城市封闭小区开放决策优化模型

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.2023.06.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对于较大的封闭小区,有必要打开现有出入口或增加一些出入口,允许外部车辆或行人穿行,以畅通城市交通微循环,缓解交通拥堵以及行人与机动车的相互干扰。考虑地块具体情况及交通需求分布,上层模型以总的出行时间最小及小区开放建设成本最小化为目标,以现有出入口和备选出入口是否对外部车辆或行人开放作为决策变量;步行和小汽车出行方式选择及路径选择联合用户均衡模型作为下层模型,建立了封闭小区开放决策优化的双层规划模型。上层采用遗传算法,下层采用Frank-Wolfe算法,提出了该双层规划模型的求解算法。通过一个实例对模型与算法进行了验证,发现交通微循环设置并进行方案优化后总的时间花费减少了约26%, 从而证明本文提出的模型和算法是有实际工程应用价值的,能够有效降低交通拥堵,提高交通通行的效率。

关键词: 城市交通, 封闭小区, 交通微循环, 双层规划, 用户均衡, 遗传算法

Abstract:

For larger enclosed communities, it is necessary to open the existing entrances or add some entrances to allow external vehicles or pedestrians to pass through for smooth urban traffic microcirculation and alleviating traffic congestion and the mutual interference between pedestrians and motor vehicles. Considering the actual situation of a community and the traffic distribution, with the goal of minimizing the total travel time and the cost of construction to open the community as the upper level model, the existing and alternative entrances are open to external vehicles or pedestrians as decision variables, and the combined (walking and car travel) mode choice and route choice with user equilibrium model as the lower level model, a bi-level programming model of decision-making optimization for opening closed communities was established. The genetic algorithm is applied for the upper level model and Frank-Wolfe algorithm is applied for the lower level model, and a solution algorithm of the bi-level programming model was proposed. Finally, the model and algorithm were verified by a sample, discovering the setting of traffic micro circulation and optimizing the plan, the total time spent has been reduced by about 26%. This proves that the model and algorithm proposed in this article have practical engineering application value, and can effectively reduce traffic congestion and improve traffic efficiency.

Key words: urban transport, enclosed communities, traffic microcirculation, bi-level programming, user equilibrium, genetic algorithm

中图分类号:

U491

王艳, 陈群. 城市封闭小区开放决策优化模型[J]. 山东科学, 2023, 36(6): 96-104.

WANG Yan, CHEN Qun. Model for the decision optimization of opening urban enclosed communities[J]. Shandong Science, 2023, 36(6): 96-104.

图/表 6

图1

表1

变量和符号含义"

变量或符号	含义
i,j	小区或节点编号
k	小区备选开口编号
l	小区已有开口编号
a	路段编号
q_ij	i到j之间的出行需求分布,单位:pcu/h,所有q_ij构成的向量为q
$q i j v$	i到j之间选择小汽车出行的流量,单位pcu/h,所有 $q i j v$ 构成的向量为q^v
Q_v	总的小汽车出行量,单位pcu/h
$q i j p$	i到j之间选择步行出行的流量,单位pcu/h,所有 $q i j p$ 构成的向量为q^p
$t i j p$	i到j之间选择步行出行的最短路时间,单位s
$t i j v$	i到j之间选择小汽车出行的最短路径上的时间,单位s
T_p	总的步行时间,单位s
$x a v$	路段a的车流量,单位pcu/h,所有 $x a v$ 构成的向量为x^v
$t a v$	路段a上的车辆通行时间,单位s
$f r i j$	i到j之间第r条出行路径上的车流量,单位pcu/h
$δ a, r i j$	路段a在i到j之间第r条出行路径上,则 $δ a, r i j$ =1,否则 $δ a, r i j$ =0
T_v	总的车辆通行时间,单位s
$c a v$	路段a上的车流通行能力,单位pcu/h
τ	每辆车停车需花的时间,单位s
G_k	小区第k个备选开口如果对外部车辆(同时也对外部行人)打开,则G_k=2, 如果仅对外部行人打开,则G_k=1,否则,G_k=0
H_l	小区第l个现有开口如果对外部车辆(同时也对外部行人)开放,则H_l=2, 如果仅对外部行人开放,则H_l=1,否则,H_l=0
μ_k	小区第k个备选开口对外部车辆(同时也对外部行人)打开所需的建设费用,单位:元
$μ k p$	小区第k个备选开口仅对外部行人打开所需的建设费用,单位:元
η	时间价值系数,与当地社会经济发展水平有关
θ	模型中的经验参数

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 12

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