畜禽粪污厌氧消化典型污染物迁移转化与生物炭强化效应研究进展

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20260078

山东科学

• 环境与生态 •

畜禽粪污厌氧消化典型污染物迁移转化与生物炭强化效应研究进展

皇甫晓萱^1,2，段同苑³，孙茂森⁴，赵庆庆^1,2，张新建^1,2，傅晓文^1,2，宋繁永^1,2，李天元^1,2*

1.齐鲁工业大学（山东省科学院）环境科学与工程学部，山东济南 250353； 2. 齐鲁工业大学（山东省科学院）生态研究所（山东省中日友好生物技术研究中心），山东济南 250100； 3.山东黄河河务局山东黄河信息中心，山东济南 250013； 4.山东衍沃环境咨询有限公司，山东济南 250300

收稿日期:2026-04-16 接受日期:2026-05-20 上线日期:2026-09-17
通信作者: 李天元 E-mail:tianyuan198712@163.com
作者简介:皇甫晓萱（2002），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为污染控制与废弃物资源化。E-mail：15098720763@163.com
基金资助:
山东省黄河流域乡村大宗有机废物低碳循环利用技术体系的研发与示范（2024ZDZX10）

Research progress on pollutant transformation and biochar enhancement in anaerobic digestion of livestock manure

HUANGFU Xiaoxuan^1,2, DUAN Tongyuan³, SUN Maosen⁴, ZHAO Qingqing^1,2, ZHANG Xinjian^1,2, FU Xiaowen^1,2, SONG Fanyong^1,2, LI Tianyuan^1,2*

1. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; 2. Ecology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences (China‑Japanese Friendly Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250100, China; 3. Shandong Yellow River Information Center, Yellow River Shandong Bureau, YRCC, Jinan 250013, China; 4. Shandong Yanwo Environmental Consulting Co., Ltd., Jinan 250300, China

Received:2026-04-16 Accepted:2026-05-20 Online:2026-09-17
Contact: LI Tianyuan E-mail:tianyuan198712@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 厌氧消化是畜禽粪污资源化、无害化及减量化处理的主流技术，重金属、抗生素和抗性基因是畜禽粪污中存在的典型污染物。本综述围绕厌氧消化过程深入剖析重金属钝化、抗生素降解以及抗性基因赋存动态，探究了重金属对抗性基因传播的驱动机理，阐述了生物炭添加对污染物去除的强化效应。研究表明，重金属主要通过形成硫化物沉淀、吸附等方式实现形态钝化；抗生素的降解遵循非生物转化（如羟基自由基氧化）与生物降解（如共代谢、酶催化）两条途径；抗性基因以胞内/胞外DNA的动态转化形式存在，并通过垂直、水平基因转移途径迁移，同时重金属借助协同抗性、交叉抗性和协同调控的共选择机理，驱动抗性基因的传播。生物炭凭借其吸附作用、电子转移以及活性氧介导等机理，显著降低重金属的生物有效性，促进抗生素降解，并有效抑制抗性基因的传播。综合分析认为，未来研究可着重关注新型钝化材料与技术的研发、抗性基因迁移规律的解析以及循环农业模式的推广，进而实现畜禽粪污的高效处理与风险防控。

关键词: 畜禽粪污, 厌氧消化, 抗生素, 重金属, 抗性基因

Abstract: Anaerobic digestion is a widely used technology for the resource recovery, detoxification, and volume reduction of livestock manure. Heavy metals, antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are major pollutants commonly present in this waste. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of heavy metal passivation, antibiotic degradation, and the dynamic fate of ARGs during anaerobic digestion. It further examines the mechanisms through which heavy metals promote the dissemination of ARGs and discusses the role of biochar in enhancing pollutant removal. Current studies indicate that heavy metal passivation is primarily achieved through sulfide precipitation and adsorption. Antibiotic degradation occurs via two main pathways: abiotic transformation (e.g., hydroxyl radical–mediated oxidation) and biodegradation (e.g., co-metabolism and enzymatic catalysis). ARGs persist through the dynamic transformation of intracellular and extracellular DNA and spread via both vertical and horizontal gene transfer. Importantly, heavy metals facilitate ARGs propagation through co-selection mechanisms, including co-resistance, cross-resistance, and co-regulation. Biochar can substantially reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals, enhance antibiotic degradation, and effectively mitigate ARGs dissemination through mechanisms such as adsorption, electron transfer, and reactive oxygen species–mediated processes. Future research should focus on developing novel passivation materials and technologies, elucidating ARGs migration and transmission pathways, and promoting circular agricultural economy models. These efforts are essential for improving livestock manure treatment efficiency and minimizing environmental risks.

Key words: livestock manure, anaerobic digestion, antibiotic, heavy metal, resistance genes

中图分类号:

皇甫晓萱, 段同苑, 孙茂森, 赵庆庆, 张新建, 傅晓文, 宋繁永, 李天元. 畜禽粪污厌氧消化典型污染物迁移转化与生物炭强化效应研究进展 [J]. 山东科学, 0, (): 1-.

HUANGFU Xiaoxuan, DUAN Tongyuan, SUN Maosen, ZHAO Qingqing, ZHANG Xinjian, FU Xiaowen, SONG Fanyong, LI Tianyuan. Research progress on pollutant transformation and biochar enhancement in anaerobic digestion of livestock manure[J]. Shandong Science, 0, (): 1-.

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畜禽粪污厌氧消化典型污染物迁移转化与生物炭强化效应研究进展

Research progress on pollutant transformation and biochar enhancement in anaerobic digestion of livestock manure

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