减少农田土壤氮损失的微生物调控技术研究进展

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮肥为现代农业生产提供了作物生长需求的氮素,但长期不合理施用氮肥造成资源浪费、经济损失和影响深远的环境问题。微生物在氮素循环中发挥重要作用,值得研究总结。基于已有研究成果,归纳土壤氮素循环中的固氮、硝化、反硝化、氨化和同化/异化作用等重要微生物驱动过程及机制;归纳了微生物技术调控农业氮损失旨在提升农业环境可持续性的策略包括增加氮固定、减少温室气体排放、控制氮素流失和氨挥发等。这些策略展示了微生物在减少氮肥依赖和提高作物产量中的应用潜力,同时也指出了实现田间有效应用的研究局限和技术挑战。

关键词: 农田土壤, 氮素循环, 氮素损失, 微生物调控, 氮肥减施增效

Abstract:

Nitrogen fertilizers provide the nitrogen necessary for crop growth in modern agricultural production, but their excessive use in the long term leads to waste of resources, economic losses and profound negative environmental impacts. Microorganisms play a critical role in the nitrogen cycle; therefore, there is a significant need for further research in this field. Here, we summarize our findings on the mechanisms and processes by which microorganisms drive the soil nitrogen cycle, including nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, and nitrogen assimilation/dissimilation. We further summarize microbial technologies and strategies for mitigating agricultural nitrogen loss and improving agricultural sustainability, such as nitrogen fixation, greenhouse gas emission reduction, nitrogen bioretention, and ammonia volatilization. These strategies illustrate the potential of microorganisms in reducing the dependence on nitrogen fertilizers and increasing crop yields, while also highlighting the challenges of research and effective field application of these technologies.

Key words: agricultural soils, soil nitrogen cycling, soil nitrogen loss, microbial regulation, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency

中图分类号:

许冬宁, 吴晓青, 周方园, 范素素, 张新建, 肖桂青, 王加宁. 减少农田土壤氮损失的微生物调控技术研究进展[J]. 山东科学, 2024, 37(2): 117-126.

XU Dongning, WU Xiaoqing, ZHOU Fangyuan, FAN Susu, ZHANG Xinjian, XIAO Guiqing, WANG Jianing. Research progress on microbial regulation technologies to reduce nitrogen loss in agricultural soils[J]. Shandong Science, 2024, 37(2): 117-126.

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