Shandong Science

Libmodbus-based bus protocol design for navigational sea surface temperature sensors

HE Ya-nan, ZHU Hong-hai

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 1-7. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.001

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In this study, a design is proposed based on the cross-platform Modbus library Libmodbus’ navigational sea surface temperature monitoring system to address the current situation in which the sea surface water temperature observations are mainly conducted via manual processes. In this design, the sensors located under the waterline toward the side of the ship are used to obtain the surface water temperature. The RS485/Modbus protocol is adopted to implement a multistation multipoint network to obtain a distributed system for automatically obtaining the sea surface temperature. The host computer is based on the Modbus-RTU protocol and involves cyclic redundancy check to ensure remote control of the water temperature sensor and the reliability as well as safety of the surface water temperature collection function. The designed system is not only stable, simple, and easy to operate but also portable and scalable. The experimental results show that the designed system can monitor the sea surface temperature in a stable and reliable manner and realize online measurement of the surface water temperature with respect to a ship.

Analysis of the factors influencing target detection in sea clutter area through a compact high frequency surface wave radar

WANG Yi-ming, JI Yong-gang

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 8-15. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.002

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In this study, theoretical and statistical analysis of relevant influencing factors, including the signal coherent accumulation time, connection between the vessel navigation state and sea clutter area and the joint domain study of measured data, are conducted to facilitate the detection of target vessels from the sea clutter of a compact high frequency surface wave radar. The obtained results provide a range of signal coherent integration time. The results show that the potential dwell time of long-distance non-maneuvering target in sea clutter is over the signal coherent integration time. Furthermore, the Doppler variation induced by the non-maneuvering targets in sea clutter is limited. However, the sea clutter and non-maneuvering targets exhibit major differences in the space-time and polarization domains, which can be considered as an important criteria for target detection from sea clutter.

Evaluating the performance of external-drive rotary pressure exchanger with tilted rotor runner

HUO Mu-jie, BIE Hai-yan, LIN Zi-xin, AN Wei-zhong

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 16-21. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.003

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Herein, an external-drive rotary pressure exchanger with tilted rotor channel was proposed to improve the performance of the exchanger. Energy recovery efficiency and volume mixing ratio were used as performance indexes. We used commercial CFD software Fluent to simulate the model and compared it with the simulation data of a DC out-of-channel-drive rotary pressure energy exchanger. Results showed that when the processing volume was equal, both the energy recovery efficiency and volume mixing ratio decreased with rotor speed increasing. Under the same rotor speed, with the rotor incline angle changed, the energy recovery efficiency changed to no more than 0.04%. The rotor incline angle had a significant impact on the volume mixing ratio. The results can be a guidance for improving the performance of external-drive rotary pressure exchanger.

Chemical constituents of flowers of Fritillariae Thunbergii Miq.

WU Guo-zhen, CUI Ming-chao, YAO Xue, PAN Shao-bin, ZHAO Hong-wei, LIU Wei, LI Jia

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 22-26. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.004

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Chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate part from 95% ethanol extract of flowers of Fritillariae Thunbergii Miq.were studied herein. Positive silica gel column chromatography, reverse C18 medium pressure column chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography were used for the separation and purification. The structures of the obtained compounds were identified using NMR and MS. From the ethyl acetate extract of the flowers of Fritillariae Thunbergii Miq., eight compounds were isolated and identified, which included n-nonacosane(1), linoleic acid(2), palmitic acid(3), trans-ferulic acid(4), trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid(5), caffeic acid(6), esculetin(7), and Z-p-hydroxyl cinnamic acid (8). To the best of our knowledge, compound 1~8 are all isolated from this plant for the first time.

Determination of paeonol and ganoderan content in Compound Paeonol Nanoemulsion

SU Ming, YUAN Min, SUN Xiao-tong, SUI Zai-yun

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 27-33. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.005

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Establish a method to determine the content of paeonol and ganoderan in Compound Paeonol Nanoemulsion. The paeonol content was determined using HPLC. Determination of ganoderan was performed using the anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. The average contents of paeonol and ganoderan in the three nanoemulsions were 7.612 and 6.127 mg/mL, respectively. The average encapsulation efficiency was 97.99%. The contents were stable and uniform, and the encapsulation efficiency was high. This method is simple, reproducible, accurate, and reliable. It can be used to determine paeonol and ganoderan content in Compound Paeonol Nanoemulsion.

Mechanisms of the drug pair Astragali Radix-Scutellariae Barbatae Herba in treating lung cancer based on network pharmacology

HOU Yue, LI Qiang, WANG Dai-jie, CUI Li, ZHENG Xin

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 34-43. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.006

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We aimed to determine the mechanism of Astragali Radix-Scutellariae Ｂarbatae Herba (AR-SBH) medicine in treating lung cancer. The active ingredient and target protein of the drug pair AR-SBH and lung cancer-related disease targets were searched through a database. The drug-compound-target and compound-target-disease networks were constructed. A protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of key targets was established, followed by analysis using R software for gene ontology(GO）and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG） key target enrichment. Sixteen effective active ingredients of the drug pair AR-SBH were obtained, which acted on 111 lung cancer-related targets. Key targets included TP53, AKT1, MAPK, TNF, VEGFA, and IL-6. GO enrichment analysis mainly involves RNA transcription, inflammation, extracellular, and nuclear. KEGG signaling pathway mainly includes TLR, NLR, HIF-1, FoxO, PI3K-Akt, and other pathways. AR-SBH plays a role in treating lung cancer by inhibiting inflammation, signal transduction, angiogenesis, and other processes. The results predict the molecular mechanism of AR-SBH in lung cancer treatment and lay a foundation for further in-depth study on the pharmacological effects of the drug pair AR-SBH.

Exploration of the mechanisms of Cinnamomi Cortex in the treatment of diabetes based on network pharmacology

WANG Jun, SU Ben-zheng, JIANG Hai-qiang, SUN Yu, YANG Yu-han, CUI Ning, YU Zong-yuan

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 44-54. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.007

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To predict the active components and key targets of Cinnamomi Cortex in the treatment of diabetes and analyze its mechanisms using bioinformatics technology and network pharmacology. The effective compounds and the corresponding target proteins of Cinnamomi Cortex were determined and screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) database and a literature search. Diabetes-related genes were obtained from the GeneCards Database, and the compound-target network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed. Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis were conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID) and STRING databases. Molecular docking was performed between active components and key targets. Overall, 32 active components were found to act on 131 related targets and 20 core genes such as INS, AKT1, IL6, TNF, and VEGFA. GO and KEGG analysis showed that Cinnamomi Cortex was mainly involved in biological processes such as positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II promoter, as well as pathways covering the AGE/RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and IL-17 signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking of 10 key components showed that quercetin and procyanidin B1 in Cinnamomi Cortex had better affinity with INS, IL6, VEGFA, and TNF. This study preliminarily explained the mechanism of Cinnamomi Cortex in in treatment of diabetes, which will be helpful to guide the clinical use of drugs.

Bi(OTf)₃ catalyzed thia-Michael addition of vinyl thioethers to ortho-Qinone Methides: an efficient access to ortho-hydroxybenzyl thioethers

SHI Xin-hua, PENG Dan, WANG Feng, MU Qiu-hong, LI Jin-hui, YU Yi-tao, ZHAO Ning, LI Bing, ZHANG Shuo, LIU Lin

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 55-63. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.008

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In the present study, the Bi(OTf)₃ catalyzed thia-Michael addition to ortho-quinone methides for the synthesis of ortho-hydroxybenzyl thioethers with 2-［hydroxy(phenyl)methyl］ phenols and vinyl thioethers in 1,2-dichloroethane was developed. The reaction could be achieved at 30 ℃ for 3 h and the products were obtained in moderate to good yields (78%~88%). The prominent features of the present strategy are good chemical selectivity and with wide substrate scope. For 2-［hydroxy(phenyl)methyl］ phenols, electron-withdrawing groups and electron-donating groups on aromatic rings could react soothly to obtain corresponding products. Also, the reaction could be achieved with phenyl vinyl thioether and ethyl vinyl thioether. Furthermore, the reaction could be scaled up to multigram scale.

Surface modification of ZTM630 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation

WANG Shi-fang, LI Hang, LIU Hong-tao, MA Bai-chang, ZHOU Ji-xue, LI Tao

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 64-71. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.009

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To further optimize the corrosion resistance of biomedical magnesium alloys and meet clinical use requirements, surface modification was performed on a novel biomedical ZTM630 magnesium alloy with high strength and toughness via micro-arc oxidation. Micro-arc oxidized samples with oxidation times of 2, 5, 8, and 15 min were prepared, and their microstructure and corrosion resistance were characterized and analyzed. Results show that coating thickness and surface roughness increased with the extension of oxidation time. However, the samples showed the highest corrosion resistance when oxidation time was 5 min. This study shows that the reasonable regulation of micro-arc oxidation time is of great significance in the improvement of corrosion resistance of the biomedical magnesium alloy.

Variationsin bacterial communities in the biodrying process of municipal excess sludge with CaO treatment

LIANG Xiao-hui , SI Hong-yu, ZHAO Yu-xiao, HUA Dong-liang, TANG Chun-hong , LI Rui-guo

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 72-78. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.010

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In this study, temperature, pH, and moisture content of the municipal excess sludge treated with CaO during the biodrying process were analyzed, and the obtained data were compared with excess sludge treated without CaO. It was observed that the sludge waste exhibited good buffering capacity of pH, and could improve the biodrying temperature to a certain degree after treated with CaO. Moreover, the variations in bacterial communities during the biodrying process of municipal excess sludge biodrying were analyzed based on two different conditions (with and without CaO treatment). It was found that the two different treatment methods and biodrying period had a significant effect on the bacterial communities in the sludge substrate. The study facilitates the preliminary foundation to further clarify the succession rules of microbial communities during municipal excess sludge biodrying using aerobic fermentation.

Behavior analysis and Logit modeling of passenger waiting position selection in urban rail platform

LIU Xiao-ying, QU Yun-chao , WANG Wei-ping, WU Jian-jun

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 79-86. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.011

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This paper analyzes the factors that influence the waitingposition selection behavior of urban rail-transit passengers from three aspects, passenger feature, platform characteristics, and train operation. A behavioral model for passenger waitingposition selection is constructed using Logit model. This model includes six influencing factors: congestion tolerance, queue length, full load ratio of train carriages, walking distance, field of vision, and travel purpose. The model parameters are calibrated using the data from questionnaire surveys. The results show that the waitingposition selection behavior differ among rail-transit passengers. Passengers with high congestion tolerance tend to choose a waiting position based on the combination of full load rate and queuing length, whereas passengers with a small field of vision prefer to choose the waiting position based on the combination of walking distance and full load rate.

Train operation plan and train timetable optimization of urban rail transport based on passenger demand

CAO Lu, CAO Cheng-xuan

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 87-95. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.012

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It is important for urban rail transit to meet the passenger demand and improve the transportation efficiency to improve its attraction. The train operation plan and train timetable optimization of urban rail transit were studied herein to optimize the relationship among transport capacity, passenger demand, and transport efficiency of the transit. The train operation plan was created based on the passenger demand firstly. Then, an optimization model with the minimum passenger waiting time as goal was built based on the train operation plan with the train operation safety and capacity as constraints. A genetic harmony search algorithm was designed to solve the proposed model. An example was provided to verify the proposed model and algorithm. The proposed model and algorithm can provide a basis for decision making to match the transport capacity and demand of urban rail transit.

Route choice model based on spatial cognition and community recognition theory

LIU Xi-min, XU Ning, LU Shou-feng

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 96-102. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.013

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Heuristic decision making, spatial cognition, and community recognition theory are combined to describe the relationship between route selection and road network structure. The community structure algorithm based on module gain is used to deconstruct the road network structure, describe people's cognitive process, and establish the corresponding path selection algorithm. Taking the road network within the central area of Changsha city as an example, the proposed path selection method is used to deconstruct the road network and calculate the path selection sets for the static road impedance (distance) and dynamic road impedance (speed). The questionnaire survey and taxi GPS data are used to extract the actual path selection trajectories, and the theoretical computation results and the actual survey results are compared. When the static road resistance is used, the consistency rate is 85%, when the dynamic road resistance is used, the consistency rate is 73%. These results show that the proposed model integrating spatial cognition and community recognition can describe people’s route choice process better. The model has a better accuracy for static road resistance-based route choice. The results of this study can be a reference for urban planning and traffic planning.

Attractiveness of solutions for Katugampola fractional differential equation

CHEN Xing-ru, GU Hai-bo, WANG Xing-zhao, CHEN Yi-ru, MA Li-na

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 103-109. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.014

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We study the attractiveness of solutions for a Katugampola fractional differential equation. Using the Schauder fixed point theorem and measuring the noncompactness, we obtain the solutions for the Katugampola fractional differential equation and establish sufficient conditions for globally attractive solutions to the problem. Our results essentially reveal the characteristics of solutions for the Katugampola fractional differential equation.

Partially approximate controllability of Sobolev-Type Hilfer fractional evolution equations with nonlocal conditions

WANG Xing-zhao, GU Hai-bo

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 110-117. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.015

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In this paper, we study partially approximate controllability of Sobolev-type Hilfer fractional evolution equations with nonlocal conditions in Hilbert spaces. Using variational approach and approximating method， we provide the approximate solution operator of the control system and obtain the compactness of the approximate solution set. The sufficient conditions for the partially approximate controllability of the control system are obtained when Lipschitz conditions for the nonlocal function are not met.

Design of dual-channel non-dispersive infrared SO₂online detection system

LIU Zhi-feng, LUO Xue-ke, LI Wen, LIU Peng

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 118-125. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.016

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The current problems of multiple interference factors and slow response time in online detection of low-volume-fraction SO2 gas in flue gas detection.In this case,an online SO₂ detection system based on the non-dispersive infrared absorption principle was designed,which used the characteristic capability of SO₂ to absorb infrared light in a specific band and adopted a single light source and dual channel method. Experiment results show that the zero drift is 0.4%, the response time is 3.86 s, the linear error is 0.3%, and the repeatability error is 0.52%. A comparison of parameters shows that this method can accurately measure SO2 concentration and is more suitable for the current demand of online flue gas detection.

Application of photovoltaic modules resistant to hidden cracks

YANG Xiao-jun, REN Xian-kun, HAN Yu-jie, CHEN Chong

Shandong Science. 2020, 33(6): 126-130. doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2020.06.017

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This study investigated the interconnection bar and aluminum frame structure used in the packaging materials of photovoltaic modules to reduce the problem of hidden cracks in the failure of photovoltaic modules. By analyzing the reasons of hidden cracks in photovoltaic modules, a scheme to reduce the hidden cracks of photovoltaic modules under external force was proposed. The influence of the photovoltaic modules on the hidden crack was experimentally studied with different tensile ratio of the interconnecting bar,with or without the bending of the interconnecting bar and with or without the beam on the aluminum frame. Experiments revealed that setting reasonable tensile ratio of the interconnecting bar, bending degree of interconnecting bar, aluminum frame, and crossbeam, among other measures, could help in reducing the percentage of hidden cracks of photovoltaic modules and improve the reliability of photovoltaic modules.

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