氨燃气轮机回热循环热力学分析

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240041

Abstract

Abstract:

In the pursuit of bridging the energy demand gap and striving for a pristine environment, ammonia fuel has emerged as one of the most promising fuels of the future. Zero carbon emissions, high energy density, and low production and transportation costs make it a promising candidate. However, challenges persist regarding the overall efficiency of pure ammonia combustion. This paper proposes a regenerative cycle in an ammonia gas turbine that matches the reheat Rankine cycle, considering the maximum temperature of the exhaust gas from the turbine and phase transition temperature of liquid ammonia in the turbine cycle. We conducted a thermodynamic analysis and evaluated the system performance based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics and analyzed the influence of the inlet temperature and pressure of the ammonia gas turbine on the overall cycle performance. The results indicate that the combined cycle has improved the efficiency of the ammonia gas turbine by up to 33.38% and the maximum efficiency achieved by the combined thermodynamic cycle is 60.13%,when the inlet temperature of an ammonia gas turbine does not exceed 1 400 ℃ and the inlet pressure remains below 0.5 MPa. Furthermore, the combined cycle exhibits outstanding thermodynamic properties and energy recovery rates. Additionally, the efficiency of the regenerative cycle increases with increasing the inlet temperature and pressure of the ammonia gas turbine, provided that the inlet pressure does not exceed 5 MPa. New perspectives have been proposed to enhance the operational efficiency of ammonia-powered gas turbines and promote the efficient utilization of ammonia as a fuel. This study proposes novel perspectives towards enhancing the efficient utilization of ammonia fuel and the actual efficiency of ammonia gas turbine cycles, providing a forward-looking exploration for the energy utilization of ammonia gas turbine systems.

Key words: ammonia gas turbine, reheat Rankine cycle, regenerative cycle, combined cycle, thermodynamic analysis

CLC Number:

TK121

SHEN Zhixuan, LIANG Shiqiang. Thermodynamic analysis of the regenerative cycle in an ammonia gas turbine[J].Shandong Science, 2025, 38(1): 64-73.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Symbol and its definition"

符号	定义	单位	符号	定义	单位
W	功率	kW	η	效率
m	质量流量	kg/s	E	㶲流量	kJ/s
LHV_f	燃料低位热值	kJ/kg	$E -$	摩尔化学㶲	kJ/mol
q	热值	kJ/kg	x	摩尔分数

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.4

Fig.5

References 15

[1]	GIELEN D, BOSHELL F, SAYGIN D, et al. The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation[J]. Energy Strategy Reviews, 2019, 24: 38-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006.
[2]	AZIZ M, JUANGSA F B, IRHAMNA A R, et al. Ammonia utilization technology for thermal power generation: A review[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2023, 111: 101365. DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2023.101365.
[3]	LIU T Y, SARTORI S. Greening the production and utilization of ammonia[J]. MRS Bulletin, 2020, 45(9): 698-699. DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2020.238.
[4]	SHEN Y Z, NAZIR S M, ZHANG K, et al. Waste heat recovery optimization in ammonia-based gas turbine applications[J]. Energy, 2023, 280: 128079. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128079.
[5]	PASHCHENKO D, MUSTAFIN R, KARPILOV I. Ammonia-fired chemically recuperated gas turbine: Thermodynamic analysis of cycle and recuperation system[J]. Energy, 2022, 252: 124081. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124081.
[6]	Power M.Mitsubishi power commences development of world’s first ammonia-fired 40MW class gas turbine system. 2021 https://power.mhi.com/news/20210301.html
[7]	PASHCHENKO D. Ammonia fired gas turbines: Recent advances and future perspectives[J]. Energy, 2024, 290: 130275. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.130275.
[8]	LEE H, LEE M J. Recent advances in ammonia combustion technology in thermal power generation system for carbon emission reduction[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(18): 5604. DOI: 10.3390/en14185604.
[9]	BOŽO M G, VALERA-MEDINA A. Prediction of novel humified gas turbine cycle parameters for ammonia/hydrogen fuels[J]. Energies, 2020, 13(21): 5749. DOI: 10.3390/en13215749.
[10]	KELLER M, KOSHI M, OTOMO J, et al. Thermodynamic evaluation of an ammonia-fueled combined-cycle gas turbine process operated under fuel-rich conditions[J]. Energy, 2020, 194: 116894. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.116894.
[11]	SU B S, HUANG Y P, WANG Y L, et al. Novel ammonia-driven chemically recuperated gas turbine cycle based on dual fuel mode[J]. Applied Energy, 2023, 343: 121184. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121184.
[12]	ROSEN M A. Energy- and exergy-based comparison of coal-fired and nuclear steam power plants[J]. Exergy, An International Journal, 2001, 1(3): 180-192. DOI: 10.1016/s1164-0235(01)00024-3.
[13]	LV W, CHEN C N, ZHAO H R, et al. Performance analysis of a CO₂ near-zero emission integrated system for stepwise recovery of LNG cold energy and GT exhaust heat[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 236: 121736. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121736.
[14]	MORRIS D R, STEWARD F R. Exergy analysis of a chemical metallurgical process[J]. Metallurgical Transactions B, 1984, 15(4): 645-654. DOI: 10.1007/BF02657285.
[15]	QUEROL E, GONZALEZ-REGUERAL B, RAMOS A, et al. Novel application for exergy and thermoeconomic analysis of processes simulated with Aspen Plus[J]. Energy, 2011, 36(2): 964-974. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.013.

状态	p/MPa	t /℃	汽化温度/℃	焓值H/(kJ·kg^-1)	汽化潜热/(kJ·kg^-1)
初始液氨	0.1	-34.00	-33.59	188.92	1 370.25
加压后液氨	0.5	-33.95	4.14	189.48	1 247.34
	1	-33.88	24.90	190.20	1 166.18
	2	-33.74	49.35	191.66	1 053.71
	3	-33.61	65.73	193.95	964.53

组分	标准摩尔化学㶲 /(kJ·mol^-1)
H₂O	9.49
N₂	0.72
O₂	3.97
NH₃	812

参数	数值
空气压缩机空气进口状态	25 ℃/0.1 MPa
空气压缩机压比	5
空气压缩机等熵效率	0.85
液氨进口状态	-34 ℃/0.1 MPa
液氨泵压比	5
液氨泵效率	0.9
空气和氨气的预热温度	400 ℃
燃气轮工质进口状态	1 000 ℃/0.5 MPa
燃气轮机等熵效率	0.9
氨流量	80 kg/s

参数	数值
高压汽轮机工质进口状态	538.00 ℃/16.2 MPa
中压汽轮机工质进口状态	538.00 ℃/4.0 MPa
低压汽轮机工质进口状态	341.86 ℃/1.03 MPa
高压、中压和低压汽轮机效率	0.9
锅炉给水泵工质进口状态	165.52 ℃/1 MPa
冷凝泵工质进口状态	35.63 ℃/0.01 MPa
锅炉给水泵、冷凝泵等熵效率	0.75
循环水流量	205 kg/s

参数	数值
氨燃气轮机发电功率	878 873 kW
液氨泵功率	59 kW
高压汽轮机发电功率	77 654 kW
中压汽轮机发电功率	70 583 kW
低压汽轮机发电功率	125 661 kW
锅炉给水泵和冷凝泵功率	4 858 kW
氨燃气轮机循环效率	35.48%
再热式朗肯循环效率	45.93 %
回热循环整体效率	55.15%

Thermodynamic analysis of the regenerative cycle in an ammonia gas turbine

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 15

Related Articles 1

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0