关键词: 城市交通, 模块化公交系统, 混合整数线性规划, 需求响应式公交

Abstract:

To address the issue of low load factors associaated with conventional demand-responsive buses with fixed capacity, this study introduces a modular vehicle system and proposes a cross-regional demand-responsive bus dynamic scheduling optimization method based on modular vehicles. An objective function is established to minimize travel and operational costs for passengers and enterprises, respectively. The concept of coupling stations is introduced, and a dynamic fleet formation model considering coupling stations is designed, which allows for fleet reorganization and passenger transfer across two routes. Using the Big-M method, the model is linearized into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem for solutions, and the model is validated through a case study of two commuting routes from Jiukeshu to Wangfujing in Beijing. The experimental results show that compared to the introduction of conventional demand-responsive buses with fixed capacity, the introduction of modular buses effectively increases vehicle load factors, reduces operational costs for enterprises, and slightly reduces passenger travel costs. This indicates that the introduction of modular bus systems in urban commuting scenarios can provide a more flexible and efficient operational model for passenger travel and enterprise operations.

Key words: urban transportation, modular bus system, mixed-integer nonlinear programming, demand-responsive bus