畜禽粪便有机肥制备及其对土壤营养和西红柿品质的影响

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20230092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以畜禽养殖粪便为主要原料,以玉米秸秆糠为调理剂,通过生物+纳米复合分子膜静态堆肥分别生产出符合标准NY 884—2021的品质优良有机肥(OF)产品及生物有机肥(BOF)。设计5组平行西红柿栽培试验,即CK组(不施肥)、CF组(100% 硫酸钾型复合肥,400 kg/hm²)、COF组(80% 硫酸钾型复合肥+20%OF 3 000 kg/hm²)、CBO组(80% 硫酸钾型复合肥+20%BOF 3 000 kg/hm²、COB组(70% 硫酸钾型复合肥+20%OF 2 000 kg/hm²+10%BOF 1 000 kg/hm²)5种施肥方式,试验结束后进行土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾等养分质量分数及果实品质指标,如可溶性糖、维生素C质量分数等的测定。结果发现:配施有机肥可使土壤中的速效氮、磷、钾相对提高,且化肥减施20%~30%对番茄产量影响不大。有机无机配施与单施化肥相比可显著提高果实品质,如提高可溶性糖和维生素C质量分数的同时有效降低可滴定酸及硝酸盐的质量分数(p<0.05)。通过对土壤耕层理化指标影响主成分进行分析,发现各施肥方式对土壤耕层理化指标影响由大到小排序依次为:CBO、COB、COF、CK、CF。采用冗余分析对土壤耕层理化指标与番茄品质相关性进行分析,发现土壤耕层6个理化指标均与番茄品质显著相关。

关键词: 有机肥, 生物有机肥, 理化指标, 主成分分析, 冗余分析

Abstract:

Using livestock and poultry manure as the main raw material and corn straw bran as the conditioner, organic fertilizer (OF) and bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) products were produced by biological nano-composite molecular film static composting, and all products were in line with standards of NY 884—2021. Five parallel tomato cultivation experiments were designed, namely, CK (no fertilizer), CF(100% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 400 kg/hm²), COF(80% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer+20%OF 3 000 kg/hm²), CBO(80% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer+20%BOF 3 000 kg/hm²), and COB (70% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer+20%OF 2 000 kg/hm²+10%BOF 1 000 kg/hm²). After the experiment, the nutrient contents of soil, organic matter, total nitrogen, and available potassium, as well as fruit quality indicators such as soluble sugar and vitamin C content were measured. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer could relatively increase the available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, and reducing chemical fertilizer application by 20% to 30% had little effect on tomato yield. Compared to the single application of chemical fertilizer, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could significantly improve fruit quality, such as increasing soluble sugar and vitamin C content while effectively reducing the content of titratable acid and nitrate (p<0.05). Through the analysis of the main component of the impact of soil physicochemical indicators on the soil layer, it was found that the impact of each fertilization method on the soil physicochemical indicators was ranked as follows: CBO, COB, COF, CK, and CF. The correlation between six physicochemical indicators in the soil layer and tomato quality was analyzed by redundancy analysis and it was found that all six physicochemical indicators in the soil layer were significantly correlated with tomato quality (p<0.05).

Key words: organic fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer, physicochemical indicators, principal component analysis, redundancy analysis

中图分类号:

李涛, 仲惟, 赵君, 刘欢龙, 李立军. 畜禽粪便有机肥制备及其对土壤营养和西红柿品质的影响[J]. 山东科学, 2024, 37(3): 48-54.

LI Tao, ZHONG Wei, ZHAO Jun, LIU Huanlong, LI Lijun. Preparation of organic fertilizer from livestock manure and its effects on soil nutrition and tomato quality[J]. Shandong Science, 2024, 37(3): 48-54.

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含水率/%	pH	w(有机碳)/(g·kg^-1)	w(氮)/(g·kg^-1)	w(磷)/(g·kg^-1)	w(钾)/(g·kg^-1)
68.4	7.62	426.31	23.78	18.20	15.36
w(汞)/(mg·kg^-1)	w(砷)/(mg·kg^-1)	w(铅)/(mg·kg^-1)	w(铬)/(mg·kg^-1)	w(铜)/(mg·kg¹)
0.03	12.34	3.51	56.4	10.65

不同施肥方式	pH	w(有机质)/ (g·kg^-1)	w(速效钾)/ (g·kg^-1)	w(有效磷)/ (g·kg^-1)	w(全氮)/ (g·kg^-1)	w(碱解氮)/ (g·kg^-1)
CK	7.62±0.08^a	10.61±0.18^c	129.69±4.80^b	13.39±0.67^d	0.99±0.06^c	93.50±4.84^d
CF	7.18±0.04^b	10.23±0.17^d	118.81±3.29^c	21.12±0.86^c	1.37±0.03^b	132.05±3.11^c
COF	7.52±0.03^b	13.54±0.14^a	135.54±4.77^ab	27.38±2.12^b	1.63±0.05^a	153.56±3.29^ab
CBO	7.58±0.08^b	13.25±0.29^ab	139.16±3.36^a	30.18±0.64^b	1.39±0.03^b	158.39±2.09^a
COB	7.54±0.03^b	13.06±0.10^b	130.95±2.87^b	34.74±2.40^a	1.57±0.11^a	148.45±1.99^b

不同施肥方式	w(可溶性糖)/%	w(可滴定酸)/%	w(维生素C)/(mg·kg^-1)	w(硝酸盐) /(mg·kg^-1)	糖酸质量分数比
CK	4.26±0.17^b	0.85±0.08^a	14.57±1.22^b	232.88±7.91^bc	5.01
CF	2.54±0.05^c	0.50±0.09^b	10.57±1.35^c	316.73±3.77^a	5.08
COF	4.60±0.03^ab	0.46±0.04^bc	15.23±0.92^b	242.66±3.25^b	10.00
CBO	4.66±0.35^a	0.37±0.03^c	17.65±0.76^a	219.65±9.78^c	12.59
COB	4.36±0.17^ab	0.40±0.05^bc	18.59±0.44^a	254.87±22.32^b	10.90

编号	总变异统计		理化指标	主成分矩阵
编号	起始特征值	累积变异率累积%	理化指标	PC1	PC2
1	3.925	65.411	pH	0.976	0.193
2	1.781	95.102	OM	0.914	-0.253
3	0.17	97.94	AK	0.902	-0.370
4	0.124	100	AP	0.822	-0.513
5	3.99×10^-16	100	TN	0.724	0.658
6	1.28×10^-16	100	AHN	0.350	0.920