基于液相色谱-质谱的西洋参不同部位人参皂苷差异性分析

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2025064

Abstract

Abstract:

Ginsenosides are important chemical components of Panax quinquefolius L. and are closely related to its pharmacological activities. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used for high-throughput analysis of ginsenosides in the roots, leaves, and seeds of Panax quinquefolius L., leading to the identification of 72 ginsenosides across these parts. Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in the content and types of ginsenosides among the different plant parts. Based on statistical significance (p<0.05) and biological significance (fold change>4), 23 differential saponins were identified in the roots vs. leaves comparison, 26 in the roots vs. seeds comparison, and 27 in the leaves vs. seeds comparison. Content analysis revealed that the total amounts of Rg₁, Re, and Rb₁ in the leaves and roots were roughly equivalent and higher than in the seeds, while most other ginsenosides were more abundant in the leaves and roots than in the seeds. The pseudo-ginsenoside F11, which is unique to Panax quinquefolius L., was most abundant in the leaves, whereas acetylated pseudo-ginsenoside F11 was most abundant in the roots. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh₁, acetylated ginsenoside Rg₁, and quinquenoside IV were all significantly different among the three parts and could serve as markers for differentiation. This study reveals distinct ginsenoside profiles in the roots, leaves, and seeds of Panax quinquefolius L., providing technical support for its efficient development and utilization.

Key words: Panax quinquefolius L., different parts, ginsenosides, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)

CLC Number:

R284.1

LIU Yuemeng, DONG Hongjing, XIE Yao, WANG Xiao, LIU Jing, LI Lili. Difference analysis of ginsenosides in different parts of Panax quinquefolius L. based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Shandong Science, 2026, 39(3): 12-21.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1

Table 1

Seventy-two ginsenosides identified in different parts of Panax quinquefolius L."

编号	化合物名称	m/z	加和离子	t_R/min	分子式	类型	碎片离子
1	PQ-ginsenoside I	1 009.56	[M+HCOO]^-	7	C₄₈H₈₄O₁₉	其他	963、783、179、113
2	notoginsenoside H	993.53	[M+HCOO]^-	7.3	C₄₇H₈₀O₁₉	OT	609
3	PQ-ginsenoside II	861.49	[M-H]^-	7.6	C₄₃H₇₄O₁₇	其他	553、119、
4	majoroside F₅	1 007.54	[M+HCOO]^-	7.7	C₄₈H₈₂O₁₉	OT	961、815、653
5	PQ-ginsenoside III	717.44	[M+HCOO]^-	7.8	C₃₆H₆₄O₁₁	其他	671、509
6	PQ-ginsenoside IV	849.48	[M+HCOO]^-	7.9	C₄₁H₇₂O₁₅	其他	717、497、327
7	quinquenoside L₉	863.5	[M+HCOO]^-	8.1	C₄₂H₇₄O₁₅	其他	817、671、509
8	PQ-ginsenoside V	977.53	[M+HCOO]^-	8.5	C₄₇H₈₀O₁₈	OT	931、653、785、161
9	notoginsenoside R₆	1 007.54	[M+HCOO]^-	8.6	C₄₈H₈₂O₁₉	PPT	799、637
10	malonyl-floralquinquenoside D	901.48	[M-H]^-	8.7	C₄₅H₄₇O₁₈	OT	797、653、491
11	quinquenoside F₆	977.53	[M+HCOO]^-	8.8	C₄₇H₈₀O₁₈	PPT	931、799、637
12	notoginsenoside R₁	977.53	[M+HCOO]^-	9.2	C₄₇H₈₀O₁₈	PPT	931、799、637
13	notoginsenoside ST₅	977.53	[M+HCOO]^-	9.4	C₄₇H₈₀O₁₈	PPT	931、799、638
14	quinquenoside IV	1 167.58	[M+HCOO]^-	9.5	C₅₄H₉₀O₂₄	其他	610、861
15	24(R)-pseudo-ginsenoside F11	845.49	[M+HCOO]^-	9.9	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₄	OT	799、637、475
16	ginsenoside Re	991.55	[M+HCOO]^-	10	C₄₈H₈₂O₁₈	PPT	945、799、783
17	24(S)-pseudo-ginsenoside F11	845.49	[M+HCOO]^-	10.1	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₄	OT	799、637、475
18	malonyl-ginsenoside Rg₁	885.48	[M-H]^-	10.9	C₅₄H₇₄O₁₇	PPT	781、637、475
19	malonyl-ginsenoside Re	1 031.54	[M-H]^-	11.1	C₅₁H₈₄O₂₁	PPT	987、945、799
20	ginsenoside Rg₁	845.49	[M+HCOO]^-	11.2	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₄	PPT	799、637、475
21	acetyl-ginsenoside Re	1 033.56	[M+HCOO]^-	11.3	C₅₀H₈₄O₁₉	PPT	945、987、927、799
22	acetyl-ginsenoside Re	987.55	[M-H]^-	11.4	C₅₀H₈₄O₁₉	PPT	945、783、637
23	malonyl-ginsenoside Re	1 031.54	[M-H]^-	11.5	C₅₁H₈₄O₂₁	PPT	945、987、799、637
24	notoginsenoside R₂	815.48	[M+HCOO]^-	11.6	C₄₁H₇₀O₁₃	PPT	637、475、161
25	PQ-ginsenoside VI	961.54	[M+HCOO]^-	11.7	C₄₇H₈₀O₁₇	PPT	915、783、637
26	vinaginsenoside R₁₃	1 025.55	[M+HCOO]^-	11.8	C₄₈H₈₄O₂₀	其他	979、799、119
27	majonoside R₁	861.48	[M+HCOO]^-	11.9	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₅	OT	815、653
28	floralginsenoside P	1 139.58	[M+HCOO]^-	12	C₅₃H₉₀O₂₃	PPT	1 093、931、799
29	malonyl-vinaginsenoside R₁₃	1 065.55	[M-H]^-	12.3	C₅₁H₈₆O₂₃	其他	979、799、119、655
30	majoroside F₁	1 007.54	[M+HCOO]^-	12.5	C₄₈H₈₂O₁₉	PPT	961、799、637
31	acetyl-ginsenoside Rg₁	887.5	[M+HCOO]^-	12.6	C₄₄H₇₄O₁₅	PPT	781、637、161、113
32	yesanchinoside E	1 153.6	[M+HCOO]^-	12.8	C₅₄H₉₂O₂₃	PPT	1 107、945、505
33	majonoside R₂	831.47	[M+HCOO]^-	12.9	C₄₁H₇₀O₁₄	OT	785、653
34	PQ-ginsenoside VIII	975.55	[M+HCOO]^-	13	C₄₈H₈₂O₁₇	PPT	929、195、119、637
35	notoginsenoside N	1 007.54	[M+HCOO]^-	13.5	C₄₈H₈₂O₁₉	PPT	961、781、615
36	malonyl-pseudo-ginsenoside F11	885.48	[M-H]^-	14.2	C₄₅H₇₄O₁₇	OT	799、841、653
37	ginsenoside F₃	815.48	[M+HCOO]^-	14.3	C₄₁H₇₀O₁₃	PPT	769、637
38	24(R)-acetyl-pseudo-ginsenoside F11	887.5	[M+HCOO]^-	14.6	C₄₄H₇₄O₁₅	OT	799、841、781
39	ginsenoside Rg₂	829.49	[M+HCOO]^-	15	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₃	PPT	783、637、475
40	20(S)-ginsenoside Rh₁	683.44	[M-H]^-	15.2	C₃₆H₆₂O₉	PPT	637、475、161
41	ginsenoside F₅	815.48	[M+HCOO]^-	15.3	C₄₁H₇₀O₁₃	PPT	769、623
42	ginsenoside Ro	955.49	[M-H]^-	15.7	C₄₈H₇₆O₁₉	PPD	793、613
43	stipuleanoside R₂	1 087.53	[M-H]^-	15.8	C₅₃H₈₄O₂₃	OA	731
44	5,6-didehydroginsenoside Rb₁	1 151.58	[M+HCOO]^-	15.9	C₅₄H₉₀O₂₃	PPD	598、869、955、112
45	24(S)-acetyl-pseudo-ginsenoside F11	887.5	[M+HCOO]^-	16	C₄₄H₇₄O₁₅	OT	841、799、653
46	ginsenoside Rb₁	1 153.603	[M+HCOO]^-	16.4	C₅₄H₉₂O₂₃	PPD	1 107、945
47	chikusetsu saponin IV	925.48	[M-H]^-	16.7	C₅₉H₁₀₀O₂₇	OA	763、543、383
48	malonyl-ginsenoside Rb₁	1 193.6	[M-H]^-	16.8	C₅₇H₉₄O₂₆	PPD	1 149、1 089
49	floralginsenoside M	1 123.59	[M+HCOO]^-	16.9	C₅₃H₉₀O₂₂	PPT	1 077、945、783
50	chikusetsu saponin I_b	925.48	[M-H]^-	17	C₄₇H₇₄O₁₈	OA	569、613、775
51	ginsenoside Rb₃	1 123.59	[M+HCOO]^-	17.2	C₅₃H₉₀O₂₂	PPD	945、783、1 077
52	ginsenoside Rb₂	1 123.59	[M-H]^-	17.4	C₅₃H₉₀O₂₂	PPD	915、149、1 077
53	ginsenoside Rb₃	1 077.59	[M-H]^-	17.5	C₅₃H₉₀O₂₂	PPD	1 078
54	chikusetsu saponin Iva	793.43	[M-H]^-	17.6	C₄₂H₆₆O₁₄	OA	794、631
55	malonyl-ginsenoside Rb₃	1 163.59	[M-H]^-	17.7	C₅₆H₉₂O₂₅	PPD	1 119、1 059
56	malonyl-ginsenoside Rb₁	1 193.59	[M-H]^-	17.8	C₅₇H₉₄O₂₆	PPD	1 149、1 089
57	malonyl-ginsenoside Rb₂	1 163.58	[M-H]^-	17.9	C₅₆H₉₂O₂₅	PPD	1 119、1 077
58	PQ-ginsenoside IX	1 137.61	[M-H]^-	18	C₅₄H₉₂O₂₂	PPD	1 163、582
59	malonyl-PQ-ginsenoside X	1 015.55	[M-H]^-	18.4	C₅₁H₈₄O₂₀	PPD	929、161
60	malonyl-acetyl-ginsenoside Rb₁	1 235.61	[M-H]^-	18.9	C₅₉H₉₆O₂₇	PPD	1 031、582
61	malonyl-malonyl-ginsenoside Rd	1 117.54	[M-H]^-	19.4	C₅₄H₈₆O₂₄	PPD	987、927、765
62	malonyl-ginsenoside Rd	1 031.54	[M-H]^-	19.5	C₅₁H₈₄O₂₁	PPD	945、987、927、765
63	quinquenoside L₁₄	961.54	[M+HCOO]^-	19.6	C₄₇H₈₀O₁₇	PPD	915、783、621
64	ginsenoside Rd	991.55	[M+HCOO]^-	19.8	C₄₈H₈₂O₁₈	PPD	945、783、621、161
65	malonyl-ginsenoside Rd	1 031.54	[M-H]^-	20.1	C₅₁H₈₄O₂₁	PPD	945、765、161
66	malonyl-quinquenoside L₁₀	1 001.53	[M-H]^-	20.2	C₅₀H₈₄O₂₀	PPD	915、765、621
67	quinquenoside L₁₀	961.54	[M-H]^-	20.9	C₄₇H₈₀O₁₇	OT	915、783、621
68	chikusetsu saponin II	793.44	[M-H]^-	23.1	C₄₂H₆₆O₁₄	OA	112
69	ginsenoside Rg₃	829.49	[M+HCOO]^-	23.6	C₄₂H₇₂O₁₃	PPD	783、637、475、101
70	pseudo-ginsenoside Rp₁	763.43	[M-H]^-	23.9	C₄₁H₆₄O₁₃	OA	569、279、113
71	PQ-ginsenoside XI	631.38	[M-H]^-	24.3	C₃₆H₅₆O₉	OA	112、297
72	ginsenoside Rh₂	667.4425	[M+HCOO]^-	24.8	C₃₆H₆₂O₈	PPD	255、279

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

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Difference analysis of ginsenosides in different parts of Panax quinquefolius L. based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

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