of algae inhibition and ecological toxicity reduction.

Key words: sustained-release microspheres, allelopathy, gallic acid, algae-control technology, microcystins

CLC Number:

X171

WEN Xinru, ZHOU Yuan, DENG Tiantian, WANG Xiangchun, YANG Weiqi, ZHANG Liqiu, FENG Li. Study on algae inhibition efficiency of activated carbon-modified microspheres and mechanism of microcystin release control[J].Shandong Science, 0, (): 1-.

References

[1] 许海, 陈洁, 朱广伟, 等. 水体氮、磷营养盐水平对蓝藻优势形成的影响[J]. 湖泊科学, 2019, 31(5): 1239-1247.

[2] WU Z X, SHI J Q, YANG S Q. The effect of pyrogallic acid on growth, oxidative stress, and gene expression in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria)[J]. Ecotoxicology, 2013, 22(2): 271-278. DOI:10.1007/s10646-012-1023-z.

[3] 方婷轩, 马增岭. 温度变化对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)生长和光合作用的影响[J]. 生态科学, 2016, 35(6): 14-23. DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2016.06.003.

[4] 孙志伟, 邱丽华, 段舜山, 等. 化感作用抑制有害藻类生长的研究进展[J]. 生态科学, 2015, 34(6): 188-192. DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2015.06.029.

[5] 刘杨, 郭沛涌, 鲁贝贝, 等. 壳聚糖没食子酸新型抑藻剂的制备及其对淡水微藻生长的影响[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 45(7): 2538-2546.

[6] 毕业亮, 吴诗敏, 周思宁, 等. 绿狐尾藻对铜绿微囊藻和羊角月牙藻的抑藻效应[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(5): 2265-2270. DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201810064.

[7] GUTIÉRREZ-LARRAÍNZAR M, RÚA J, CARO I, et al. Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of natural phenolic compounds against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria[J]. Food Control, 2012, 26(2): 555-563. DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.02.025.

[8] RENGASAMY K R R, AMOO S O, AREMU A O, et al. Phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of eight South African seaweeds[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015, 27(4): 1599-1605. DOI:10.1007/s10811-014-0438-8.

[9] 胡波, 金仙华, 谭天伟. pH敏感壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合水凝胶的溶胀特性及应用[J]. 中国临床康复, 2004, 8(11): 2162-2163.

[10] 高春梅, 柳明珠, 吕少瑜, 等. 海藻酸钠水凝胶的制备及其在药物释放中的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2013, 25(6): 1012-1022.

[11] OLADIMEJI O H, ANWANA M A, ATTIH E E, et al. 3, 4, 5-trihydroxycyclohexyl methanol - a new reduced derivative from structural activity relationship studies (SARS) on Gallic acid[J]. European Chemical Bulletin, 2020, 9(3): 103. DOI:10.17628/ecb.2020.9.103-106.

[12] ZHAO B, HU M C. Gallic acid reduces cell viability, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis in human cervical cancer cells[J]. Oncology Letters, 2013, 6(6): 1749-1755. DOI:10.3892/ol.2013.1632.

[13] RENGASAMY K R R, AMOO S O, AREMU A O, et al. Phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of eight South African seaweeds[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015, 27(4): 1599-1605. DOI:10.1007/s10811-014-0438-8.

[14] JANG A, LEE N, LEE B D, et al. Biological functions of a synthetic compound, octadeca-9,12-dienyl-3,4,5-hydroxybenzoate, from gallic acid-linoleic acid ester.[J]. Food Chemistry, 2009, 112: 369-373.

[15] NI L X, JIE X T, WANG P F, et al. Effect of linoleic acid sustained-release microspheres on Microcystis aeruginosa antioxidant enzymes activity and microcystins production and release[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 121: 110-116. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.056.

[16] NI L X, ACHARYA K, REN G X, et al. Preparation and characterization of anti-algal sustained-release granules and their inhibitory effects on algae[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 91(5): 608-615. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.064.

[17] XIE C X, TIAN T C, YU S T, et al. pH-sensitive hydrogel based on carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate and its application for drug delivery[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2019, 136(1): 46911. DOI:10.1002/app.46911.

[18] LI B H, YIN Y J, KANG L F, et al. A review: Application of allelochemicals in water ecological restoration—algal inhibition[J]. Chemosphere, 2021, 267: 128869. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128869.

[19] 张琨, 赵玉强, 易建, 等. 不同条件对SA/GT/CS三元复合水凝胶微球溶胀性能的影响[J]. 化工新型材料, 2008, 36(5): 66-67.

[20] 门玉洁, 胡洪营. 芦苇化感物质EMA对铜绿微囊藻生长及藻毒素产生和释放的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2007, 28(9): 2058-2062. DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.2007.09.037.

[21] LU Y F, HUANG R H, WANG J L, et al. Effects of polyester microfibers on the growth and toxicity production of bloom-forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa[J]. Water, 2022, 14(15): 2422. DOI:10.3390/w14152422.

[22] OUYANG P, WANG C, WANG P F, et al. Effects of mixed allelochemicals on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, microcystin production, extracellular polymeric substances, and water quality[J]. Water, 2020, 12(7): 1861. DOI:10.3390/w12071861.

[23] KHATIBI N, NAIMI-JAMAL M R, BALALAIE S, et al. Development and evaluation of a pH-sensitive, naturally crosslinked alginate-chitosan hydrogel for drug delivery applications[J]. Frontiers in Biomaterials Science, 2024, 3: 1457540. DOI:10.3389/fbiom.2024.1457540.

[24] YAN F, LI M Z, ZANG S S, et al. UV radiation and temperature increase alter the PSII function and defense mechanisms in a bloom-forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2024, 15: 1351796. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1351796.

[25] 李亚春, 谢小萍, 朱小莉, 等. 结合卫星遥感技术的太湖蓝藻水华形成温度特征分析[J]. 湖泊科学, 2016, 28(6): 1256-1264.

[26] AL-AMIN A, MCKENZIE E R. Dolomite dissolution, pH neutralization, and potentially toxic element immobilization in stormwater bioretention beds[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2025, 961: 178369. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178369.

[27] FANG F, GAO Y, GAN L, et al. Effects of different initial pH and irradiance levels on cyanobacterial colonies from Lake Taihu, China[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2018, 30(3): 1777-1793. DOI:10.1007/s10811-018-1394-5.

[28] 王娟, 张保华, 崔晓翠, 等. 温度/pH双敏型羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠凝胶微球的制备[J]. 应用化工, 2015, 44(8): 1464-1467. DOI:10.16581/j.cnki.issn1671-3206.2015.08.021.

[29] FAN Z Q, WANG Y J, CHEN C, et al. Algal inhibiting effects of salicylic acid sustained-release microspheres on algae in different growth cycles[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 19(10): 6320. DOI:10.3390/ijerph19106320.

[30] OMER A M, AHMED M S, EL-SUBRUITI G M, et al. pH-sensitive alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan/aminated chitosan microcapsules for efficient encapsulation and delivery of diclofenac sodium[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2021, 13(3): 338. DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics13030338.

[31] 高李李, 郭沛涌. 酚酸类化感物质抑藻作用的研究进展[J]. 水处理技术, 2012, 38(9): 1-4. DOI:10.16796/j.cnki.1000-3770.2012.09.001.

[32] LI H Y, YE Y D, ZHANG Q J, et al. Effects of Cinnamomum camphora leaves extracts-flocculants composite algaecide on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and microcystins release[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2022, 109(2): 409-416. DOI:10.1007/s00128-022-03534-2.

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits third parties to freely share (i.e., copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (i.e., remix, transform, or build upon the material) the articles published in this journal, provided that appropriate credit is given, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated. The material may not be used for commercial purposes. For details of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, please visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Study on algae inhibition efficiency of activated carbon-modified microspheres and mechanism of microcystin release control

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 3

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	XU Jianping, ZHANG Shilei, CHEN Chen, ZHU Jianjun, GUO Yupu. Carbon sequestration effect of aggregate spray-seeding technology in ecological restoration of damaged slopes [J]. Shandong Science, 2025, 38(5): 115-122.
[2]	WANG Yongfeng, YU Jingyuan, ZHANG Hao. Review of the sources, distribution, and health risks of bisphenol compounds in environmental media in China [J]. Shandong Science, 2025, 38(2): 13-27.
[3]	MA Jinyan, ZHAO Rusong. Current status of contamination of environmental and food samples with pharmaceutical and personal care products and sample pretreatment analytical techniques [J]. Shandong Science, 2025, 38(2): 28-40.