栝楼新品系区域试验

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2021.06.002

Abstract

Abstract:

The differences in botanical characters, phenological characteristics, and yield between the new Trichosanthes kirilowii line KXY-001 and the traditional Trichosanthes kirilowii line were compared by regional test. The results showed that KXY-001 had obvious trunk, rapid growth, high yield, and stability. Further, KXY-001 could blossom and bear fruits in the first year after planting and enter the high yield period in the second year. The fresh fruit yield per mu of biennial and triennial plants increased by 78.48% and 41.25%, respectively, compared to the traditional strains. The total saponin content of KXY-001 was higher than that of the traditional control strains for three consecutive years, which were 4.54%, 7.27%, and 5.08% respectively. KXY-001 new line has higher yield and stable regional adaptability, and its comprehensive characters are better than the traditional lines. It is suitable for cultivation and promotion in Shandong Trichosanthes kirilowii real estate area. The research results have certain reference significance for further unveiling specific germplasm characteristics of Trichosanthes kirilowii, line promotion, and high value utilization of resources.

Key words: new strain of Trichosanthes kirilowii, regional test, botanical characteristics, phenological characteristics, yield

CLC Number:

R931.2

ZHOU Bing-qian, LIU Shu-zhen, JIAO Huan-ran, LU Heng, YANG Guo-hong, LIU Kun, LIU Wei. Regional test performance of new Trichosanthes kirilowii strains[J].Shandong Science, 2021, 34(6): 9-14.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Climatic conditions of experimental fields in different planting areas"

试验区域	气候条件
莱芜区	属暖温带半湿润季风气候,四季分明,冬季干燥寒冷,春季温暖多风,夏季炎热多雨,秋季凉爽晴朗。山地丘陵较多,土壤为沙壤土。年平均气温13.4 ℃,年降水量707.9 mm,日照总时数2 186.5 h。年极端高温36.7 ℃,出现在7月份,极端低温-14.5 ℃,出现在1月份,无霜期231 d,终霜日3月份,初霜日10月份。
平阴县	属暖温带大陆性半湿润气候,四季分明,光照充足,降水集中,秋长于春,夏季较早。春季平均气温为14.3 ℃,光照充足,最多为2703 h。夏季平均气温为26.2 ℃,极端气温42.2 ℃,降水量430.1 mm。秋季平均气温15.9 ℃,极端最高温度35.1℃,冬季平均气温为10 ℃左右。山地占总面积的30.8%,丘陵占33.3%,平原占24%,洼地占总面积的11.9%。土壤多为沙壤土。
商河县	地处中纬度,属北温带半湿润季风型气候地区。冬天最低气温-18.1 ℃,夏天最高温度 36.6 ℃,全年平均温度12.6 ℃。光照日均7.5 h,春、夏季日均8.4 h,冬季日均6.3 h。年平均降水量611.5 mm,年平均降雪量8 mm,降水变化为单峰型,以7月份最多,平均为205.3 mm。属华北冲积平原,境内无高山和丘陵,主要地貌类型为河滩高地和高坡地。区域内土壤类型主要为潮土和盐土,土质肥沃,保水保肥性强,适耕期长,适宜种植各类粮食经济作物。
章丘区	章丘区位于山东省中部,济南市区东5 km处, 36°25'N—37°09'N, 117°10'E—117°35'E之间。西邻济南市历城区,东连淄博市,南交泰安、济南市莱芜区,东北与邹平县接壤,西北隔黄河与济阳县相望。南北长70 km,东西宽37 km,总面积1855 km²。暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候。年均气温12.8 ℃;年平均降水量600.8 mm,一般为500~700 mm。季风,因受地势影响,反映不明显,相对湿度为65%,最高年均73%、最低年均59%。无霜期192 d,最长218 d、最短167 d。

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

References 11

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地点	品系	萌芽期			开花期			果熟期
平阴	KXY-001	2018-06-03	2019-05-08	2020-04-28	2018-06-05	2019-06-08	2020-06-28	2018-10-27	2019-10-31	2020-10-25
	传统品系	2018-06-02	2019-05-08	2020-04-27	2018-06-05	2019-06-08	2020-07-01	2018-10-27	2019-10-31	2020-10-29
章丘	KXY-001	2018-06-01	2019-05-08	2020-05-04	2018-06-05	2019-06-08	2020-07-03	2018-10-27	2019-10-27	2020-11-01
	传统品系	2018-06-01	2019-05-10	2020-05-02	2018-06-06	2019-06-09	2020-07-05	2018-10-27	2019-10-29	2020-10-27
商河	KXY-001	2018-06-02	2019-05-09	2020-05-09	2018-06-06	2019-06-09	2020-07-08	2018-10-26	2019-10-24	2020-10-21
	传统品系	2018-06-03	2019-05-08	2020-05-12	2018-06-07	2019-06-08	2020-07-03	2018-10-27	2019-10-26	2020-10-29
莱芜	KXY-001	2018-06-05	2019-05-09	2020-04-30	2018-06-07	2019-06-10	2020-07-01	2018-10-14	2019-10-10	2020-10-31
	传统品系	2018-06-05	2019-05-09	2020-04-28	2018-06-07	2019-06-10	2020-07-01	2018-10-14	2019-10-12	2020-10-30

地点	品系	1年生(2018年)	2年生(2019年)	3年生(2020年)
平阴	KXY-001	(695±45)kg/亩	(1280±81)kg/亩	(1150±110)kg/亩
	传统品系	(591±26)kg/亩	(716±80)kg/亩	(806±75)kg/亩
	增减产	17.6%	78.8%	42.6%
章丘	KXY-001	(752±89)kg/亩	(1326±160)kg/亩	(1320±76)kg/亩
	章丘传统品系	(528±43)kg/亩	(731±48)kg/亩	(816±54)kg/亩
	增减产	42.4%	81.4%	61.7%
商河	KXY-001	(702±70)kg/亩	(1200±98)kg/亩	(1016±120)kg/亩
	传统品系	(501±50)kg/亩	(688±32)kg/亩	(796±89)kg/亩
	增减产	40.1%	74.4%	27.6%
莱芜	KXY-001	(781±76)kg/亩	(1352±59)kg/亩	(1125±59)kg/亩
	传统品系	(552±45)kg/亩	(754±45)kg/亩	(845±48)kg/亩
	增减产	41.5%	79.3%	33.1%
平均增减产		35.4%	78.48%	41.25%

	品系	1年生(2018年)	2年生(2019年)	3年生(2020年)
平阴	KXY-001	0.47±0.02	0.58±0.04	0.61±0.01
	传统品系	0.48±0.01	0.52±0.01	0.56±0.05
章丘	KXY-001	0.42±0.03	0.57±0.06	0.62±0.02
	传统品系	0.45±0.02	0.57±0.02	0.60±0.01
商河	KXY-001	0.49±0.03	0.61±0.01	0.61±0.02
	传统品系	0.42±0.01	0.53±0.02	0.59±0.04
莱芜	KXY-001	0.45±0.04	0.60±0.01	0.62±0.01
	传统品系	0.41±0.02	0.56±0.03	0.60±0.04
平均值	KXY-001	0.46±0.06	0.59±0.02	0.62±0.03
	传统品系	0.44±0.01	0.55±0.04	0.59±0.05

Regional test performance of new Trichosanthes kirilowii strains

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