大姜根腐病生防木霉菌株的分离与鉴定

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240087

Abstract

Abstract:

Ginger root rot is a soil-borne disease in ginger planting, which is mainly caused by Fusarium spp. and can induce serious reduction or even extinction of ginger yield. Thirty-four Trichoderma strains with antifungal activity were isolated from the soil collected from representative ginger planting areas in Shandong province. Based on their antibiotic properties, antagonistic coefficients, and spore production capabilities, three highly effective Trichoderma strains were selected for their antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi (Foz): TW20111, TW20321, and TW20323. Morphological observations and molecular biological identifications classified strain TW20111 as Trichoderma atroviride and strains TW20321 and TW20323 as Trichoderma harzianum. The efficacy of these three Trichoderma strains in controlling ginger root rot was assessed under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, T. harzianum TW20321 showed the highest control efficacy of 86.33%, significantly promoted ginger plant height, and moderately increased ginger yield compared to carbendazim treatment. Field experiments revealed that the control efficacy of any two combined Trichoderma strains was significantly higher than that of a single strain, with the combination of TW20111 and TW20321 achieving the highest control efficacy of 68.90%. This combination also resulted in the greatest increases in plant height and single plant yield, which rose by 19.31% and 27.43%, respectively, compared to the control group.This study provided a basis for the development of new bio-pesticides for the effective control of ginger root rot.

Key words: Trichoderma spp., ginger root rot, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi, biocontrol

CLC Number:

S476.1

JIANG Yanqing, YANG Jianwen, LI Yang, SUN Haisen, HU Jindong, LI Jishun, YANG Hetong, WU Yuanzheng. Isolation and identification of Trichoderma strains against ginger root rot[J].Shandong Science, 2025, 38(4): 56-66.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Measurement of plate inhibition effect and antagonistic capability of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi (Foz)"

木霉菌株	Foz菌落半径/cm	8 d抑制率/%	木霉菌落半径/cm	抗生作用级别	拮抗与产孢情况
TW20111	0.8	87.10	4.6	2级,产浅色色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW20239	3.0	51.61	4.3	5级,整体产色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW20302	3.3	46.77	4.3	4级,整体产色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,产孢不好
TW20304	3.2	48.39	4.1	4级,整体产色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW20313	3.0	51.61	4.5	5级,整体产色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW20314	2.7	56.45	4.6	4级,整体产色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,产孢不好
TW20317	2.0	67.74	4.5	1级,未产生色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW20319	0.7	88.71	5.0	2级,产浅色色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW20320	3.0	51.61	4.7	1级,未产生色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW20321	0.3	95.16	4.7	3级,交界处产色素	Ⅰ级,大部分覆盖,产孢
TW20323	0.5	91.94	4.8	1级,未产生色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW20325	2.0	67.74	5.0	1级,未产生色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW20328	3.0	51.61	4.5	5级,整体产色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW20330	1.0	83.87	5.1	3级,交界处产色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢不好
TW20344	3.2	48.39	4.7	1级,未产生色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,未产孢
TW20345	2.0	67.74	4.7	2级,产浅色色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢不好
TW20350	2.0	67.74	5.1	3级,交界处产色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW20355	3.0	51.61	4.3	1级,未产生色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW20356	1.5	75.81	4.7	1级,未产生色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW20363	1.2	80.65	4.7	2级,产浅色色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢不好
TW20397	2.2	64.52	5.3	3级,交界处产色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW20404	1.7	72.58	4.3	1级,未产生色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW20411	1.5	75.81	4.4	1级,未产生色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢不好
TW20415	1.3	79.03	4.9	2级,产浅色色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢不好
TW20418	3.0	51.61	4.0	0级,木霉生长不好	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW20453	1.5	75.81	4.7	0级,木霉生长不好	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW20528	3.4	45.16	4.3	0级,木霉生长不好	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW20584	3.1	50.00	5.0	1级,未产生色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,产孢不好
TW21876	0.6	90.32	4.3	2级,产浅色色素	Ⅰ级,大部分覆盖,不产孢
TW21918	2.0	67.74	4.7	1级,未产生色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
TW21924	3.0	51.61	4.2	1级,未产生色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW21945	1.5	75.81	4.5	1级,未产生色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢不好
TW21990	1.0	83.87	5.5	2级,产浅色色素	Ⅱ级,部分覆盖,产孢
TW22043	2.7	56.45	4.3	1级,未产生色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,不产孢
LTR-2	3.2	48.39	4.7	5级,整体产色素	Ⅲ级,部分覆盖,产孢
Foz对照	6.2

Table 6

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 7

Table 8

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引物名称	引物序列	参考文献
ITS1 ITS4	5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3' 5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'	[13]
RPB2-F RPB2-R	5'-GATGACAGAGATCATTTCGG-3' 5'-CATCGAGAAGTTCGAGAAGG-3'5'-CCCATAGCTTGCTTACCCAT-3'	[14]
TEF1-F TEF1-R	5'-GCCATCCTTGGAGATACCAGC-3'	[15]

编号	处理设置
1	TW20111
2	TW20321
3	TW20323
4	TW20111+TW20321
5	TW20111+TW20323
6	TW20321+TW20323
7	多菌灵
8	空白对照

处理	防效/%	株高/cm	增高率/%	单株鲜重/mg	增重率/%
尖孢镰菌Foz		17.30±0.95 aA		1081.67±23.46 aA
TW20111+Foz	77.05	24.50±0.82 cdCD	41.62	2851.67±61.10 eDE	163.64
TW20321+Foz	86.33	23.27±1.77 bcCD	34.51	2661.00±110.67 dD	146.01
TW20323+Foz	82.32	24.87±0.46 cdCD	43.76	2879.00±70.38 eDE	166.16
多菌灵+Foz	80.95	24.80±1.55 cdCD	43.35	2932.67±169.00 eE	171.12

处理	发病率/%	防效/%	株高/cm	增高率/%	单株产量/kg	增产率/%
TW20111	46.40±2.48 eC	42.28	65.77±2.20 ab	5.23	1.94±0.21 bAB	10.86
TW20321	40.87±2.15 dC	49.16	67.93±0.64 bc	8.69	1.95±0.17 bAB	11.43
TW20323	43.43±1.97 deC	45.97	67.13±1.69 abc	7.41	1.90±0.10 bAB	8.57
TW20111+TW20321	25.00±1.97 aA	68.90	74.57±3.73 d	19.31	2.23±0.15 cD	27.43
TW20111+TW20323	31.52±1.70 bBC	60.78	70.68±1.92 ab	13.09	2.04±0.18 cD	16.57
TW20321+TW20323	38.48±2.28 cdD	52.12	68.25±2.14 ab	9.20	1.98±0.16 cCD	13.14
多菌灵	29.03±1.50 bAB	63.88	74.27±1.78 d	18.83	2.18±0.12 cCD	24.57
空白对照	80.37±3.40 fD		62.50±3.41 a		1.75±0.20 aA

Isolation and identification of Trichoderma strains against ginger root rot

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