环境介质中锑形态分析技术的研究进展

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.04.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

评述了近几年不同环境介质中锑的形态分析方法,其中,电感耦合等离子体质谱法具有检出限低、灵敏度高、稳定性好、分析速度快等优点,在锑的形态分析领域受到越来越多的关注。在形态分析之前,从复杂基质中提取不同形态锑,并保持其价态的稳定性是关键,灵敏的检测技术与高效的样品前处理技术以及分离技术的融合,为解决这一问题提供了思路。近年来,联用技术已经广泛应用于大气、水体、土壤和沉积物等环境样品中锑形态的检测。最后,探讨了该领域面临的挑战并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 锑, 形态分析, 前处理技术, 液相色谱, 联用技术, 综述

Abstract:

This study reviews the speciation analysis methods of antimony indifferent environmental media in recent years. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry is widely used in the antimony speciation analysis because of its advantages such as low detection limit, high sensitivity, and good stability. Before the speciation analysis, extracting different forms of antimony from a complex matrix and maintaining its valence stability are essential. This can be achieved by combining the sensitive detection technology, efficient sample pretreatment techniques, and separation methods. In recent years, the combined techniques have been widely used for the determination of antimony in various environmental samples. Moreover, the challenges in this field and the development prospect of antimony speciation analysis method are discussed.

Key words: antimony, speciation analysis, pretreatment techniques, liquid chromatography, hyphenated technology, review

中图分类号:

X703

徐蕾, 赵汝松, 景传勇, 王霞. 环境介质中锑形态分析技术的研究进展[J]. 山东科学, 2023, 36(4): 122-133.

XU Lei, ZHAO Rusong, JING Chuanyong, WANG Xia. Review on the analytical technique for antimony speciation in environmental media[J]. Shandong Science, 2023, 36(4): 122-133.

图/表 3

表1

表2

表3

质谱法测定锑的形态"

锑形态	分析方法	样品	萃取剂	分离条件	检出限	参考文献
Sb(III) Sb(V)	HPLC-ICP-MS	水	0.11 mol/L乙酸, pH=2.85 0.1 mol/L盐酸羟胺, pH=2.0 8.8 mol/L H₂O₂ +1.0 mol/L乙酸铵, pH=2.0	色谱柱: Dionex Ion Pac AS-7 (50 mm×4 mm, 10 μm) 柱温: 35 °C 流动相: 1.0 mmol/L邻苯二甲酸酯 +10 mmol/L EDTA, pH=4.5 流速: 1.2 mL/min	0.009 g/L 0.012 g/L	[69]
Sb(III) Sb(V)	HPLC-ICP-MS	水、沉积物	5 mmol/L Na₂HPO₄, 50 mmol/L KH₂PO₄ pH=6.0±0.2	色谱柱: Ion Pac AG-7 (50 mm×4 mm, 10 μm) 柱温: 35 ℃ 流动相:A: 0.1 mol/L NH₄NO₃, pH=4 B:0.8 mol/L HNO₃ 流速: 1.7 mL/min	0.009 μg/L 0.012 μg/L	[70]
Sb(III) Sb(V)	HPLC-ICP-MS	水、沉积物	0.11 mol/L乙酸 0.1 mol/L盐酸羟胺 8.8 mol/L H₂O₂ +1.0 mol/L乙酸铵	色谱柱: DionexIonPac AS 7 (250 mm×4 mm, 10 μm) 柱温: 30 ℃ 流动相: 1.5 mmol/L phthalate +10 mmol/L EDTA, pH=4.0 流速: 0.7 mL/min	0.009 μg/L 0.014 μg/L	[71]
Sb(III) Sb(V)	HPLC-ICP-MS	PM_2.5	0.04 mol/L盐酸羟胺 +10%乙酸+0.05 mol/L EDTA	色谱柱: Hamilton PRP-X100 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) 流动相:0.03 mol/L NH₄NO₃ +0.001 mol/L EDTA, pH=3.5 流速: 1.0 mL/min	0.10 ng/m³ 0.06 ng/m³	[72]
Sb(III) Sb(V)	HPLC-ICP-MS	土壤	100 mmol/L柠檬酸	色谱柱: Hamilton PRP-X100 (25 cm×4.1 mm, 10 μm) 流动相: 200 mmol/L酒石酸铵 +4%甲醇, pH=5.0 流速: 1.2 mL/min	0.03 μg/L 0.02 μg/L	[73]
Sb(III) Sb(V)	ETV-ICP-MS	食品	6.0 mg TDNFs 15 μL三氯甲烷	载气流量:0.43 L/min 干燥温度: 100 ℃ 灰化温度: 200 ℃ 蒸发温度: 2 000 ℃ 清洗温度: 2 600 ℃	0.019 ng/L 0.025 ng/L	[74]
Sb(III)	IC-ICP-MS	水		色谱柱:Hamilton PRP-X100 (4.6 mm×250 mm) 流动相:10 mmol/L EDTA, 3 mmol/L EDTA 流速: 1.0 mL/min	0.003~0.004 μg/L	[75]
Sb(III) Sb(V)	IC-ICP-MS	水、食品		色谱柱: Hamilton PRP-X100 (250 mm×4 mm, 10 μm) 流动相: A: 20 mmol/L EDTA, 2 mmol/L KHP, 1%甲醇, pH=5.5 B: 20 mmol/L EDTA, 2 mmol/L KHP, 40 mmol/L (NH4)2CO3, 1%甲醇, pH=9.0 流速:1.2 mL/min	0.012~0.032 μg/L	[76]
Sb(III)	IC-ICP-MS	食品		色谱柱: Hamilton PRP-X100 (250 mm×4.6 mm) 流动相: 10 mmol/L EDTA +1 mmol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾流速: 1.0 mL/min	0.1 μg/L	[77]

表3

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