跨临界二氧化碳储能系统的热力学性质研究

doi:10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240105

山东科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 79-92.doi: 10.3976/j.issn.1002-4026.20240105

跨临界二氧化碳储能系统的热力学性质研究

姜佳晖¹(), 张学林², 李双江³, 薛小代², 陈伟¹, 张斌¹^,^*()

1.青岛科技大学机电工程学院，山东青岛 266061
2.清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系，北京 100084
3.中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司，河北石家庄 050032

收稿日期:2024-09-02 修回日期:2024-11-11 出版日期:2025-10-20 上线日期:2025-10-11
通信作者: *张斌，男，教授。研究方向为燃烧诊断技术。E-mail：zb-sh@163.com
作者简介:姜佳晖（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为压缩二氧化碳储能。E-mail：17854203791@163.com
基金资助:
中国华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ21-H33);中国电建集团科技项目(DJ-ZDXM-2022-17)

Study of thermodynamic properties of transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system

JIANG Jiahui¹(), ZHANG Xuelin², LI Shuangjiang³, XUE Xiaodai², CHEN Wei¹, ZHANG Bin¹^,^*()

1. College of Electromechanical Engineering，Qingdao University of Science & Technology，Qingdao 266061，China
2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronics，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China
3. Power China Hebei Electric Power Engineering Co.，Ltd.，Shijiazhuang 050032，China

Received:2024-09-02 Revised:2024-11-11 Published:2025-10-20 Online:2025-10-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二氧化碳储能（CCES）是在压缩空气储能（CAES）基础上发展起来的一种新型储能技术，具有零碳排放、储能密度高以及安全可靠等优势。为进一步利用CO₂易液化、能量密度高的特性，提出了一种含气液两相变化的跨临界二氧化碳储能系统（TC-CCES）。该系统低压储罐内部为气液混合物，且在系统运行过程中始终保持该状态。对所提出的TC-CCES进行了能量分析和火用分析，并仿真获取了系统运行过程中的动态特性，同时着重分析了高压储气罐初始温度对系统性能的影响。研究结果表明，降低高压罐初始温度对提升系统效率有积极作用，当系统运行至稳定状态时，效率可达56.93%，储能密度为3 510 kJ/m³。

关键词: 跨临界二氧化碳储能, 气液两相, 能量守恒, 火用平衡, 动态特性

Abstract:

Carbon dioxide energy storage （CCES），which has evolved from compressed air energy storage，offers advantages such as zero carbon emissions，high energy storage density，safety and reliability. To further utilize the advantages of easy liquefaction and the high energy density of carbon dioxide，a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system （TC-CCES） with gas-liquid two-phase changes was proposed. The low-pressure storage tank in the system contains a gas-liquid mixture that remains in transcritical state throughout the operation. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted on TC-CCES，and simulations were performed to obtain the dynamic properties of the system during its operation. In addition，the impact of the initial temperature of the high-pressure gas storage tank on the system was analyzed. The study revealed that lowering the initial temperature of the high-pressure tank enhanced the system efficiency. When the system ran in a stable state，it achieved an efficiency of 56.93% and an energy storage density is 3 510 kJ/m³.

Key words: transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage, gas-liquid two-phase, energy conservation, exergic balance, dynamic properties

中图分类号:

TK02

姜佳晖, 张学林, 李双江, 薛小代, 陈伟, 张斌. 跨临界二氧化碳储能系统的热力学性质研究[J]. 山东科学, 2025, 38(5): 79-92.

JIANG Jiahui, ZHANG Xuelin, LI Shuangjiang, XUE Xiaodai, CHEN Wei, ZHANG Bin. Study of thermodynamic properties of transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system[J]. Shandong Science, 2025, 38(5): 79-92.

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部件	设计参数	数值	单位
LC	CO₂流量转速压比效率	0.86 9 600 4.5 0.8	kg/s r/min
HC	CO₂流量转速压比效率	0.86 9 600 4.5 0.8	kg/s r/min
LX	CO₂流量综合换热系数	0.86 8.2	kg/s kJ/K
HX	CO₂流量综合换热系数	0.86 11.5	kg/s kJ/K
LR	CO₂流量综合换热系数	0.86 20.84	kg/s kJ/K
HR	CO₂流量综合换热系数	0.86 48.12	kg/s kJ/K
LT	CO₂流量压比效率	0.86 2.6 0.9	kg/s
HT	CO₂流量压比效率	0.86 2.6 0.9	kg/s
LST	体积初始压力	142 1.5	m³ MPa
HST	体积初始压力	100 10	m³ MPa
TV1	压降	0.5	MPa
TV2	压降	10	MPa

节点	P/MPa	T/K	比体积v/（m³·kg^-1）	比焓h/（kJ·kg^-1）	比熵s/（kJ·kg·K^-1）
1	1.320	240.80	0.000 90	128.4	0.729 8
2	1.000	233.00	0.002 70	128.4	0.732 1
3	1.000	293.15	0.052 40	492.5	2.268 0
4	4.483	431.70	0.017 10	608.2	2.323 0
5	4.483	318.15	0.010 60	480.7	1.979 0
6	20.000	466.20	0.003 70	588.1	2.206 0
7	20.000	318.15	0.001 20	288.4	1.236 0
8	20.000	344.65	0.001 50	354.0	1.433 0
9	10.000	318.90	0.002 10	354.0	1.486 0
10	10.000	417.00	0.006 70	564.2	2.083 0
11	3.334	329.90	0.016 30	506.6	2.106 0
12	3.334	417.00	0.022 40	598.1	2.352 0
13	1.317	348.10	0.047 90	541.2	2.371 0
14	1.371	298.15	0.039 80	493.9	2.224 0
15	1.371	238.15	0.000 90	123.1	0.707 0
16	0.101	298.15	0.001 25	685.7	0
17	0.101	424.90	0.001 25	977.3	0.814 0
18	0.101	421.90	0.001 25	970.4	0.798 0
19	0.101	422.00	0.001 25	970.6	0.799 0
20	0.101	321.40	0.001 25	739.2	0.173 0
21	0.101	332.40	0.001 25	764.5	0.250 0

跨临界二氧化碳储能系统的热力学性质研究

Study of thermodynamic properties of transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system

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