Shandong Science

   

Design of a lithium battery management system based on hybrid active–passive balancing

WANG Peilun, LUAN Lan, LI Jian, LIU Zongzhen   

  1. Shandong Electrical Engineering & Equipment Science and Technology Research Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101,China
  • Received:2025-03-20 Accepted:2025-06-09 Online:2026-03-23
  • Contact: WANG Peilun E-mail:wangpeilun2006@126.com

Abstract: To address the issues of reduced available capacity and shortened lifespan in lithium battery packs caused by inconsistent capacities of individual cells, this paper proposes a lithium battery management system based on hybrid passive-active balancing. The system employs passive balancing for “peak clipping” during the charging phase by dissipating excess energy from the highest-voltage battery cell through a load resistor. During the discharging or idle phase, active balancing is used for “valley filling” by charging the battery cell with the lowest voltage using the energy from the entire pack, thereby enhancing the overall performance. Compared with traditional flyback transformer-based solutions, the proposed design features a simpler circuit and can meet the real-time balancing requirements during charging and discharging processes. The experimental results show that the system significantly improves the voltage consistency of the battery cells and facilitates capacity recovery, thus providing reliable support for the efficient and stable operation of the battery pack.

Key words: lithium-ion battery pack, battery management system, hybrid balancing, voltage consistency

CLC Number: 

  • TP273

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