轨道交通封站条件下应急疏散车辆路径优化

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.04.010

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the problem of emergency evacuation of stranded passengers outside a rail station in case of its closure, this paper designs an evacuation route map, which allows passengers along the line to avail the emergency evacuation vehicles and facilitates the overall evacuation process. To minimize the total cost of vehicle operation and passenger time, this work proposes a route optimization model for emergency evacuation vehicles and improves the adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm to implement the model based on the characteristics of the problem. Finally, based on the urban traffic data of Beijing, we designed routes for emergency evacuation vehicles, analyzed their sensitivity, and verified the model and algorithm with specific examples. The results show that compared with the shortest route algorithm, the optimization results of the proposed model can reduce passengers' travelling time by 15.02%, allowing them to evacuate rapidly while ensuring their experience and improving emergency management systems in case of rail station closure.

Key words: urban rail transit, emergency evacuation, vehicle routing problem, rail station closure, adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm

CLC Number:

U491.12

ZHANG Yiguo, QU Yunchao, YIN Haodong, WU Jianjun. Route optimization for emergency evacuation vehicles in case of rail station closure[J].Shandong Science, 2023, 36(4): 80-88.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Definition of parameters"

参数符号	参数定义
$n$	正常运营的轨道交通站点数
$d i j$	站点i和j间最短路距离; $i, j = 0,1, …, n,$ 其中 $0$ 为封站站点
$t i j$	站点i和j间行驶时间; $i, j = 0,1, …, n,$ 其中 $0$ 为封站站点
$Q$	疏散车辆最大载客数
$θ$	发车时车辆最低满载率
$T$	乘客接受的最长乘车时间
$t i$	站点 $i$ 停靠时间
$d i$	$i$ 站点下车总人数; $i = 1,2, …, n$
$p i$	$i$ 站点上车总人数; $i = 1,2, …, n$
$F c$	疏散车辆固定成本
$C d$	疏散车辆可变成本
$C t$	乘客单位时间成本
$v$	疏散车辆速度
$P m a x$	单条路径最大停靠次数

Table 1

Table 2

Definition of decision variables"

决策变量	变量定义
$x i j k$	0,1变量, $x i j k = 1$ 表示弧 $(i, j)$ 在车辆 $k$ 的路径上,否则为 $0$
$y i j k$	车辆 $k$ 在弧 $(i, j)$ 上时,车内累计上车总人数(包括站点 $i$ )
$z i j k$	车辆 $k$ 在弧 $(i, j)$ 上时,车内将要下车总人数(站点 $i$ 之后)
$n k$	第 $k$ 辆车停靠车站数

Table 2

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 3

Algorithm parameter settings"

参数	意义	取值
$τ$	初始温度控制参数	0.05
$c$	冷却速率	0.95
$φ$	权重更新迭代次数	5
$n$	次优位置个数	5
$σ 1$	全局最优解评分	30
$σ 2$	当前最优解评分	20
$σ 3$	接受较差解评分	10
$ρ$	权重衰减系数	0.4
$θ -$	随机破坏程度上限	0.1
$θ -$	随机破坏程度下限	0.4
i_teration	算法迭代总次数	400

Table 3

Fig.3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

References 17

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车辆序号	车辆行驶路由	车辆行驶距离/km	车辆行驶时间/h
1号车	3-7-11-12-8	14.7	0.90
2号车	4-0-2-18	18.1	0.92
3号车	10-1-6	15.2	0.63
4号车	5-16-22-23	19.1	0.94
5号车	9-13-15-14	21.0	0.85
6号车	21-20-24-19-17	15.8	0.95

算例编号	节点数量	文献[17]结果			ALNS的最优解
算例编号	节点数量	总距离/km	车辆数	时间/s	总距离/km	车辆数	时间/s
CMT1X	50	478.6	3	7.74	470.4	3	6.59
CMT1Y	50	480.8	3	7.81	470.4	3	6.66
CMT2X	75	688.5	6	24.86	664.8	6	18.32
CMT2Y	75	679.4	6	22.02	667.2	6	17.59
CMT3X	100	744.8	5	94.06	722.0	5	78.35
CMT3Y	100	723.9	5	120.66	731.3	5	85.24
CMT4X	150	887.0	7	501.95	856.2	7	416.45
CMT4Y	150	852.4	7	406.32	880.0	7	412.59
CMT5X	199	1 089.2	10	1 055.83	1 033.6	10	776.32
CMT5Y	199	1 084.3	10	771.71	1 012.1	10	628.46

最大载客量/人	乘客总乘车时间/h	行驶距离/km	车辆数/辆
60	86.67	105.9	8
70	93.85	89.8	7
80	99.02	85.1	6
90	99.63	94.3	6
100	119.18	88.0	5

Route optimization for emergency evacuation vehicles in case of rail station closure

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