山东科学

• 中药与天然活性产物 •    

灶心土、生黄土及煅烧黄土的结构特征及挥发性成分对比研究

王贞武1,刘双1,董红敬1,米玉璋1,谷文超2,张梁坤2,王晓1,陈健2,3*



收稿日期:2025-12-08 修回日期:2026-05-25

基金项目:中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302-2401-21);山东省泰山学者工程项目(tstp20221138);

作者简介:王贞武(1999-),男,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药资源研究;

通信作者,陈健(1986-),男,中医学博士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,主要从事复方作用机制与药效物质基础研究及临床常见疾病的中医诊疗研究工作;

  

  1. 1.齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) 山东省分析测试中心 天然产物分离提取共性技术创新与应用山东省工程研究中心,山东 济南 250014; 2.山东第一医科大学附属中心医院,山东 济南 250013; 3. 中国中医科学院 道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京 100700
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-08 接受日期:2026-05-25 上线日期:2026-10-21
  • 通信作者: 陈健
  • 作者简介:王贞武(1999—),男,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药资源研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302-2401-21);山东省泰山学者工程项目(tstp20221138)

Comparative study of the structural characteristics and volatile components of Terra Flava Usta, raw loess, and calcined loess

WANG Zhenwu1, LIU Shuang1, DONG Hongjing1, MI Yuzhang1, GU Wenchao2, ZHANG Liangkun2, WANG Xiao1, CHEN Jian2,3*   

  1. 1. Shandong Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of General Technology for Separation of Natural Products, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; 2. Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University,Jinan, 250013, China; 3. State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
  • Received:2025-12-08 Accepted:2026-05-25 Online:2026-10-21
  • Contact: CHEN Jian

摘要: 本研究采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)分析灶心土、生黄土与煅烧黄土的结构特征,借助气相离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)比较三者挥发性成分差异。结果显示,木柴熏烧可诱导灶心土形成细小孔隙,提高有益元素(Al、Fe、Ca)比例,降低有害元素(Pt)比例,塑造其特定结构特征和药效成分负载潜力。GC-IMS共鉴定出45种挥发性成分,木柴熏烧过程诱导了挥发性成分的降解、挥发与再吸附,重塑了灶心土的挥发性成分轮廓。偏最小二乘判别分析筛选出25种关键差异成分(VIP>1.0),包括芝麻酚、水芹烯、柠檬烯等。综上,木柴熏烧是驱动灶心土细小孔隙结构、成分负载能力及特定挥发性成分轮廓形成的关键因素,本研究为灶心土“温中燥湿、止呕止血”功效的物质基础提供了理论依据。

关键词: 灶心土, 生黄土, 煅烧黄土, 结构特征, 挥发性成分

Abstract: In this study, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were employed to analyze the structural characteristics of Terra flava usta, raw loess, and calcined loess. Gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) was employed to compare differences in their volatile components. The results showed that wood-fired smoking induced fine-pore formation in Terra flava usta, increased the proportion of beneficial elements (Al, Fe, and Ca), and decreased the proportion of the harmful element Pt, shaping its specific structure and active component–loading capacity. A total of 45 volatile components were identified by GC–IMS. Wood-fired smoking caused degradation, volatilization, and re-adsorption of volatile components, altering the volatile-component profile of Terra flava usta. Partial least squares discriminant analysis identified 25 key differential components (VIP > 1.0), including sesamol, phellandrene, and limonene. Thus, wood-fired smoking is a key process that governs the fine-pore structure, active component–loading capacity, and volatile-component profile of Terra flava usta. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the pharmacodynamic basis underlying the traditional effects of Terra flava usta: “warming the middle energizer, drying dampness, and stopping and relieving bleeding.”

Key words: Terra Flava Usta, raw loess, calcined loess, structural characteristics, volatile constituent

中图分类号: 

  • R283

开放获取 本文遵循知识共享-署名-非商业性4.0国际许可协议(CC BY-NC 4.0),允许第三方对本刊发表的论文自由共享(即在任何媒介以任何形式复制、发行原文)、演绎(即修改、转换或以原文为基础进行创作),必须给出适当的署名,提供指向本文许可协议的链接,同时表明是否对原文作了修改,不得将本文用于商业目的。CC BY-NC 4.0许可协议详情请访问 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0