城市封闭小区开放决策优化模型

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对于较大的封闭小区,有必要打开现有出入口或增加一些出入口,允许外部车辆或行人穿行,以畅通城市交通微循环,缓解交通拥堵以及行人与机动车的相互干扰。考虑地块具体情况及交通需求分布,上层模型以总的出行时间最小及小区开放建设成本最小化为目标,以现有出入口和备选出入口是否对外部车辆或行人开放作为决策变量;步行和小汽车出行方式选择及路径选择联合用户均衡模型作为下层模型,建立了封闭小区开放决策优化的双层规划模型。上层采用遗传算法,下层采用Frank-Wolfe算法,提出了该双层规划模型的求解算法。通过一个实例对模型与算法进行了验证,发现交通微循环设置并进行方案优化后总的时间花费减少了约26%, 从而证明本文提出的模型和算法是有实际工程应用价值的,能够有效降低交通拥堵,提高交通通行的效率。

关键词: 城市交通, 封闭小区, 交通微循环, 双层规划, 用户均衡, 遗传算法

Abstract:

For larger enclosed communities, it is necessary to open the existing entrances or add some entrances to allow external vehicles or pedestrians to pass through for smooth urban traffic microcirculation and alleviating traffic congestion and the mutual interference between pedestrians and motor vehicles. Considering the actual situation of a community and the traffic distribution, with the goal of minimizing the total travel time and the cost of construction to open the community as the upper level model, the existing and alternative entrances are open to external vehicles or pedestrians as decision variables, and the combined (walking and car travel) mode choice and route choice with user equilibrium model as the lower level model, a bi-level programming model of decision-making optimization for opening closed communities was established. The genetic algorithm is applied for the upper level model and Frank-Wolfe algorithm is applied for the lower level model, and a solution algorithm of the bi-level programming model was proposed. Finally, the model and algorithm were verified by a sample, discovering the setting of traffic micro circulation and optimizing the plan, the total time spent has been reduced by about 26%. This proves that the model and algorithm proposed in this article have practical engineering application value, and can effectively reduce traffic congestion and improve traffic efficiency.

Key words: urban transport, enclosed communities, traffic microcirculation, bi-level programming, user equilibrium, genetic algorithm

中图分类号:

U491

王艳, 陈群. 城市封闭小区开放决策优化模型[J]. 山东科学, 2023, 36(6): 96-104.

WANG Yan, CHEN Qun. Model for the decision optimization of opening urban enclosed communities[J]. Shandong Science, 2023, 36(6): 96-104.

图/表 6

图1

表1

变量和符号含义"

变量或符号	含义
i,j	小区或节点编号
k	小区备选开口编号
l	小区已有开口编号
a	路段编号
q_ij	i到j之间的出行需求分布,单位:pcu/h,所有q_ij构成的向量为q
$q i j v$	i到j之间选择小汽车出行的流量,单位pcu/h,所有 $q i j v$ 构成的向量为q^v
Q_v	总的小汽车出行量,单位pcu/h
$q i j p$	i到j之间选择步行出行的流量,单位pcu/h,所有 $q i j p$ 构成的向量为q^p
$t i j p$	i到j之间选择步行出行的最短路时间,单位s
$t i j v$	i到j之间选择小汽车出行的最短路径上的时间,单位s
T_p	总的步行时间,单位s
$x a v$	路段a的车流量,单位pcu/h,所有 $x a v$ 构成的向量为x^v
$t a v$	路段a上的车辆通行时间,单位s
$f r i j$	i到j之间第r条出行路径上的车流量,单位pcu/h
$δ a, r i j$	路段a在i到j之间第r条出行路径上,则 $δ a, r i j$ =1,否则 $δ a, r i j$ =0
T_v	总的车辆通行时间,单位s
$c a v$	路段a上的车流通行能力,单位pcu/h
τ	每辆车停车需花的时间,单位s
G_k	小区第k个备选开口如果对外部车辆(同时也对外部行人)打开,则G_k=2, 如果仅对外部行人打开,则G_k=1,否则,G_k=0
H_l	小区第l个现有开口如果对外部车辆(同时也对外部行人)开放,则H_l=2, 如果仅对外部行人开放,则H_l=1,否则,H_l=0
μ_k	小区第k个备选开口对外部车辆(同时也对外部行人)打开所需的建设费用,单位:元
$μ k p$	小区第k个备选开口仅对外部行人打开所需的建设费用,单位:元
η	时间价值系数,与当地社会经济发展水平有关
θ	模型中的经验参数

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 12

[1]	中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见[EB/OL]. [2022-12-20]. https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2016/content_5051277.htm.
[2]	MORONI S. Towards a general theory of contractual communities: Neither necessarily gated, nor a form of privatization[M]// ANDERSSOND E, MORONIS. Cities and Private Planning. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014. DOI: 10.4337/9781783475063.00010.
[3]	WANG Y, PENG Z Y, CHEN Q. The choice of residential layout in urban China: a comparison of transportation and land use in Changsha (China) and Leeds (UK)[J]. Habitat International, 2018, 75: 50-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.04.005.
[4]	HEDAYATI-MARZBALI M, TILAKI M J M, ABDULLAH A. Assessing the effect ofneighbourhood structure on residents' perceptions of safety in gated communities: a case study of Iran[J]. Safer Communities, 2017, 16: 3-19. DOI: 10.1108/SC-09-2016-0019.
[5]	LIAO K H, WEHRHAHN R, BREITUNG W. Urban planners and the production of gated communities in China: a structure-agency approach[J]. Urban Studies, 2019, 56(13): 2635-2653. DOI: 10.1177/0042098018801138.
[6]	ADDINGTON L A, RENNISON C M. Keeping the barbarians outside the gate? comparing burglary victimization in gated and non-gated communities[J]. Justice Quarterly, 2015, 32(1): 168-192. DOI: 10.1080/07418825.2012.760644.
[7]	BORSDORF A, HILDALGO R, VIDAL-KOPPMANNS. Social segregation and gated communities in Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires: a comparison[J]. Habitat International, 2016, 54: 18-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.11.033.
[8]	SOJA E W. Postmetropolis: critical studies of cities and regions[M]. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000.
[9]	SUN G B, WALLACE D, WEBSTER C. Unravelling the impact of street network structure and gated community layout in development-oriented transit design[J]. Land Use Policy, 2020, 90: 104328. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104328.
[10]	DONG L, RINOSHIKA A, TANG Z X. Dynamic evaluation on the traffic state of an urban gated community by opening the micro-inter-road network[J]. Technologies, 2018, 6(3): 71. DOI: 10.3390/technologies6030071.
[11]	DONG W, CAO X Y, WU X Y, et al. Examining pedestrian satisfaction in gated and open communities: an integration of gradient boosting decision trees and impact-asymmetry analysis[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2019, 185: 246-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.02.012.
[12]	王炜, 王建, 华雪东, 等. 基于网络交通分配方法族谱的交通分配一体化技术与工程应用[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2021, 21(5): 30-39. DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2021.05.004.

[1]	邢昊, 张瑞云, 许腾飞, 纪峰. 基于遗传算法优化的BP神经网络对面料悬垂系数的预测及分析[J]. 山东科学, 2025, 38(1): 53-63.
[2]	王红印, 袁媛, 崔鸿蒙, 郑宣传, 四兵锋. 基于需求弹性的多模式铁路客运票价优化模型及算法[J]. 山东科学, 2024, 37(5): 69-78.
[3]	昝雨尧, 王翔, 王可馨, 沈佳燕. 考虑驾驶人交通环境感知的车辆安全势场及跟驰行为建模[J]. 山东科学, 2024, 37(3): 111-120.
[4]	卢守峰, 黄志康, 赵红云. 地铁乘客的病毒载量演化模型和仿真[J]. 山东科学, 2024, 37(2): 97-103.
[5]	程思洁, 邵晓明, 李镇, 王江锋. 基于双层规划模型的高速公路差异化收费定价研究[J]. 山东科学, 2023, 36(5): 93-101.
[6]	曹宏, 任华玲. 双模式下考虑碳税的定制公交站点位置与票价优化研究[J]. 山东科学, 2023, 36(4): 69-79.
[7]	曹若冰, 曹成铉, 徐猛, 曹璐. 韧性交通枢纽中突发大客流疏散优化研究[J]. 山东科学, 2023, 36(2): 76-84.
[8]	卢昱臻, 李新刚. 基于乘客异质性的早高峰单起点多讫点公交均衡研究[J]. 山东科学, 2023, 36(2): 85-92.
[9]	彭芃, 贾顺平. 考虑用户偏好的奖励机制下共享单车分流停车引导策略研究[J]. 山东科学, 2022, 35(6): 123-130.
[10]	彭磊, 樊葱, 汪茜, 王晓潮, 柏赟. 地铁线路纵断面优化系统设计与实现[J]. 山东科学, 2022, 35(4): 136-143.
[11]	刘正,刘素芳,李新刚. 城市快速路出口匝道与衔接交叉口协调控制研究[J]. 山东科学, 2022, 35(2): 106-114.
[12]	徐璞. 考虑出行全过程的城市群多方式交通流分配模型与算法[J]. 山东科学, 2022, 35(1): 88-98.
[13]	程仁辉, 贾顺平. 考虑拥堵道路停车惩罚的定制公交调度研究[J]. 山东科学, 2021, 34(1): 53-61.
[14]	刘喜敏, 徐宁, 卢守峰. 基于空间认知和社区识别理论的路径选择模型[J]. 山东科学, 2020, 33(6): 96-102.
[15]	赵凯丽, 范贤, 徐小明, 朱冬冬. 列车运行能耗与乘客换乘时间协同优化研究[J]. 山东科学, 2020, 33(5): 73-83.